I/ The Catching up
A/ Financial aspects
B/ The Openness of economic relations
C/ Labour market
II/ The current situation of Spain
A/ Facing the enlargement
B/ The environmental issue
C/ The impact of the crisis
MINISTERIO DE ECONOMÍA Y FINANZAS PÚBLICAS
COPARTICIPACIÓN TRIBUTARIA - IMPUESTO DIRECTO A LOS HIDROCARBUROS (IDH) - CUENTA ESPECIAL DIÁLOGO NACIONAL 2000GOBIERNOS AUTÓNOMOS MUNICIPALES GESTIÓN 2015
Which countries are best in the world in A- national team football by Siggi E...Siggi Eyjolfsson
Which countries are the best in the wold in A-national team football? Published July 22nd 2016. Tiny Iceland is 11th best in the world when you combine the current FIFA rankings for men´s and women´s football. Siggi Eyjolfsson (siggiraggi73@gmail.com)
MINISTERIO DE ECONOMÍA Y FINANZAS PÚBLICAS
COPARTICIPACIÓN TRIBUTARIA - IMPUESTO DIRECTO A LOS HIDROCARBUROS (IDH) - CUENTA ESPECIAL DIÁLOGO NACIONAL 2000GOBIERNOS AUTÓNOMOS MUNICIPALES GESTIÓN 2015
Which countries are best in the world in A- national team football by Siggi E...Siggi Eyjolfsson
Which countries are the best in the wold in A-national team football? Published July 22nd 2016. Tiny Iceland is 11th best in the world when you combine the current FIFA rankings for men´s and women´s football. Siggi Eyjolfsson (siggiraggi73@gmail.com)
Presentation is based on a paper presented at the International Conference of Media diversity and plurality at Makhanlal Journalism University, Bhopal, India
Scholarly Social - professional advice from people in scholarly communicatio...Ginny Hendricks
From the July 2014 #scholarlysocial group in London, a selection of people's "best professional advice they've ever been given". More info at https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=8110592.
Presentatie bij Vlerick Business School op 17 maart 2015 over innovatiecultuur en de toolbox Van AHA tot VOILA die Flanders DC en Vlerick Business School samen hebben ontwikkeld.
500 Powerpoint diagrams templates maps graphics and shapes enargeia
The PPT Library : more than 500 fully editable diagrams, maps and graphics to be used in Powerpoint in order to enhance visual quality of your presentations and increase productivity. Used by top consulting firms and marketing professionnals
Download at www.thepptlibrary.com
Contents:
I Positive impact of trade on inequalities within industrialized countries
II Increasing inequalities in developing world
III Moderate convergence between North and South
500 Powerpoint diagrams templates maps graphics and shapes enargeia
The PPT Library : more than 500 fully editable diagrams, maps and graphics to be used in Powerpoint in order to enhance visual quality of your presentations and increase productivity. Used by top consulting firms and marketing professionnals
Download at www.thepptlibrary.com
Communicatiebewuste plaatsing van data in een gedistribueerd rekensysteemPeter Bertels
Presentatie van mijn openbare doctoraatsverdediging op 19 mei 2010. Na de verdediging behaalde ik de academische graad van Doctor in de Ingenieurswetenschappen: Computerwetenschappen.
Presentation is based on a paper presented at the International Conference of Media diversity and plurality at Makhanlal Journalism University, Bhopal, India
Scholarly Social - professional advice from people in scholarly communicatio...Ginny Hendricks
From the July 2014 #scholarlysocial group in London, a selection of people's "best professional advice they've ever been given". More info at https://www.linkedin.com/groups?home=&gid=8110592.
Presentatie bij Vlerick Business School op 17 maart 2015 over innovatiecultuur en de toolbox Van AHA tot VOILA die Flanders DC en Vlerick Business School samen hebben ontwikkeld.
