Vietnam and Indonesia present opportunities for AJC's agricultural investment goals. Vietnam has a growing economy and middle class increasing demand for protein. AJC could import pork and beef to meet this demand. However, Vietnam has poor sanitation standards in its protein industries. By assisting Vietnamese farmers, AJC could both access the market and create long-term benefits. Indonesia has abundant seafood resources and is open to exports. AJC should export seafood to the growing U.S. market, leveraging Indonesia's bilateral relations and quality standards. While Thailand also presents opportunities, Vietnam and Indonesia have more favorable market access policies and alignment with AJC's objectives.
Case Study: Amazon.Com Evolution Of E RetailerDjadja Sardjana
This document analyzes the evolution of Amazon.com from its founding in 1994 as an online book retailer to a global e-commerce leader by the early 2000s. It describes Amazon's hyper-growth strategy of "getting big fast" by rapidly expanding into new product categories. However, this led to financial difficulties as Amazon struggled with high costs. The document examines Amazon's strategic responses, like focusing on personalization and listening to customers, to address its core problems and sustain long-term growth.
Chapter 1 How do you define emerging markets What are some of t.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1
How do you define emerging markets? What are some of the common characteristics?
Emerging markets are those markets in a transition phase from developing to developed markets due to rapid growth and industrialization. Hence, markets which have (a) started an economic reform process aimed at alleviating problems, for example, of poverty, poor infrastructure and overpopulation; (b) achieved a steady growth in gross national product (GNP) per capita; (c) increased integration in the global economy; may truly be called emerging economies.
In defining emerging markets, large populations, rapid growth in GDP as well as increased contribution to world trade can be identified. Increased contribution to the world economy can be observed in increased exports, imports, inward and outward foreign investments. Such markets are often associated by rapidly growing populations and younger populations.
Such markets are also identified by progressive economic reforms and expectations of accelerated economic expansion. High growth rates and industrialization also lead to urbanization in such markets. In parallel, income levels are often increasing rapidly.
Even though emerging markets are very different from each other in terms of culture, political and economic characteristics, market structures and demographic structures, some general trends can be identified in order to understand the rise of such markets, as well as opportunities and challenges presented by these markets.
What are some of the reasons for increased importance of emerging markets in the global economy?
Traditionally, the emerging market environment was characterized by protected domestic firms, high tariffs, weak institutions, conglomerates and business groups, and a turbulent climate. Towards the end of the twentieth century, emerging markets started to go through structural reforms in an attempt to create stability and growth. Due to such reforms, many emerging markets have stabilized their economies and started growing rapidly. As emerging markets adopt a relatively open approach to world trade, they are able to integrate with the global economy.
Increased contribution of emerging markets to world trade is one of the reasons which has led to the emphasis of emerging markets in the global economy. Many of such markets have become major exporters and the interdependency among developed and emerging markets have increased.
Liberalization has also augmented to the focus on emerging markets in the global economy as the markets present major opportunities for foreign investment. Economic growth rates of emerging markets are higher than those of developed economies. Hence, such markets often present better prospects in terms of planning future investments. In parallel, policy reforms in these markets leading to improved fiscal and monetary policies, as well as stronger financial markets, have reduced volatility significantly. Hence, the rise of such countries as potential ...
The document discusses opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness sector. It notes that Vietnam has progressed from chronic food shortages to becoming a leading exporter of agricultural commodities. However, the agribusiness sector still focuses on low-margin exports rather than processed foods. The summary examines trends driving long-term food demand, including rising global population and incomes, as well as China's increasing demand. It also mentions that agribusiness accounts for over 18% of Vietnam's listed market cap, indicating opportunities for listed companies.
Import Substitution Vs Export Orientation; Case Study of Korean EconomyHisahito Shinno
Countries that pursued an import substitution strategy saw slower economic growth than those with an outward-looking trade policy. Import substitution led to inefficient domestic industries protected behind trade barriers, worsening balance of payments, and inhibited growth of linkages between industries. In contrast, countries like South Korea that emphasized export promotion through strategic industry protection and alliances between government and business saw rapid economic development, transforming from poverty to high income in a generation through competitive manufactured exports.
This document provides an outline for Chapter 7 of a textbook on international trade. The chapter discusses how governments influence trade through various policies and instruments. It begins with an opening case study on textile trade restrictions between the US, Europe and other countries. The chapter then outlines the economic and noneconomic rationales governments use to intervene in trade, including protecting domestic industries and managing balance of payments. Finally, it examines the major instruments governments use to restrict or regulate trade, such as tariffs, subsidies, quotas and other nontariff barriers that directly or indirectly influence prices and quantities traded.
