Aquaculture today is facing a number of challenges: high stocking densities and the consequent proneness to pathogen transmission; the increasing limited - or even banned - use of antibiotics; the feeding of less degradable plant-based diets to name a few.

1. July | August 2011
Feature title: An effective solution to optimise health status and nutrient utilisation
- GUSTOR AQUA
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2. F: Gustor Aqua F: Gustor Aqua
and consequently antimicrobial efficacy, in thus extracted soy is the most commonly ient formulation of commercial feeds.
proximal stomach of catfish is similar for utilised soy product. The alcohol-soluble As described in mammals, butyrate
the three acids, it is greater for butyric in fraction of extracted soy, however, still provides anti-inflammatory properties
distal stomach. contains active antinutrients, being ascribed in the distal intestine by modifying
as the cause of inflammation
Trophic effect on in distal intestine (enteritis)
intestinal epithelium (Francis et al. 2001). Several
While pH in proximal intestine of investigations have reported
pigs and broilers is acidic, it is closer to soy-induced enteritis in
neutrality in fish and shrimp (Page et al salmonids (Baeverfjord and
1976; Yúfera et al 2004). In addition, pH Krogdahl 1996; Krogdahl
alkalinity increases further down the diges- et al 2003), sea bream
tive tract, reducing the presence of the (Bonaldo et al 2008), sea
GUSTOR AQUA
An effective solution to optimise acidic forms and the subsequent efficacy bass (Boonyaratpalin et al
of SCFA to reduce microbial load in intes- 1998) and common carp
health status and nutrient utilisation tine. Therefore, the higher pH along the (Urán et al 2008). This path-
intestine of aquaculture species favours ological alteration is micro-
the butyrate or dissociated form of the scopically characterised by
acid. The stimulatory effect of butyrate on hypertrophic mucosa, infil- Figure 2: Beneficial effects of GUSTOR Aqua
intestinal epithelium development in differ- tration of inflammatory cells,
ent animal species has been demonstrated hyperaemia, and shortening
in both in vivo and in vitro conditions, elu- of the enterocyte microvilli, leading to transcription factors, which in turn
by Waldo G Nuez-Ortín, DVM, MSc cidating greater epithelial cell proliferation decreased absorptive capacity and conse- control the expression of inflammatory
Aquaculture Technical Manager at Norel SA, Spain with the administration of sodium butyrate quently reduced nutrient utilisation and response genes (Hamer et al 2008, Le
Email: wnuez@norel.es Website: www.norel.es when compared to sodium acetate and performance (Baeverfjord and Krogdahl Gall et al 2009).
sodium propionate (Sakata and Tamata 1996; Urán et al 2008; van de Ingh et al In fish, the anti-inflammatory effect of
1978a, 1979; Sakata 1987). 1991). sodium butyrate was detected by sup-
A
In a study conducted by Galfi and Bokori In addition, there is some indication plementing 0.01 percent to a salmon diet
quaculture today is facing ever, other key benefits such as trophic consequent disruption of the metabolic (1990), 0.17 percent sodium butyrate sup- that susceptibility to bacterial disease may containing 25 percent extracted soy, which
a number of challenges: and anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal processes) and reduced energy availability plemented in pig diets increased cell pro- be negatively
high stocking densities and epithelium have been attributed to sodium due to the effort required transporting the liferation in ileum by 33 percent, resulting affected by soy-
the consequent proneness butyrate (Gálfi and Bokori 1990; Le Gall proton out of the bacteria (Dibner and in 30 percent increase in villi length. This induced enteri-
to pathogen transmission; the increas- et al 2009). Buttin 2002). The subsequent reduction in stimulatory effect can be interpreted as a tis (Krogdahl et
ing limited - or even banned - use of From a practical feeding perspective, the butyric acid intolerant microorganisms combination of direct and indirect mecha- al 2000).