500 Powerpoint diagrams templates maps graphics and shapes enargeia
The PPT Library : more than 500 fully editable diagrams, maps and graphics to be used in Powerpoint in order to enhance visual quality of your presentations and increase productivity. Used by top consulting firms and marketing professionnals
Download at www.thepptlibrary.com
Contents:
I Positive impact of trade on inequalities within industrialized countries
II Increasing inequalities in developing world
III Moderate convergence between North and South
500 Powerpoint diagrams templates maps graphics and shapes enargeia
The PPT Library : more than 500 fully editable diagrams, maps and graphics to be used in Powerpoint in order to enhance visual quality of your presentations and increase productivity. Used by top consulting firms and marketing professionnals
Download at www.thepptlibrary.com
Communicatiebewuste plaatsing van data in een gedistribueerd rekensysteemPeter Bertels
Presentatie van mijn openbare doctoraatsverdediging op 19 mei 2010. Na de verdediging behaalde ik de academische graad van Doctor in de Ingenieurswetenschappen: Computerwetenschappen.
How corporate governance works in France. Par le même auteur, découvrez le site www.web-wonders.fr. Un site qui compile les meilleurs sites anglophones encore inexplorés.
Análisis y Predicción de la Demanda en España y en la Comunidad ValencianaLing-en HSIA
Introducción: la Demanda en una situación de Crisis
1) Alto Paro, Bajo Consumo
2) Inversión débil por falta de Expectativas
3) Exportaciones: una caída grave
Conclusión: Crisis de Demanda vs Crisis de Confianza
Políticas de Infraestructuras de Tecnologías en EuropaLing-en HSIA
La crisis económica actual es global. Aunque el sector de la Tecnología de
Información y Comunicación (TIC) ha sido menos afectado que los demás, esta
desaceleración de la actividad muestra que esta industria, al igual que los otros, necesita la
ayuda de una política industrial aparte de inversiones privadas.
Además, la posición española en cuanto a la innovación en general, se encuentra mucho más
retrasada en comparación con los otros países de la Unión Europea (UE).
La sociedad moderna depende en gran medida de la información y de la
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐬 (𝐓𝐉 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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"𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲, 𝐚 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐣𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐲. 𝐖𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐰𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬."
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
What is the TDS Return Filing Due Date for FY 2024-25.pdfseoforlegalpillers
It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
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www.seribangash.com
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https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
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Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
Visit : https://www.avirahi.com/blog/tata-group-dials-taiwan-for-its-chipmaking-ambition-in-gujarats-dholera/
Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
Have you ever heard that user-generated content or video testimonials can take your brand to the next level? We will explore how you can effectively use video testimonials to leverage and boost your sales, content strategy, and increase your CRM data.🤯
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2. How to leverage your testimonials to boost your sales 💲
3. How you can capture more CRM data to understand your audience better through video testimonials. 📊
2. CONTENTS
Introduction _____________________________________________________________________ 3
I/ The Catching up ________________________________________________________________ 4
A/ Financial aspects ___________________________________________________________________ 4
B/ The Openness of economic relations ___________________________________________________ 6
C/ Labour market _____________________________________________________________________ 8
Conclusion __________________________________________________________________________________ 12
II/ The current situation of Spain ___________________________________________________ 13
A/ Facing the enlargement ____________________________________________________________ 13
B/ The environmental issue____________________________________________________________ 13
C/ The impact of the crisis ____________________________________________________________ 15
Conclusion _____________________________________________________________________ 17
Annex ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19
Bibliography: ________________________________________________________________________________ 23
3. Introduction
Spain joined the European Union (EU) in 1986 and from this date, many economic changes
have occurred.
Firstly, we will see some of those structural changes during the last two decades: the financial
aspects, the international relations and the labour market. According to these modifications, we can
say that there has been a catching up.
Secondly, we will take a look at the economy of Spain through the present environment: the
enlargement of the EU, the awareness of the environment issue and the impact of the financial crisis.