Vietnam Agribusiness: From farm to chopsticks Alex Pham, PhD
This document discusses trends in the global agricultural sector and opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness industry. It notes that global population growth, rising incomes, and demand for animal proteins are putting pressure on the global food supply. Vietnam has progressed from chronic food shortages to becoming a leading exporter of agricultural commodities. However, its agribusiness sector faces challenges of low yields, high costs, and deficiencies in processing and distribution. The document analyzes opportunities and companies along Vietnam's agribusiness value chain, from farm inputs to distribution. It believes macro trends in the global food market are revealing opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness.
Understanding the Importance of Import and Export to a Country.pdfPL Global
Import and export are the lifeblood of international trade, fueling a country's economic engine. Exports bring in foreign currency, boosting growth and creating jobs. Imports provide access to goods and resources unavailable domestically, raising living standards. Striking a healthy balance between imports and exports is crucial for overall economic well-being.
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with .docxgreg1eden90113
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with Focus on China and Singapore
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with Focus on China and Singapore
Regional Economic Integration and Economic Cooperation
The Asian region is among the leading international economic powerhouses due to its economic potential and size with countries such as China and Singapore dominating the region. Nonetheless, the capacity constraints in various Asian nations and the diversity of the continent complicate the efforts to create a unified market in the Far East. Achieving success in Asia's regional economic integration requires high commitment levels among the member countries in addition to the effective implementation of various initiatives to facilitate economic cooperation (Rillo & Cruz, 2016). I consider China and Singapore as significant players in the global and Asian economies due to their volumes of traded goods and investments in their local and foreign markets. For instance, China leads in the Asian continent, and its economy is the second largest in the world based on its nominal gross domestic product as an indicator of market performance. On the other hand, Singapore's highly developed economy is among the most rapidly growing in the world, and this has allowed the country from a third-world nation into a developed country in about five decades. I also observe that variations scope and breadth exist in regional economic integration, and the economic integration in the East Asia region initially assumed a market-oriented cooperation process before transforming into an economic integration drive.
My understanding is that a trade bloc refers to a form of an agreement between different governments that reduce or eliminate trade barriers to increase trade volumes among the member states. I have also learned that the trade blocs can exist as independent agreements between specific countries or form components of regional organizations. The trade blocs can further be categorized as monetary and economic unions, common markets, customs unions, free trade areas, and preferential trading areas. In Asia, the intergovernmental agreements have resulted in some regional trade agreements as well as the formation of the ASEAN trading bloc. I noted that China and Singapore are currently members of the Association of South-East Nations trading block alongside eight other countries in Southeast Asia. The primary objectives of ASEAN include the facilitation of sociocultural, educational, military, political, and economic integration as well as promoting intergovernmental cooperation in the region (Berman & Haque, 2015). The first stated aim of ASEAN is enhancing the competitiveness of the region in the international market as a production base by eliminating non-tariff and tariff barriers within the member states. The second aim of ASEAN is increasing the volume of FDI's to the Southeast Asia .
Case Study: Amazon.Com Evolution Of E RetailerDjadja Sardjana
This document analyzes the evolution of Amazon.com from its founding in 1994 as an online book retailer to a global e-commerce leader by the early 2000s. It describes Amazon's hyper-growth strategy of "getting big fast" by rapidly expanding into new product categories. However, this led to financial difficulties as Amazon struggled with high costs. The document examines Amazon's strategic responses, like focusing on personalization and listening to customers, to address its core problems and sustain long-term growth.
Chapter 1 How do you define emerging markets What are some of t.docxtidwellveronique
Chapter 1
How do you define emerging markets? What are some of the common characteristics?
Emerging markets are those markets in a transition phase from developing to developed markets due to rapid growth and industrialization. Hence, markets which have (a) started an economic reform process aimed at alleviating problems, for example, of poverty, poor infrastructure and overpopulation; (b) achieved a steady growth in gross national product (GNP) per capita; (c) increased integration in the global economy; may truly be called emerging economies.
In defining emerging markets, large populations, rapid growth in GDP as well as increased contribution to world trade can be identified. Increased contribution to the world economy can be observed in increased exports, imports, inward and outward foreign investments. Such markets are often associated by rapidly growing populations and younger populations.
Such markets are also identified by progressive economic reforms and expectations of accelerated economic expansion. High growth rates and industrialization also lead to urbanization in such markets. In parallel, income levels are often increasing rapidly.
Even though emerging markets are very different from each other in terms of culture, political and economic characteristics, market structures and demographic structures, some general trends can be identified in order to understand the rise of such markets, as well as opportunities and challenges presented by these markets.
What are some of the reasons for increased importance of emerging markets in the global economy?
Traditionally, the emerging market environment was characterized by protected domestic firms, high tariffs, weak institutions, conglomerates and business groups, and a turbulent climate. Towards the end of the twentieth century, emerging markets started to go through structural reforms in an attempt to create stability and growth. Due to such reforms, many emerging markets have stabilized their economies and started growing rapidly. As emerging markets adopt a relatively open approach to world trade, they are able to integrate with the global economy.