antibiotics; the feeding of less degra- and unlike the acid form, sodium butyrate contributes to a diminished risk of subclini- nisms along the different sections of the As a result,
dable plant-based diets to name a few. is characterised by reduced pungent odour, cal infections and nutrient demand by the intestine (Sakata 1984). While the caloric Krogdahl et al
non-corrosiveness and non-volatility, allow- gut-associated immune system; this leads content of butyrate is higher than that (2003) con- Providing proficient tools to
As a result reduced survival, as well ing for convenient storage and feasible addi- to enhanced health status and nutrient of propionate and acetate, and it is pref- cluded that achieve cost-effective
as lower efficiencies and growth, lead to tion of Gustor Aqua before feed processing. utilisation. As reported by Page et al (1976), erentially oxidised by the epithelial cells no more than
and sustainable aquaculture practices
unprofitable aquaculture practices. When when compared to other energy sources 5-15 percent
confronting this situation the inclusion of Antimicrobial (Ardawi and Newsholme 1985; Roediger of soy (weight
Gustor Aqua in both fish and shrimp diets effect 1982, Roediger and Rae 1982), butyrate basis) should
stands out as a natural tool to stimulate The magnitude of the also stimulates insulin secretion, which in be included in
health and growth in aquaculture practices. beneficial effects of sodium turn exerts a stimulatory effect on intes- salmon diets in
Gustor Aqua contains sodium butyrate, butyrate is largely depend- tinal epithelium (Jordan and Phillips 1978). order to pre-
which is the sodium salt form of butyric ent on two factors; concen- As a result of improved villi development, vent enteritis,
acid. Butyric acid is a weak and short chain tration and pH. Each SCFA absorptive surface area is enlarged, leading thus limiting
fatty acid (SCFA) resulting from microbial has a pKa value, defined as to better nutrient utilisation and enhanced higher dietary
fermentation of mainly undigested dietary the pH at which the acid animal health status and performance. incorporation
carbohydrates, thus it is natu- is half dissociated, thus pH levels of this
rally produced and present determines the extent of Anti-inflammatory properties available source
ECOBIOL Aqua
a highly effective single strain probiotic
within the intestine of both dissociation/undissociation Figure 1: Dissociation/undissociation state of The increasing shortage of fish oil and of protein.
carnivorous and herbivorous of the acid (see Figure 1). butyric, formic and lactic acids fishmeal is motivating research towards the In this situ- GUSTOR Aqua
ation, sodium a natural growth promoter
fish (Holben et al 2002; The same as the undissoci- quest of alternative vegetable raw materials
Mountfort 2002). ated state of other SCFA, and their utilisation in aquaculture diets. Soy butyrate aris- BIOMET Aqua
Several publications have addressed the the butyric form is strongly lipophilic and the stomach pH of channel catfish ranges is a high protein ingredient with favourable es as a tool an organic mineral source
effects of SCFA and their salts on the capable to diffuse across the membrane of approximately from one to three proximally price and available in large quantities on a to prevent the
health and performance of fish show- gram negative bacteria (Gálfi and Bokori and from three to four distally, while pKa world-wide basis. development rl
Natuna trition
u
ing improvements in digestibility, growth 1990). Once inside the bacterial cytoplasm, values for butyric, lactic and formic acids The use of whole soybeans as dietary of soy-induced
performance and health (Lückstädt 2008). the more alkaline pH causes dissociation are 4.82, 3.83 and 3.77, respectively (Dibner ingredient is not recommended due to enteritis and For more information visit www.norel.es
These SCFA are commonly known by of the acid, resulting in two fatal inci- and Buttin 2002). Thus, these values suggest its high content of antinutrient factors allow for a
their specific antimicrobial activity, how- dents for the bacteria: pH decline (and the that while the degree of undissociation, (lecithin, saponins, allergenic proteins, etc.), more conven-
22 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2011 July-August 2011 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 23
ANUNCI 90X132.indd 1 27/06/11 18:24

3. his first degree, a BSc with Honours, from of Life Sciences in London on warm Professor Simon Davies in the feed technology MORE INFORMATION: Email: info@amandus-kahl-group.de
In 2010 George M Hall edited this book (Drying, InstituteandAquaculture explainedbasic rela-
Salting of Smoking), looking at fish funded by the Chinese duction, worldwide. The agree- 2 to 12 mm
Cardiff University in Wales. He quickly fol- water fish nutrition and breeding background: “I Holger Kuhlwein, Daniel Leeming, last year she
the
lab with
had close Government and
have and post-harvesting to right) ment will enable Chinese grad- Website: www.aqua.stir.ac.uk
Website: www.amandus-kahl-group.de
Fish, Processing, Sustainability, Opportunities tionships, drying, salting,Staggs, and Ben Eynon (left
Sam smoking
lowed that with an MSc in agricultural technology of tilapia.
Aqua News with contributions from S Kose, J C Ramirez-
Ramirez, K Shirai and K S Williams.
in fish smoking along with sustainability.
