Alma Mahler was an Austrian socialite and composer who was married to famous composer Gustav Mahler. She had affairs with many prominent artists and composers of the time including Gustav Klimt, Oskar Kokoschka, and Walter Gropius. After Mahler's death, she married the architect Walter Gropius and poet Franz Werfel, fleeing Nazi persecution with Werfel before settling in the United States. Alma Mahler had a turbulent personal life and relationships with many of the notable figures of early 20th century modernist culture in Vienna and Europe.