4. I/ The Catching up
A/ Financial aspects
Since 1986 Spain has received a net total of EUR 78,131 million from the EU (contributions
minus receipts). These transfers have been essential for the transformation of the Spanish economy
in financing a large number of social and regional cohesion projects.
Nonetheless, with the enlargement process of poorer countries, Spain will become a net contributor
to the Community budget in 2010.
Moreover, in order to access to the Economic & Monetary Union (EMU), Spain have managed to
decrease the inflation rate and the interest rate
5.
6. B/ The Openness of economic relations
Concerning the direct investment, the last two decades have been a huge change in the
economy of Spain. Following the privatisations of the major Spanish public companies, Spanish
businesses made huge investments abroad. During the last ten years, on average the yearly foreign
investment in Spain has been 40, 000 million euros, ten times more than the precedent decade.
The Spanish investments abroad increase, as well, mainly since the privatisations of the major
Spanish public companies in the 90’.
In 2005, even if more than 70% of Spain’s external trade took place with EU states, the share in the
EU trade has been stable. Meanwhile, the trade deficit got worse from 34,916 million US dollars in
1992 to 112,697 million US dollars in 2006.
Since the 80’, Spain has needed external financing practically every year because of the growth of
the Spanish economy, the impossibility of devaluing the currency following the introduction of the
euro and the decline in the competitiveness of Spanish exports.
8. C/ Labour market
Temporary contracts has been generating a high level of rotation of staff in Spain, which
prevents them from undertaking the necessary training to become more productive. The low
productivity also reflects the insufficient use of new technologies. The reasons are mainly the very
poor expenditures on the Research and Development (R&D) in comparison with the EU-15, even if
there has been an increase. Moreover, the women employment rate was only 80% of the EU rate in
2003 as well as the people having completed the secondary education in 2004.
Even if the unemployment rate has decreased a lot, it still is one of the highest in the EU. The
paradox is that the need in unskilled workforce in the agricultural or construction sector is very high
but Spaniards don’t want to work in these sectors. Indeed, these sector resort to immigration of
workers from poorer countries of South America and Africa.
9. In 1998, the immigration from those continents was around 30,000 persons. In 2007, the number of
immigrants rose to 400,000. Furthermore these figures don’t take into account the illegal workers
which mean that the amount of foreigners living in Spain has become much more.
12. Conclusion
Since the entrance of Spain in the EU in 1986, there have been many changes in the structure
of the economy. The annual GDP growth rate has been very high in comparison of the EU-15.
Today, in terms of GDP, Spain is ranked 8th. The ranking of Spain of the Human Development Index
(HDI) which takes into account development parameters is 13th just behind the United States.
There is no doubt that there has been a catching up and even though it is not possible to know exactly
the impact of the entrance in the EU, it is evident that Spain has taken advantage of the EU.
However, from now on, Spain will be facing new challenges in the present environment.
Source: UNDP
13. II/ The current situation of Spain
The enlargement of 12 new countries since 2004 has had an influence and it is now the turn
of Spain to help those countries as well. The 21st century will also be the century of the awareness of
the environment. Finally, like all the countries, Spain is facing the current financial crisis and
managing that does not seem simple.
A/ Facing the enlargement
The enlargement process has been contributed to the trade deficit. The variation of
imports from the 10 countries that joined the EU in 2004 was 304.9 % when the variation of
the EU-15 rose of only 104.7% during the same period. But in the same time, the exports of
Spain to those countries rose only of 58.8% (in comparison of the 95.4 % for the EU-15).
Regarding the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), it seems like the investors are more attracted
to the new less-developed countries in spite of Spain. Furthermore, the off shoring is more
frequent toward these countries.
As we have seen before, the European Union aids for development go more and more
towards those countries and less to Spain.
B/ The environmental issue
Spain has been making important efforts to reduce CO2 emissions but in comparison
with the other European Countries, there still is more effort to do.