In later chapters subjects covered are sustainability of fermented
Aqua News
COMPLETE PLANTS AND MACHINES fish products, on INDUSTRY
This books looks to address the major challenges facing the global FOR THE FISH FEED board fish processing, fishmeal production and
PRODUCT SHOWCASE • PRODUCT SHOWCASE • PRODUCT SHOWCASE
A
Call for Papers announced:
seafood industry by addressing the issues of efficient raw material sustainability, utilization of fish processing by-products for bioac- Inver tebrates; Europe. It is an easy 2012 at the upcoming inaugu-
KAHL Extruder OEE
utilization, energy usage, environmental impact, water usage, pack- tive compounds and life cycle assessment of bulk packaging used
AQUA 2012: Global Aquaculture - Securing Our Future
Mar ine Shr imp; location to fly or drive ration of the South Bohemian
FIAAP Asia Conference 2012 to and the congress Brabender of Aquaculture
®
aging and transport among others. to transport fresh fish products: Case Study. G e n e r a l Research Center
for Fish Feed
It looks at the latest information on current technologies and This book has brought together a lot of information about the fish Finfish Culture; centre is close to the Extruder
and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses A
introduces new ideas and technologies. ● Flexible production has presented it in a clear and concise layout
processing industry and
● Flexible production Freshwater Fish centre, with excellent is one that we will not miss. Our
T
inthat is easy to follow and understand. I believe this book will become
Chapter of Directors of introductory chapter, which from the ● Hydraulically adjustable die and the image of aquaculture
one acts as an Republic capital, Prague, sets held Hydraulically adjustable die Brabender® Laboratory
H
he Boards ● Nice, France. The event Culture; Marine metro links stopping Institute staff members are young,
a valuable of toigh quality presen- ents and feed additives for Extruder motivated and
the European Aquaculture September background against which ● Productionassetfloating, who work and design future is what we
tone for the book by presenting the 1-5, 2012. comprises an international scien- activities. Our new technologies for
those slowly
● Production of floating, slowly Fish Culture; in front of the building dynamic and instruments we
fish processing will exist the AQUA events are co- tific sinking, and water stable pellets tations related it will be ofanimaluse to new growth,
Society (EAS) and the in The near future. It will also serve conference, anwater stable pellets of it now – great we alle-
the global fish processing industry and
sinking, and international make
to
how
health and
S e awe e d s ; and with an extremely will do used for research the
are our utmost to support S
advances in animal as students. m a n i p u l a t i o n o f
• the
Wor ld Aquaculture Society organised on specific and WAS and ● Fat contentworkshops% this field aspover ty; how we manage
as an introduction to later chapters by EAS processes tradeFat content upscientists%
● exhibition, up to 30 in
and upcoming to 30 for viate well Ornamentals; wide choice of luxury success development ”for
and of AQUA 2012.
● Pellet diameter 2 - 12 mm additives
feed ingredients and finished animal product
(WAS) have the pleasure to every six years, and AQUA 2012 aquaculturediameter 2 -forums our future resource needs and
● Pellet producers, 12 mm Aquaculture a n d bu d g e t h o t e l s F u r t hthan i50 o r m a Then o n
more e r n f years. t i o
are now invited for the FIAAP quality, optimizing avail- single- and twin-screw
especially how we educate, train
AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasseorganised Reinbek / Hamburg, Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100
5-9, D-21465 by students and by Economics; Animal within easy reach”. AQUA 2012 will be published
info@amandus-kahl-group.de, www.akahl.de Asia Conference 2012, to able raw materials, food extruder systems stand
ISBN: 978-1-4051-9047-3 the European Commission and manage knowledge for the Welfare, Health AQUA 2012 will be on the web sites of EAS and
take place February 16, 2012, chain safety, environmental
MIXING CONDITIONING PELLETING
Directorate General for research COOLING generation of aquaculture
EXTRUSION COATING next and Diseases; or ganised with the out for the low output of 0.1
WAS, with abstract submis-
Bangkok Thailand. DEADLINE: impact or physical pellet
and many other satellite work- researchers, producers and other Breeding and local par tner ship 25 kg/h. Electronically controlled,avail-
kg up to of sion and registr ation
September 1, 2012. quality.
shops and meetings. stakeholders. Genetics and the University canSouth able online improved, and
recipes of be developed and within the coming
An integral par t of FIAAP The 4th in the series of
July-August 2011 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | events
The previous AQUA 3 AQUA 2012 Programme co- other specialised topics. The pro- St Petersburg, Russia and sub- Bohemia, data home of Czechevaluated. Segmented screw
the the are statistically weeks.