Increased contribution of emerging markets to world trade is one of the reasons which has led to the emphasis of emerging markets in the global economy. Many of such markets have become major exporters and the interdependency among developed and emerging markets have increased.
Liberalization has also augmented to the focus on emerging markets in the global economy as the markets present major opportunities for foreign investment. Economic growth rates of emerging markets are higher than those of developed economies. Hence, such markets often present better prospects in terms of planning future investments. In parallel, policy reforms in these markets leading to improved fiscal and monetary policies, as well as stronger financial markets, have reduced volatility significantly. Hence, the rise of such countries as potential ...
The document discusses opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness sector. It notes that Vietnam has progressed from chronic food shortages to becoming a leading exporter of agricultural commodities. However, the agribusiness sector still focuses on low-margin exports rather than processed foods. The summary examines trends driving long-term food demand, including rising global population and incomes, as well as China's increasing demand. It also mentions that agribusiness accounts for over 18% of Vietnam's listed market cap, indicating opportunities for listed companies.
Import Substitution Vs Export Orientation; Case Study of Korean EconomyHisahito Shinno
Countries that pursued an import substitution strategy saw slower economic growth than those with an outward-looking trade policy. Import substitution led to inefficient domestic industries protected behind trade barriers, worsening balance of payments, and inhibited growth of linkages between industries. In contrast, countries like South Korea that emphasized export promotion through strategic industry protection and alliances between government and business saw rapid economic development, transforming from poverty to high income in a generation through competitive manufactured exports.
This document provides an outline for Chapter 7 of a textbook on international trade. The chapter discusses how governments influence trade through various policies and instruments. It begins with an opening case study on textile trade restrictions between the US, Europe and other countries. The chapter then outlines the economic and noneconomic rationales governments use to intervene in trade, including protecting domestic industries and managing balance of payments. Finally, it examines the major instruments governments use to restrict or regulate trade, such as tariffs, subsidies, quotas and other nontariff barriers that directly or indirectly influence prices and quantities traded.
Vietnam Agribusiness: From farm to chopsticks Alex Pham, PhD
This document discusses trends in the global agricultural sector and opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness industry. It notes that global population growth, rising incomes, and demand for animal proteins are putting pressure on the global food supply. Vietnam has progressed from chronic food shortages to becoming a leading exporter of agricultural commodities. However, its agribusiness sector faces challenges of low yields, high costs, and deficiencies in processing and distribution. The document analyzes opportunities and companies along Vietnam's agribusiness value chain, from farm inputs to distribution. It believes macro trends in the global food market are revealing opportunities in Vietnam's agribusiness.
Understanding the Importance of Import and Export to a Country.pdfPL Global
Import and export are the lifeblood of international trade, fueling a country's economic engine. Exports bring in foreign currency, boosting growth and creating jobs. Imports provide access to goods and resources unavailable domestically, raising living standards. Striking a healthy balance between imports and exports is crucial for overall economic well-being.
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with .docxgreg1eden90113
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with Focus on China and Singapore
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Analysis of the Monetary Systems and International Finance with Focus on China and Singapore
Regional Economic Integration and Economic Cooperation
The Asian region is among the leading international economic powerhouses due to its economic potential and size with countries such as China and Singapore dominating the region. Nonetheless, the capacity constraints in various Asian nations and the diversity of the continent complicate the efforts to create a unified market in the Far East. Achieving success in Asia's regional economic integration requires high commitment levels among the member countries in addition to the effective implementation of various initiatives to facilitate economic cooperation (Rillo & Cruz, 2016). I consider China and Singapore as significant players in the global and Asian economies due to their volumes of traded goods and investments in their local and foreign markets. For instance, China leads in the Asian continent, and its economy is the second largest in the world based on its nominal gross domestic product as an indicator of market performance. On the other hand, Singapore's highly developed economy is among the most rapidly growing in the world, and this has allowed the country from a third-world nation into a developed country in about five decades. I also observe that variations scope and breadth exist in regional economic integration, and the economic integration in the East Asia region initially assumed a market-oriented cooperation process before transforming into an economic integration drive.
My understanding is that a trade bloc refers to a form of an agreement between different governments that reduce or eliminate trade barriers to increase trade volumes among the member states. I have also learned that the trade blocs can exist as independent agreements between specific countries or form components of regional organizations. The trade blocs can further be categorized as monetary and economic unions, common markets, customs unions, free trade areas, and preferential trading areas. In Asia, the intergovernmental agreements have resulted in some regional trade agreements as well as the formation of the ASEAN trading bloc. I noted that China and Singapore are currently members of the Association of South-East Nations trading block alongside eight other countries in Southeast Asia. The primary objectives of ASEAN include the facilitation of sociocultural, educational, military, political, and economic integration as well as promoting intergovernmental cooperation in the region (Berman & Haque, 2015). The first stated aim of ASEAN is enhancing the competitiveness of the region in the international market as a production base by eliminating non-tariff and tariff barriers within the member states. The second aim of ASEAN is increasing the volume of FDI's to the Southeast Asia .