Today, the challenge for Spain is to reduce its dependency on oil, diversify its energy
sources, making greater use of renewable energies, and improve consumption efficiency.
15. Source: eurostat
C/ The impact of the crisis
The long expansion of economic activity can be broadly attributed to a combination of positive
shocks, such as a sustained credit expansion and strong immigration, together with sound choices in
monetary and fiscal policies in the framework of the accession to the monetary union.
Significant imbalances emerged however during the expansionary phase: an oversized housing sector
a high indebtedness of private agents, households and firms, coupled with insufficient productivity
growth, has hurt the competitiveness of the Spanish economy.
Employment prospects reflect the picture for economic activity in general. According to
BBVA, in 2009, 750000 jobs will be destroyed and the unemployment rate will reach 15.4% when
the European Commission forecast the same rate for 2010.
17. Conclusion
“Within the European Union we want to lead initiatives and adapt, when necessary, the current
framework of multilateral institutions to make them serve these objectives. [support trade. adapt the
welfare state to suit new circumstances (globalization). Rather than deregulation, we want clear and
efficient rules so that the market will develop its potential without violating the principles of equity
and justice] “ (José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero).
The Spanish economy has developed very quickly during the last 40 years. Some structural weakness
remain but if the government manages to reduce the trade deficit and boost the productivity, Spain
could face the crisis in a few years. Moreover, Spain plays an important role in the EU today and
together with the other State Members, they can make the EU quot;the most dynamic and competitive
knowledge-based economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and
better jobs and greater social cohesion, and respect for the environment by 2010quot;.
Maybe not in 2010 but still…
23. Bibliography:
• Economic Forecast Autumn 2008, European Commission, 03/11/2008
http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/pdf/2008/autumnforecasts/es_en.pdf
• Foreign Direct Investment in Spain, William Chislett, 17/10/2007
http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/!ut/p/kcxml/04_Sj9SPykssy0xPLMnMz0vM0Y_QjzK
LN4k3NHYFSYGYTn76kShCBvGOCJEgfW99X4_83FT9AP2C3NCIckdHRQAUwpTT/delta/base
64xml/L0lDU0lKQ1RPN29na2tBISEvb0lvUUFBSVFnakZJQUFRaENFSVFqR0EhLzRKRmlDbzB
laDFpY29uUVZHaGQtLzdfNF8zRjc!?WCM_PORTLET=PC_7_4_3F7_WCM&WCM_GLOBAL_
CONTEXT=/wps/wcm/connect/Elcano_in/Zonas_in/DT47-2007
• In Spain's interest: A Committed Foreign Policy, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
2/7/2008
http://www.realinstitutoelcano.org/wps/portal/rielcano_eng/Content?WCM_GLOBAL_C
ONTEXT=/Elcano_in/Zonas_in/Europe/00027
• OECD Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics, OECD 2008
• Human Development Report 2007/2008
http://hdr.undp.org/en/
• 20 Years of Spain in the European Union (1986-2006), Elcano Royal Institute European
Parliament
• EUROBAROMETER 62 PUBLIC OPINION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
European Commission, 2004
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb62/eb62first_en.pdf
• Migraciones Estadística de variaciones residenciales 29 julio 2008, INE
http://www.ine.es/jaxi/menu.do?type=pcaxis&path=%2Ft20%2Fp307&file=inebase&L=
0
24. • La Economía española en la Unión Europea (1986-2002), Jesús Garmendia Ibáñez,
Servicio Editorial Universidad del País Vasco
• Los efectos económicos y sociales de la ampliación de la Unión Europea en España
Consejo Económico y Social, Colección Informes, 2008
• El entorno exterior y la crisis financiera debilitarán la actividad económica en España en
2009, JoséLuis Escrivá, Jefe Grupo BBVA, 12/11/2008
http://estaticos.elmundo.es/documentos/2008/11/12/bbva.pdf