ASIA 2012, the specialized feed FIAAP Conferences will take set ups allow for configurations which are adapted
each attracted more than 2000 chair s Marco Saroglia, José gramme therefore covers many sequently in Sharm El Sheikh, aquaculture and pond fisheries.
Active ingredients ingredients and additives event place Febr uar y 16, 2012
participants from over 50 coun- Polanco and Zdenek Adamek
will be the FIAAP Conference. at a new venue: the BICC,
tries, showing the global impor- have put together a vast pro-
High quality presentations are Bangkok, Thailand, in asso-
aspects of the global aquacul-
ture value chain for contribu-
Egypt, the approved location
in Prague is for me definitely
Professor the corresponding productORE INFORMATION:
to Otomar Linhart, Dean M and lead to optimum
of theresults. Different additionalAlistair Lane (like pressure
Faculty of Fisheries and modules
tance of aquaculture and specif- gramme of more than 50 tech- tion by authors from all over the not a ‘third choice’ location. We Protection of Waters at the devices, etc.) in combination with
transducer, dosing univer- European Aquaculture Society
for healthy fish ically this event.
now invited from qualified ciation with Victam Asia
nical sessions that will be open for
experts that deliver new infor- 2011.
The theme “Securing our abstract submission. Major pillars
mation to the feed industr y The deadline for presenta-
world.
Following the approval of
just hadn’t considered it in our
earliest discussions. After visiting
Brabender® extruders, can Email: a.lane@aquaculture.cc
sity expressed his support, saying be
“the University of South Bohemia of a
in a laboratory the basis Website: www.easonline.org
Future” has several aspects. It has of the technical programme the location by EAS and WAS Prague for the first time early is exceptionally proud productthe the Cooksey
successful final to host on John
worldwide, and particularly in tion submission is September market.
obvious implication in global and include Environment, Biodiversity Boards, Michael New OBE, Chair this year, I was taken in by its organisation of AQUA 2012 in World Aquaculture Society
Asia Pacific on: 1, 2012. Email: worldaqua@aol.com
BENEO-Animal Nutrition capitalizes on BENEO‘s unique expertise in theregional food security and aqua- and Climate Change; Aquaculture
food world. It offers a broad formulation of the AQUA 2012 Steering beauty and fascinated by the our country. This year, we are cel-
• feed range of Website: www.was.org
culture value placing aquaculture Cer tification; Aquaculture and
ingredients from a natural source that improve the nutritional and technologicaltrade, of fish food. It covers Committee commented: “After centuries-old tradition of aqua- ebrating the 90th birthday of the
• nutrient requirements
products in the global fisheries Human Health; INFORMATION:
speciality products such as vegetable proteins, functional carbohydrates and prebiotics from chicory. MORE Production somewhat delicate discussions culture, pond and water man- Research Institute of Fish Culture Mario Stael i
announcewww.BENEO-An.com Connecting nutritionaditional and novel Feedstuffs, Feeds and
that the AQUA 2012 succeeds the 2006 event in market. It also refers to and health
• tr
economic Systems;
protein sources
Suzi Dominy
Email: info@feedconferences.com
over the past two years with agement in the Czech Republic. and Hydrobiology and the chance MAREVENT w
event will take place in the Czech Florence, Italy and the 2000 event and environmental sustainability Feed additives; Molluscs & other our partners and authorities in Pr ague is at the centre of that we have to announce AQUA Email: Mario.Stael@Scarlet.be
• the application of ingredi- Website: www.feedconferences.com PRODUCT SHOWCASE • PRODUCT SHOWCASE • PRODUCT SHOWCASE
12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2011 July-August 2011 | INTERNATIONAL
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4. F: Gustor Aqua A hammer blow to your operating costs. The hammer mill Granulex™ is the new
diet was supplemented with 0.5kg dynamic grinding machine from Buhler. Designed for ultimate power, Granulex™
Gustor Aqua B92 per tonne of
feed and fed twice daily during 56 delivers high capacity grinding up to 75 t/h. Swiss-made reliability and supreme
days. Results (see Table 1) showed
significant improvements in weight ease of maintenance minimize downtime, so you can make maximum use of
gain (+35%), specific growth rate
(SGR) (+30%), feed conversion this productivity. It’s an investment in quality that is sure to show a rapid return –
ration (FCR) (-16%) and protein
efficiency ratio (PER) (+35%) rela-
and deliver a hammer blow to your operating costs. For more information, visit
tive to the non-supplemented diet. www.buhlergroup.com.