The document provides an overview of business concepts and economic systems. It discusses the key factors of production, different types of economic systems including planned and market economies, and characteristics of the US mixed market economy. The US system uses private enterprise, markets, supply and demand, and varies levels of competition. Economic goals include stability, full employment, and growth, which are assessed using measures like GDP, productivity, and balance of trade. Government policies around fiscal and monetary policies help manage the economy.
Capital formation is a key determinant of economic development according to the document. Higher capital formation leads to greater productive capacity and higher national income. Capital formation depends on income, savings, and investment. Natural resources also play an important role if they are utilized fully. Other factors discussed include marketable agricultural surplus, conditions of foreign trade, economic systems, human capital formation, technical know-how, education, infrastructure, political stability, and reduction of corruption.
This document contains a marketing plan for Juhayna Juice. It includes a situational analysis with a SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It also includes a competitive analysis and market analysis. The marketing plan then outlines marketing objectives and strategies including segmentation, targeting, positioning, and a perceptual map. Finally, it discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion strategies and includes a budget.
This document provides an overview of business systems and economics. It discusses key concepts like economic systems, factors of production, and different types of market structures. It also summarizes the US economic system, including how supply and demand determine prices through equilibrium. Private enterprise, competition, and evaluating economic goals of stability, employment and growth are also covered at a high level.
The document discusses opportunities for investment in China's consumer economy in 2009 amidst the global financial crisis. It predicts that China will successfully transform to a domestic consumption-driven model through government stimulus measures and private sector reforms. Key trends driving future consumer demand include urbanization, growth of the middle class, and increased internet usage. Recommended investment themes focus on emerging niche brands, urban retail and services, direct-to-consumer services, and branded consumer products along the evolving retail value chain.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Impact of WTO Accession - An analysisDr. Oliver Massmann
The document discusses the impact of Vietnam's accession to the WTO in several key areas:
1. The economy experienced both opportunities in the form of increased trade and investment, as well as challenges in adapting industries to greater competition.
2. Specific industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and services underwent shifts towards higher technology and quality in order to compete internationally.
3. Socially, the accession created jobs but also increased inequality as some groups had more difficulty adapting to changes. Appropriate government policies helped address issues.
4. Compliance with WTO commitments and international trade law became important factors in Vietnam's policymaking and economic integration onto the global stage.
This document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of free trade agreements (FTAs) according to an analysis of economic data from European Union countries. It finds that while FTAs aim to increase trade and economic growth, they can also lead to issues like rising unemployment, loss of domestic industry competitiveness, economic instability from global market dependencies, and reductions in government tax revenues. The analysis of EU country data shows that increased exports did not necessarily reduce unemployment as expected, and that FTAs may not be the best option for developing countries facing challenges funding government programs.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Agriculture Business FARMING SUSTAINABLE FU...Dr. Oliver Massmann
This document discusses issues and recommendations regarding sustainable agriculture in Vietnam. It addresses concerns around the draft decree on foreign agricultural investment, modernization of Vietnam's small-holder agricultural system, and food safety standards. Key recommendations include making the draft decree more specific, conducting surveys to define effective incentives, encouraging cooperation among farmers to allow for mechanization, improving access to financing, and creating a more level playing field for all agricultural stakeholders. The overall goal is to upgrade Vietnam's agricultural sector through increased investment, technology adoption, and compliance with international food safety standards.
Vietnam – Bloomberg asking Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann on investment tr...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Foreign investment in Vietnam is growing due to the country's deeper economic integration through trade agreements like the TPP and FTAs, reforms that have opened the economy, and recovery from the global economic downturn. Major trends in 2016 include restructuring of banks and state-owned enterprises through mergers and acquisitions. To attract more foreign investment and ensure this trend continues, the Vietnamese government needs to demonstrate its commitment to trade agreements by reforming public investment procedures and improving dispute resolution. It should also address non-performing loans, support the private sector, improve education and job training, and streamline customs and tax procedures to create a more efficient business environment.
Import substitution policies attempt to reduce a country's reliance on imports by promoting local production of goods, especially industrial products. While this strategy led to some successes in agriculture in countries like Sri Lanka, allowing industries to develop without international competition generally led to inefficiencies and unsustainable debt. Most analyses of India's import substitution policies found that the strategy's heavy protectionism, price controls, and lack of incentives for innovation imposed serious supply-side constraints on long-term industrial and economic growth.
