The foot supports the body weight and provides leverage for walking and running. It is unique in that it is constructed in the form of arches, which enable it to adapt its shape to uneven surfaces. It also serves as a resilient spring to absorb shocks, such as in jumping. skin Thick and hairless. Firmly bound down to the underlying deep fascia by numerous fibrous bands. Shows a few flexure creases at the sites of skin movement. Sweat glands are present in large numbers. medial calcaneal branch of the tibial nerve Medial plantar nerve Lateral plantar nerve Sural & saphenous nerve

1. Sole Of The Foot

2. The Foot
• The foot supports the body weight and
provides leverage for walking and running.
• It is unique in that it is constructed in the
form of arches, which enable it to adapt its
shape to uneven surfaces.
• It also serves as a resilient spring to absorb
shocks, such as in jumping.

3. Skin
Thick and hairless. Firmly bound down to the
underlying deep fascia by numerous fibrous bands.
Shows a few flexure creases at the sites of skin
movement.
Sweat glands are present in large numbers.

4. CUTANEOUS NERVES
Medial calcaneal
branch of the
tibial nerve
Medial plantar
nerve
Lateral plantar
nerve
Sural & saphenous
nerve

5. Deep Fascia
• The plantar aponeurosis is a triangular
thickening of the deep fascia that
protects the underlying nerves, blood
vessels, and muscles
• Its apex is attached to the medial and
lateral tubercles of the calcaneum.
• The base of the aponeurosis divides
into five slips that pass into the toes.

6. Plantar aponeurosis
• Definition:
Thickened band of deep
fascia in the sole of the
foot.
• Attachment:
Posteriorly: Medial
tubercle of calcaneus.
Anteriorly: Divides into
5 slips which pass to the
5 toes.
On each side: Attached
to the metatarsal bones
by medial and lateral
intermuscular septa.

7. Medial Plantar Nerve
It is larger of the two terminal branch
of the posterior tibial nerve.
Enter the foot midway between the
medial malleolus and the medial
tubercle of the calcaneus, under
cover the flexor retinaculum.
Passes forwards deep to the
abductor hallucis muscle.
Terminate at the bases of the
metatarsal bones by dividing into 3
planter digital nerves.

8. Medial Plantar Nerve
• Branches:
 Muscular (to four muscles) to:
Abductor hallucis.
1) Flexor digitorum brevis.
2) Flexor hallucis brevis
3) First lumbrical muscle
 Cutaneous:
Planter cutaneous branches:
1) To the skin of the medial 2/3
of the sole of the foot.
2) Planter digital nerves
 Articular branches: To intertarsal
and tarso-metatarsal joints.

9. Lateral Plantar Nerve
It is smaller of the two terminal
branches of the posterior tibial
nerve.
Enters the foot midway between the
medial malleolus and the medial
tubercle of the calcaneus under
cover the flexor retinaculum.
Passes forwards and laterally deep
to abductor hallusis.
Terminate at the base of the 5th
metatarsal bone, by dividing into a
superficial and a deep branches.

10. Lateral Plantar Nerve
Branches: Muscular :
1) Flexor digitoum accessorius
muscle
2) Abductor digiti minimi
3) Flexor digiti minimi brevis
4) Adductor halucis muscle.
5) Interossei
6) 2nd, 3rd & 4th lumbricals.
Cutaneous:
1) Skin of the lat. 1/3 of the
sole
2) Skin on the lat.side of the
planter surface of the little
toe and the adjoining sides
of the 4th & 5th toes.
3) The planter digital branches,
also, supply the skin on the
dorsum of the terminal

11. Medial Plantar Artery
One of the two terminal branches of the
posterior tibial artery.
Enter the foot midway between the medial
malleolus and the medial tubercle of
the calcaneus, under cover the flexor
retinaculum. Passes forwards deep to
the abductor hallucis muscle. Passes
b/w the abd.hallucis and flexor
digitorum brevis.

12. Medial Plantar Artery
Termination: By anastmosing with the
1st planter metatarsal artery.
Branches:
Muscular
Digital: 3 superficial digital branches
these branches end by
anastmosing with the first, second
and third planter metatarsal
arteries.

13. Lateral Plantar Artery
• One of the two
terminal branches of
the posterior tibial
artery.
• At first between the 1st
and 2nd layers, then
curves medially
between the 3rd and
4th layers of the sole.
• Turns medially with the
deep branch of the
lateral planter nerve
with slight forward
convexity to from the
plantar arch between

14. Lateral Plantar Artery
On reaching the base of the 5th metatarsal bone, the artery curves
medially to form the plantar arch and at the proximal end of the first
intermetatarsal space joins the dorsalis pedis
artery

15. Lateral Plantar Artery
• Branches:
 Muscular
 Anastomotic branches: b/w
arcuate & lateral tarsal arteries
of the dorsalis pedis artery.
 Posterior perforating arteries:
 3 branches which anastomose
with the dorsal metatarsal
arteries.
 Planter digital artery: to the
lateral side of the little toe.
 Three planter metatarsal arteries

16. MUSCLES FOUR LAYERS
FIRST(SUPERFICIAL)
SECOND
THIRD
FOURTH

17. 1st Layer
• Three Muscles:
1)Abductor hallucis
2)Flexor digitorum
brevis
3)Abductor digiti
minimi

18. Abductor hallucis

19. Flexor digitorum brevis

20. Abductor digiti minimi

21. SECOND LAYER
• 1.QUADRATUS
PLANTAE/FLEXOR
DIGITORUM
ACCESSORIOUS
• 2.LUMBRICALS
• 3.TENDON OF
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS
• 4.TENDON OF
FLEXOR HALLUCIS
LONGUS

22. 2nd Layer
• Two Tendons:
1) Flexor halusis longus
2) Flexor digitorum
longus
• Two Muscles:
1) Quadratus Plantae
(Flexor digitorum
accessorius)
2) 4 Lumbricals muscles

23. Quadratus Plantae (Flexor digitorum accessorius)

24. 4 Lumbricals muscles

25. 3rd Layer
• Three Muscles:
1)Flexor hallucis
brevis.
2)Adductor hallucis
3)Flexor digiti minimi
brevis

26. Flexor hallucis brevis.

27. Adductor hallucis

28. Flexor digiti minimi brevis

29. 4th Layer
• Two Tendons:
1) Tibialis posterior
2) Peroneus Longus
• Two Muscles:
1) 3 Planter Interossei
2) 4 Dorsal Interossei

30. 3 Planter Interossei

31. 4 Dorsal Interossei

32. Plantar Fasciitis
• Straining and inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis, a condition called
plantar fasciitis, may result from running and standing , especially when
inappropriate footwear is worn. It causes pain on the plantar surface of
the heel and on the medial aspect of the foot.