In a second trial conducted at
the College of Aquaculture and
Fisheries at Can Tho University
(Vietnam), a shrimp (Penaeus
monodon) diet was supple-
mented with one kg of Gustor
Aqua B-coated per tonne of Bühler AG, Feed & Biomass, CH-9240 Uzwil, Switzerland, T +41 71 955 11 11, F +41 71 955 28 96
feed and fed during two months. fu.buz@buhlergroup.com, www.buhlergroup.com
Coefficients of digestibility were
determined by the use of chro-
mic oxide as an inert marker.
resulted in reduced enteritis when com- B-coated contains 30-40 percent sodi- As shown in Table 2, the supplementa-
pared to the non-supplemented diet and in um butyrate protected with vegetable fat, tion of Gustor Aqua B-Coated significantly GranulexTM
similar growth rate when compared to the ensuring the delivery of sodium butyrate enhanced digestibility of drymatter (DMd)
same diet containing fish oil instead of soya to the lower tract, and consequently the (+12%), crude protein (CPd) (+5%) and High capacity
(Koppe 2009). trophic and anti-inflammatory properties energy (Ed) (7%), leading to numerical hammer mill.
on intestinal epithelium. improvements in weight gain, survival and
Forms B70 is the latest developed form, FCR.
Gustor Aqua is manufactured in three containing both 40 percent free and In both experiments, the observed Powerful 400 kW motor for high
30 percent positive outcomes can be attributed to capacity grinding.
Table 1: Effect of dietary supplementation of GUSTOR Aqua B92 (0.05%) on protected two facts derived from the use of sodium
performance parameters of catfish (P. hypohthalmus) s o d i u m butyrate; reduced pathogenic microbial Largest screen area of any 400 kW
butyrate load due to the antimicrobial effect and hammer mill reduces wear of
Initial Weight SGR and provid- enhanced nutrient utilisation due to the
FCR PER screens and hammers.
weight (g) gain (g) (% day)
ing anti- better intestinal absorptive surface area.
microbial, Screens and hammers designed for
Control 6.90 a 37.56 a 3.34 a 1.65 a 1.34 a trophic and Conclusions replacement by a single person in
GUSTOR Aqua anti-inflam- Current aquaculture practices less than 30 minutes.
6.75 a 50.68 b 4.32 b 1.39 b 1.81 b
B92 (0.05%) m a t o r y are exposed to high risk of disease
Means with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different p ro p e r t i e s
and reduced performance due to the Smooth running sliding doors on
(P<0.05) SGR: Specific growth rate / FCR: Feed conversion ratio / PER: Protein along the high stocking densities and use of both sides for fast and easy
efficiency ratio entire gas- plant-based diets. Thus, aquafeed for- maintenance.
trointesti- mulations must focus not only on
different forms: B92, B-Coated and BP70, nal tract nutritional specifications but also on Closed machine housing
each of them designed to deliver different the health status of digestive tract preventing dust settlements and
beneficial effects of sodium butyrate along Trial data and the resultant nutrient utilisation.
easy to clean, plain surfaces.
the different sections of the gastrointestinal The efficacy of dietary supplementation Gustor Aqua, by providing antimicro-
tract. of Gustor Aqua - in both B92 and B-Coated bial, trophic and anti-inflammatory
B92 is 92% free sodium butyrate, thus forms - on performance parameters have effects to the gastrointestinal tract,
maximising the antimicrobial activity as well been evaluated in different species. warrants reduced microbial competi-
as the intestinal epithelium development in In a trial carried out at Nong Lam University tion as well as enlarged and healthy
the upper tract of fish. (Vietnam), a catfish (Pangasius hypohthalmus) intestinal absorptive surface area.
This is reflected in optimal health
status and nutrient utilisation by the
Table 2: Effect of dietary supplementation of GUSTOR Aqua B-coated (0.1%) on digestibility and performance
parameters of shrimp (P. monodon) animal and consequently in increased
productivity (see Figure 2). Therefore,
DMd (%) CPd (%) Ed (%) Weigh gain (g) Survival (%)
Gustor Aqua is a natural and cost-
effective alternative that ensures safe
Control 64.90 a 85.20 a 78.10 a 13.67 90 and profitable production.
GUSTOR Aqua B-Coated (0.1%) 72.46 a 89.11 b 83.26 b 4.01 93
References
Means with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P<0.05) DMd: Dry matter
digestibility / CPd: Crude protein digestibility / Ed: energy digestibility / FCR: Feed conversion ratio Available on request
Innovations for a better world.
26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2011

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Breakthrough in
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Gustor Aqua:
An effective solution to optimise health status and
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