This document provides an overview of strategic management and recommendations for Pakistani industries in response to globalization challenges. It discusses the global and Pakistani economies, history and causes of globalization, positive and negative effects of globalization, and challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Specific industries discussed include agriculture, textiles, leather, sports goods, and energy. The document recommends strategies for Pakistani industries to improve competitiveness, promote value-added exports, diversify markets, and develop human and technological capabilities to better position Pakistan in the globalized world.
This document discusses Pakistan's experience with import substitution and export promotion trade strategies over several decades. It begins by outlining the theoretical underpinnings of each approach and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The document then analyzes Pakistan's shifting trade policies from the post-WWII period to present, noting it has pursued both import substitution and export promotion at different times but without a consistent strategy. While liberalization in recent decades achieved some export growth, Pakistan has lagged behind its potential. The document concludes that Pakistan has yet to find the right balance between the two approaches for sustained growth.
The GCC food retail sector is fragmented with many small, local retailers. However, the sector is gradually consolidating with international and domestic retailers competing for market share. Large hypermarkets are expected to dominate the future landscape, with further consolidation seen as imminent. The top retailers currently hold 13% of the market in Saudi Arabia and 36% in the UAE. Regional players have engaged in M&A activity to maintain market share against international competitors. Family businesses in the fragmented GCC market face challenges from global players and may need to collaborate or restructure to remain competitive.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
The document provides an overview of business concepts and economic systems. It discusses the key factors of production, different types of economic systems including planned and market economies, and characteristics of the US mixed market economy. The US system uses private enterprise, markets, supply and demand, and varies levels of competition. Economic goals include stability, full employment, and growth, which are assessed using measures like GDP, productivity, and balance of trade. Government policies around fiscal and monetary policies help manage the economy.
Capital formation is a key determinant of economic development according to the document. Higher capital formation leads to greater productive capacity and higher national income. Capital formation depends on income, savings, and investment. Natural resources also play an important role if they are utilized fully. Other factors discussed include marketable agricultural surplus, conditions of foreign trade, economic systems, human capital formation, technical know-how, education, infrastructure, political stability, and reduction of corruption.
This document contains a marketing plan for Juhayna Juice. It includes a situational analysis with a SWOT analysis and PESTEL analysis identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It also includes a competitive analysis and market analysis. The marketing plan then outlines marketing objectives and strategies including segmentation, targeting, positioning, and a perceptual map. Finally, it discusses the marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion strategies and includes a budget.
This document provides an overview of business systems and economics. It discusses key concepts like economic systems, factors of production, and different types of market structures. It also summarizes the US economic system, including how supply and demand determine prices through equilibrium. Private enterprise, competition, and evaluating economic goals of stability, employment and growth are also covered at a high level.
The document discusses opportunities for investment in China's consumer economy in 2009 amidst the global financial crisis. It predicts that China will successfully transform to a domestic consumption-driven model through government stimulus measures and private sector reforms. Key trends driving future consumer demand include urbanization, growth of the middle class, and increased internet usage. Recommended investment themes focus on emerging niche brands, urban retail and services, direct-to-consumer services, and branded consumer products along the evolving retail value chain.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Impact of WTO Accession - An analysisDr. Oliver Massmann
The document discusses the impact of Vietnam's accession to the WTO in several key areas:
1. The economy experienced both opportunities in the form of increased trade and investment, as well as challenges in adapting industries to greater competition.
2. Specific industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and services underwent shifts towards higher technology and quality in order to compete internationally.
3. Socially, the accession created jobs but also increased inequality as some groups had more difficulty adapting to changes. Appropriate government policies helped address issues.
4. Compliance with WTO commitments and international trade law became important factors in Vietnam's policymaking and economic integration onto the global stage.
This document summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of free trade agreements (FTAs) according to an analysis of economic data from European Union countries. It finds that while FTAs aim to increase trade and economic growth, they can also lead to issues like rising unemployment, loss of domestic industry competitiveness, economic instability from global market dependencies, and reductions in government tax revenues. The analysis of EU country data shows that increased exports did not necessarily reduce unemployment as expected, and that FTAs may not be the best option for developing countries facing challenges funding government programs.
Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann Agriculture Business FARMING SUSTAINABLE FU...Dr. Oliver Massmann
This document discusses issues and recommendations regarding sustainable agriculture in Vietnam. It addresses concerns around the draft decree on foreign agricultural investment, modernization of Vietnam's small-holder agricultural system, and food safety standards. Key recommendations include making the draft decree more specific, conducting surveys to define effective incentives, encouraging cooperation among farmers to allow for mechanization, improving access to financing, and creating a more level playing field for all agricultural stakeholders. The overall goal is to upgrade Vietnam's agricultural sector through increased investment, technology adoption, and compliance with international food safety standards.
