The document discusses muscles of the speech and related speech disorders. It begins with an introduction to speech science and the anatomy of speech muscles. It then describes various speech disorders such as dysarthria, apraxia, and developmental verbal dyspraxia. Speech disorders can be caused by damage to vocal cords, the brain, muscles or respiratory weakness. Common symptoms include repeating or distorting sounds. Speech disorders are diagnosed through tests like the Denver Articulation Screening Exam. Treatment involves exercises to strengthen facial and throat muscles. Untreated speech disorders can potentially lead to anxiety or phobias over time.
3. • Introduction of speech science
• Anatomy of muscles of speech
• Speech Disorders
• Causes of disease
• Symptoms
• Diagnosis
• Treatment
• Prognosis
Outlines
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4. • Speech science:refers to the study of production, transmission and
perception of speech. Speech science involves anatomy, in
particular the anatomy of the oro-facial region
and neuroanatomy, physiology, andacoustics.
• Many disorders can affect our ability to speak and communicate.
They range from saying sounds incorrectly to being completely
unable to speak or understand speech.
• Some speech and communication problems may be genetic. Often,
no one knows the causes. By first grade, about (5 percent )
of children have noticeable speech disorders. Speech and language
therapy can help
Introduction
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5. Stages of speach and
Organs Sharing In it
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6. • 1st stage :- Social speech (or external speech) "In no way is this speech
related to intellect or thinking."
A child uses speech to express simple thoughts and emotions such as crying,
laughter and shouting.
• 2nd stage :- Egocentric Speech This is typically the type of speech
found in a three to seven years old.
In this stage, children often talk to themselves, regardless of someone listening
to them. They things out loud in an attempt to guide their own behavior. They
may speak about what they are doing as they do it.
• 3rd stage :- Inner Speech This is the final stage of speech
development.
It is inner, soundless speech
This type of speech allows us to direct our thinking and behavior
Three Stages of Speech Development
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10. Articulation by Pharynx, Soft Palate, Hard Palate,
tongue, Teeth and Lips all share in production of
Words
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11. • Dependent upon the size and shape of the:
– Vocal Tract
– Oral Cavity
– Nasal Cavity
• The resonant frequency of each of our voices will differ depending
on the size and shape of the structures above, much like how the
resonance of a cello or bass differs from a guitar, which differs from
a ukulele.
Resonance
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12. Anatomy of muscles of
speech
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13. Muscles of the larynx
External laryngeal(motor) supplies the cricothyroid muscle and the rest by (Recurrent laryngeal )
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14. Muscles of the larynx and Phonation process
• Tensors of the vocal cords : (Cricothyroid / Vocalis MS)
• Relaxants of the vocal cords : (Thyroarytenoid M)
• Abductors of the vocal cords : (Posterior cricoarytenoid M)
• Adductors of the vocal cords :(Transverse arytenoid/Lateral cricoarytenoid
MS)
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15. All are supplied by hypoglossal nerve except platoglossus muscle
through cranial accessory through pharyngeal plexus
Muscles of the tongue
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16. Muscles of pharynx
All are supplied by cranial accessory through pharyngeal plexus except tensor palate by mandibular nerve
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17. • All are supplied by Facial nerve
Muscles of the lips
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20. A. Dysarthria: a motor speech disorder in which the muscles of the
mouth, face, or respiratory system may become weak or have
difficulty moving.
B. Apraxia: a motor speech disorder caused by damage to the parts of
the brain related to speaking.
C. Cluttering: a speech and fluency disorder characterized primarily
by a rapid rate of speech, which makes speech difficult to
understand.
D. Developmental: verbal dyspraxia also known as childhood apraxia
of speech.
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21. E. Dysprosody: is the rarest neurological speech disorder. It is
characterized by alterations in intensity, in the timing of utterance
segments, and in rhythm, cadence, and intonation of words. The
cause of dysprosody is usually associated with neurological
pathologies such as brain vascular accidents, cranioencephalic
traumatisms, and brain tumors.
F. Muteness: is complete inability to speak.
G. Stuttering: affects approximately 1% of the adult population.
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22. H. Speech sound disorders: involve difficulty in producing specific
speech sounds (most often certain consonants, such as /s/ or /r/),
and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called
phonetic disorders and phonemic disorders).
• Speech disorders can affect adults and children. Early treatment
can correct these conditions.
• Speech disorders affect the vocal cords, muscles, nerves, and other
structures within the throat.
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24. 1) vocal cord: damage; polyps or nodules; paralysis
2) Brain: damage;stroke
3) muscle weakness
4) respiratory weakness
5) Speech disorders may be hereditary, and they can develop over
time.
If ther is a damage in (directly) -:
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25. Common conditions that can lead to speech disorders are :
1) autism
2) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
3) strokes
4) oral cancer
5) laryngeal cancer
6) Huntington’s disease
7) dementia
8) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease)
Or indirectly as a Complications Of Other
Diseases -:
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27. 1. repeating sounds (most often seen in people who stutter)
2. adding extra sounds and words
3. elongating words
4. making jerky movements while talking (usually involving the head)
5. blinking several times while talking
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28. 6. visible frustration when trying to communicate
7. taking frequent pauses when talking
8. distorting sounds when talking
9. hoarseness (raspy or gravely sounding voice)
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30. • Denver Articulation Screening Exam
The Denver articulation screening examination is the most
commonly used testing system to diagnose speech disorders. This
test evaluates the clarity in pronunciation in children between the
ages of 2 and 7. This five-minute test uses various exercises to
assess the child’s speech.
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31. • Early Language Milestones Scale 2
This test determines a child’s language development. This test can
quickly identify delayed speech or language disorders.
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32. • Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test Revised
The person will listen to various words and choose pictures that
describe the words.
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34. • Mild speech disorders may not require any treatment.
• Treatment varies and depends on the type of disorder through:
exercises that work to strengthen the muscles in the face
and throat.
control your breathing while speaking.(by professional therapist)
• Muscle-strengthening exercises and controlled breathing help
improve the way your words sound.
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36. • Untreated speech disorders may cause a person to experience a
great deal of anxiety. Over time, this anxiety can trigger anxiety
disorders or a phobia of speaking in public.
• Early treatment for anxiety can help prevent the development of anxiety
disorders or phobias. Treatment options include talk therapy and anti-
anxiety medications.
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