Vietnam – Bloomberg asking Lawyer in Vietnam Oliver Massmann on investment tr...Dr. Oliver Massmann
Foreign investment in Vietnam is growing due to the country's deeper economic integration through trade agreements like the TPP and FTAs, reforms that have opened the economy, and recovery from the global economic downturn. Major trends in 2016 include restructuring of banks and state-owned enterprises through mergers and acquisitions. To attract more foreign investment and ensure this trend continues, the Vietnamese government needs to demonstrate its commitment to trade agreements by reforming public investment procedures and improving dispute resolution. It should also address non-performing loans, support the private sector, improve education and job training, and streamline customs and tax procedures to create a more efficient business environment.
Import substitution policies attempt to reduce a country's reliance on imports by promoting local production of goods, especially industrial products. While this strategy led to some successes in agriculture in countries like Sri Lanka, allowing industries to develop without international competition generally led to inefficiencies and unsustainable debt. Most analyses of India's import substitution policies found that the strategy's heavy protectionism, price controls, and lack of incentives for innovation imposed serious supply-side constraints on long-term industrial and economic growth.
This document provides an overview of strategic management and recommendations for Pakistani industries in response to globalization challenges. It discusses the global and Pakistani economies, history and causes of globalization, positive and negative effects of globalization, and challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Specific industries discussed include agriculture, textiles, leather, sports goods, and energy. The document recommends strategies for Pakistani industries to improve competitiveness, promote value-added exports, diversify markets, and develop human and technological capabilities to better position Pakistan in the globalized world.
This document discusses Pakistan's experience with import substitution and export promotion trade strategies over several decades. It begins by outlining the theoretical underpinnings of each approach and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The document then analyzes Pakistan's shifting trade policies from the post-WWII period to present, noting it has pursued both import substitution and export promotion at different times but without a consistent strategy. While liberalization in recent decades achieved some export growth, Pakistan has lagged behind its potential. The document concludes that Pakistan has yet to find the right balance between the two approaches for sustained growth.
The GCC food retail sector is fragmented with many small, local retailers. However, the sector is gradually consolidating with international and domestic retailers competing for market share. Large hypermarkets are expected to dominate the future landscape, with further consolidation seen as imminent. The top retailers currently hold 13% of the market in Saudi Arabia and 36% in the UAE. Regional players have engaged in M&A activity to maintain market share against international competitors. Family businesses in the fragmented GCC market face challenges from global players and may need to collaborate or restructure to remain competitive.
Similar to AJC International Risk Analysis (Paper) (15)
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Recruiting in the Digital Age: A Social Media MasterclassLuanWise
In this masterclass, presented at the Global HR Summit on 5th June 2024, Luan Wise explored the essential features of social media platforms that support talent acquisition, including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok.
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
Holger Mueller of Constellation Research shares his key takeaways from SAP's Sapphire confernece, held in Orlando, June 3rd till 5th 2024, in the Orange Convention Center.
Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
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Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
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• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
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AJC International Risk Analysis (Paper)
1. Marvin Siclait
Dr. Brown
POLS 4900
6 December 17
AJC Country Report:
Vision/Goal
Our goal is to optimize our investment by finding the best emerging market to either
import or export proteins. It would be in our interest to implement a long term strategy to insure
we receive the most value from our new operation. In other words, we should be willing to
actively assist an agricultural community to make the local industry more competitive and thus
our business. Focusing in on locations that may require active assistance will allow for easier
access to the market and the ability to take part in it’s potential future lucrativeness.
KDF (Key Decision Factors)
Because of the nature of our business, our decision factors are vastly dependent on the
market of our future endeavor, more specifically, the strength and accessibility. Next, we should
focus on qualities of the new location’s government —things like political stability and absence
of violence, control of corruption, and U.S relations. Finally we should also be willing to
leverage the quality of the logistical features, namely infrastructure, technology, and geolocation.
Regardless of the potential to make money, it would be difficult to do without having
access to our product, so the most import thing to leverage is market access to proteins. We’re
looking for a place that has relatively low barriers to trade and friendly policies toward foreign
participation in the market. Also, given the government’s ability to restrict or enhance the
market, we should be looking for the place with relative ease of doing business, stability, and the
least corruption. Ensuring that all these factors are sufficient will allow us to penetrate the market
and retain more wealth from our investment.
2. But besides getting access to the market, we’re interested in the opportunities it can yield.
A strong market is profitable and more evenly distributes the benefits to all it’s participant, so the
next place we want to invest will have a growing middle class and relatively large GDP growth.
The presence of a growing middle class indicates new consuming markets since there is an
increase in disposable income. The GDP growth indicates that different sectors of the market are
growing, which create new opportunity for investment, however, our company is more interested
in the growth of agricultural sectors, more specifically, the potential to supply international
demand for protein, or the potential to require imported protein to meet domestic demand.
Lastly, since our business requires us to transport the proteins we sell, we’re concerned
about moving our product from location to location. Other than the barriers to trade covered in
the market access, we’re looking for a place with great port access, technology/equipment, and
infrastructure to transport the products we either pick up or drop off.
See KDF Weights Below:
Markets …………………..75%
- Access ….50%
- Strength….25%
Governance ………………15%%
Logistics …………………..10%
A plethora of factors have spurred development and cause the economies of Vietnam,
Indonesia, and Thailand to grow over the past few years. Along with the ease of accessing their
markets , the relative strength of these countries’ economies have made them viable locations for
starting new business. All three of the countries fair similar to another under economic
overviews. However, in regards to our agricultural concerns, highlighting Vietnams’ economic
polices and strategy then contrasting them to Indonesia and Thailand’s, we will find Vietnam
buds the potential for our future investment, namely to import meats, however, Indonesia is also
in a beneficial position to export seafood.
3. Vietnam’ Economic Overview:
The conflicting ideologies of communism and capitalism have murmured through the political
and economic climate of Vietnam since the start of the 20th century. The reminisce of a former
colony division of labor left Vietnam’s original source of revenue (agriculture) to the south and
introduced manufacturing and industry the north.The attractive returns from selling agricultural
goods on the free market lead the south to adapt a capitalist mindset, on the other hand, the need
for manufacturing labor drove the north to adopt more statist strategies. Ultimately, communism
ended up presiding as Vietnam’s political system. As a result, Vietnam has a large amount of
extractive institutions to benefit the state, so their markets were relatively closed off, however,
the poor economic results lead the communist party to move towards capitalist strategies. As the
country has been gaining wealth, they have started making the economy more inclusive. With
accolades like adopting globalism and officially joining the WTO, Vietnam today has moved
more away from radical community economic ideology. Their new lens leans towards a
individual contemporary liberal ideology, specifically when it comes to free trade. During the
80’s there was an ideological political reform that lead the government to employ their socialist
oriented market strategy, which is in essence mercantilism. Like China, the communist
government is hoping to boost the economy, but retain highly centralized government authority.
Regardless, Vietnam’s market is much more open and even allows for a great amount of
foreign participation, especially in agriculture. E.g., according to export.gov “foreign
participation in this sector…is allowed without equity limitations,” i.e., foreigners are allowed to
own and do business in Vietnam, but of course not without consent of the Ministry Of Trade and
other local offices of authority. Also,
4. “Vietnamese traders are entitled to (I) export goods of all kinds, except goods on the list of those
banned from export, and (II) import goods according to the business lines stated in their business
registration certificates.” - export.gov
Most importantly, Vietnam has participated in a fantastic agricultural relationship with the U.S..
Strong bilateral trade agreements and the encouragement of foreign participation will allow for
easily importing beef and pork into the market, which because of the prosperous Vietnamese
economic conditions, is fortunate for our business operation.
Vietnam Economic Strength & Growth:
The countries wealth has grown tremendously over the past decade (see slide 9).
tradingeconomics.com says “GDP Growth Rate in Vietnam averaged 6.19 percent from 2000
until 2017, reaching an all time high of 8.46 percent in the fourth quarter of 2007 and a record
low of 3.14 percent in the first quarter of 2009.” The surge in the economy has flourished a
growing middle class, which resulted to a large increase in disposable incomes and consumption,
for example, export.gov references “rising incomes should also lead to a more diverse diet for
many Vietnamese, thus increasing demand for many foods and drinks not yet readily available or
locally produced.”
Consumption:
In addition, Vietnam is not able to produce our satisfy the demand from he rise in
disposable income with their own agricultural production. A fact to support the potential success
of our import strategy is their need for meat, for instance export.gov says, “Vietnam
has limited available pasture land to develop a beef industry large enough to meet the
growing demand…[a]ccordingly, Vietnam’s total beef imports have risen in the past three years.
” More importantly, the demand for pork (which we should focus on selling) has risen along with
beef, but pork is more than half of Vietnamese total meat consumption, so there is a lot of
5. potential in the investment. Analogously, poultry demand has also risen, however, recently it
seems Vietnam is attempting to instill a what seems like an import substitution tactic. “In 2015
and early 2016 Vietnam importers reported continued pressure on the veracity of U.S. chicken
meat prices and financial losses due to Vietnamese Customs authorities using reference prices to
calculate higher import duties,” perhaps a method to protect and develop their poultry industry?
But still, Vietnam’s domestic poultry industry is not efficient enough to meet local demand, so
there is still an opportunity to sell chicken, however, this alludes towards a larger problem that
our company can leverage (see slide 12).
Shared Value:
Vietnam has a large problem with sanitation, particularly in proteins (see slide 11), which
is beneficial to our company because “U.S. food products are favored by consumers for their
high quality, safety, innovation and consistent supply. Exports of high value and consumer-
oriented U.S. agricultural and food products to Vietnam have seen rapid growth in recent years.”
The country’s poor quality growth has remained stagnant of over the years. We have an
opportunity to provide more sanitary chicken, as well as, partner with groups to help make the
farming industry more competitive and ad value to the area. As Porter & Kramer would say, “by
increasing access to inputs, sharing technology, and providing financing, companies can improve
supplier quality and productivity while ensuring access to growing volume” (Porter & Kramer,
7). If our company is willing to help reconceive the market and actively assist the meat
industries farmers with their problem of sanitation, we can create more long term opportunities
in the future from the competitive market. Another area that will need to be invested into is
infrastructure. According to the LPI index, Vietnam currently has the worst in logistical
6. infrastructure, but Indonesia and Thailand aren’t much better. In addition , Vietnam has great
coastlines and port access, which is really conducive to how we sell protein.
Thailand:
Still, a point of opposition may reference how Thailand appears as a better point of entry
for our new location, moreover, because of the macro implications of their barriers to trade and
foreign participation, it could be said Thailand fares better than Vietnam (see slide 10), however,
Thailand regularly practices import substitution and has remained an almost entirely export
economy. In regards to agriculture, it’s one of Thailand leading domestic industries and they
seek to protect their nationals with barriers, particularly non tariff barriers (see slide 10). “ While
Thailand’s average [tariff ]..rate averaged 10.7 percent in 2014, ad valorem tariffs can be as high
as 50 to 80 percent, and the ad valorem equivalent of some specific tariffs (charged mostly on
agricultural products) is even higher.” In contrast, Vietnam may have a slightly higher average
tariff rater ranting from 15-20% (export.gov, Market Access), but their ad valorem tariffs
average around 8% (worldbank.org, Vietnam Tariff Schedule). Aside from market factors,
Thailand is not the most politically sound, e.g., in the past few years the country has gone under
a political coup and the country is currently under military rule of the NCPO (National Council
for Peace and Order). In short, Thailand may have some appealing characteristics, but for our
business Vietnam is a better.
Indonesia:
Nonetheless, when it comes to Indonesia, they seem like a very good potential place for
investment on a macro analysis of the market as well, however, a large cultural barrier is the
abundance of Muslims. Moreover, there is a huge domestic demand for the proteins we sell, but
do to religious beliefs, meat must be prepared and slaughtered through the Halal process, which
7. is comparable to how devout Jewish followers are required to eat Kosher. More steps are
required to have a sellable product, but that doesn’t seem to be the only reason stopping foreign
imports. Although democratization is spreading, due to the large amount of corruption and
extractive institutions, Indonesia can still be classified as a neo-patrimonial state, in addition,
Indonesia uses this cultural barrier as an excuse to further protect their domestic market, which is
a common“trend toward protectionism [that] enjoys broad political support in Jakarta, and is
likely to continue under President Jokowi” (Rianto Patunru and Sjamsu Rahardja). It would
prove to tough to penetrate Indonesia’s domestic market, however, the country’s large
agricultural industry may provide other opportunities. There is an abundance of fisheries and
seafood in the numerous islands of Indonesia. Fortunately, in regards to exporting, the country is
very open to supporting their domestic sellers with international demand. Also, because of the
constant trade of American services for Indonesian goods, there is a great bilateral relationship
between the two countries, which means there is a great opportunity to export seafood to our
U.S. customers, especially since American domestic shrimp consumption is steadily on the rise.
E.g., “ U.S. shrimp imports…average annual growth rate of 3.3%.” Also, there is an established
consuming market thriving on an external supply… “U.S. shrimp consumers rely heavily on
imports, which provided 93% of the total supply in 2011” (Xiaojin Wang). Supply to the US
from Indonesia should also be easy because of how strict the are about demanding quality
domestic goods. According to export.gov profile report, “The Indonesian government and related
industrial players have been very active in formulating standards for products and services.”
Conclusion:
8. Based off the current status of each countries’ market, governance, and logistics, AJC has
determined that Vietnam will allow for the most opportunity to sell protein domestically and
Indonesia will allow for the best potential to export seafoods.
Vietnam proved to have assimilated toward more open market policies, which stimulated
economic growth and a growing middle class. The extra disposable wages in Vietnam have
driven the countries demand for previous non consuming markets, which has created a unique
opportunity to supply proteins. In addition, Indonesia is also moving toward more liberal
polices, so they may be a designation to import to in the future, however, the country is devoted
to increasing it’s domestic industries, especially agriculture, which creates a great opportunity to
leverage their abundant amount of quality seafood, bilateral relations, and the U.S.’s domestic
demand.
Slides:
9.
10. Bibliography
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