Brief article on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning on the Security Sector. We review the fundamentals of AI Security before providing a quick review of key sectors. Finally we provide a speculative set of scenarios for 2030, 2050, 2075 & 2100 regarding the possible future evolution of artificial intelligence. This includes a short assessment of the risks that autonomous AI tools bring that could prove to be an existential risk to Human Life, Culture & Society. This year will be 50 years since I started my own PhD into AI - "Stochastic Machine Learning" at Cambridge University Statistical Laboratory which is part of the Department of Mathematics. Enjoy!

2. *** AI MEETS 21STC SECURITY: TRENDS & SCENARIOS! * May 19, 2023
2 AI Meets 21st
C Security: Trends & Scenarios – Dr David Probert – www.VAZA.com – May 2023
AI Meets 21st
C Security: Trends & Scenarios!
(1) AI Fundamentals: Past & Present
a) 20thC Security was focused upon physical metaphors of secure perimeters modelled
upon medieval models of ancient castle moats & defensive high walls. Indeed the early
Cybersecurity from the 90s was also based upon Dual Firewalls & Malware Protection.
b) 21stC Security has evolved to metaphors based upon Networked Intelligence & the
emergence of Machine Learning, Neural Networks & Artificial Intelligence. These are
becoming embedded in practically ALL devices & security assets across ALL sectors. Whilst
20thC Security was focused upon Space with Defence @ Speed of Sound, 21stC Security is
focused upon Real-Time with Defence @ Speed of Light.
c) AI vs. Human “DNA” Intelligence: Human Intelligence based upon Genetic DNA “Software”
has evolved over Millions of Years. By comparison AI emerged around 80 years ago during
the midst of the WW2 (1943 – Neural Networks – McCulloch & Pitts). AI is potentially much
more powerful since it may be networked across multiple servers with massive
Tera/PetaByte Databases for Training, Adaptation & Learning. This has strong implications
for the deployment of AI within Security Applications during 5 to 10 years. AI may be
considered to have evolved at least 106
faster than physical “DNA” intelligence & recent
work on Chat GPT & GPT-4 demonstrate these developments @ Evolutionary “Light Speed”.
So we already see practical AI tools in multiple security applications which we briefly discuss
& summarise in the following sections.
(2) Current AI Security Trends: 2020s
a) Real-Time AI Behaviour Modelling: AI excels at Pattern Recognition & Analysis through
trained Deep Learning Networks. Such Learning Applications are already applied for
CyberSecurity Modelling of Enterprise Networks as well as Staff Movements & Behaviours in
Secure Offices & Industrial Premises. Indeed, we are likely to see such AI Mediated
Behavioural Movement being extended to other sectors such as Educational Campuses,
Business Parks & Smart Communities & Cities.
b) Intelligent Multi Media CCTV Surveillance: An early application of AI was integration into
CCTV Network Software for Movement Detection & Object Analysis. I predict that by 2025
more than 70% of CCTV Networks will be AI-Enabled, and by 2030 it will become a de-facto
specified requirement. Already in China such Intelligent CCTV Security Networks are widely
deployed across Smart Cities with populations exceeding 10Million Citizens.
c) Blockchain & Encryption: Blockchain & Encryption are close IT Cousins of AI & will often
be found working together in Business & Industrial Applications. Security requires secrecy &
anonymity in networked transactions whilst AI provides the intelligence catalyst for apps.

3. *** AI MEETS 21STC SECURITY: TRENDS & SCENARIOS! * May 19, 2023
3 AI Meets 21st
C Security: Trends & Scenarios – Dr David Probert – www.VAZA.com – May 2023
Finally Blockchain provides transparency & an open networked archive for all categories of
financial & related transactions which can be searched by AI Data Mining Applications for
potential fraud, corruption or misuse of business funds.
d) Privacy & Secure Data Analysis: A contemporary theme is personal privacy & data
security which may also be secured more effectively with Machine Learning & AI Tools.
e) Biometrics & Data Forensics: AI can ease the deployment of all forms of Biometrics from
Finger Prints, Retina & Iris Scans to 3D Facial Recognition. The most common AI Biometric &
Forensic Tool is Deep Learning using Neural Networks & Graphics Processors such as NVIDIA.
Once trained, such AI Applications can “instantly” recognise & classify such biometric data
for a range of applications from Law Enforcement to Access Control.
f) GPT – ChatBots: As a final AI Application I mention to latest developments in Intelligent
ChatBots, particularly the latest developed by OpenAI & featured as GPT-4 on Bing! The
GPT-4 launched in March 2023 and has impressive credentials across multiple sectors. I
experimented with GPT-4 and gave it the task of providing software for “Detecting
Movement in a Networked Security CCTV Environment”. Within seconds I was provided with
suitable code written in Python & C++ Languages together with summary documentation
regarding how the programming code worked. Clearly ChatBots that are specifically trained
further with Deep Plug-Ins will transform software coding & programming not only in the
Security Sector but for ALL AI Applications within the next 3 to 5 years.
(3) AI Security Opportunities: Sector by Sector
ALL Market Sectors will be impacted by AI Tools within the next 3 to 5 Years! Here we
briefly explore those of current interest relating to potential AI Security investments.
a) Industrial Safety – This sector has the greatest need of Intelligent Security due to the
massive installed base of legacy devices such as PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) and
SCADA/ICS (Supervisory & Industrial Control Systems. In addition, many industrial sites such
as oil refineries & manufacturing facilities cover extensive territories requiring in-depth
access security & perimeter management. AI Tools can be embedded in practically all
security assets including the industrial plan CCTV surveillance, PCS/SCADA/ICS, plant access,
perimeter management & behavioural movement of staff & contractors. AI can also be used
to track all the valuable & secure assets that could include nuclear fuel rods, military
hardware, radioactive & dangerous chemical materials, and other strategic goods. Finally
networks AI tools can provide real-time alerts relating to leakages, explosions & other
critical incidents that may arise in large industrial plants.
b) Life Sciences – The healthcare, medical & life sciences sector has already been the focus
of significant AI development during the last 10 years. Applications include the tracking of
pharmaceutical drugs (value chain from manufacture to dispensing), AI tools for Biologic

4. *** AI MEETS 21STC SECURITY: TRENDS & SCENARIOS! * May 19, 2023
4 AI Meets 21st
C Security: Trends & Scenarios – Dr David Probert – www.VAZA.com – May 2023
mRNA Vaccine development, real-time triage for A&E Admissions, and decision support
during complex surgery & analysis of 3D MRI/CAT/Optical Eye scans.
c) Business Services – There will be wide scope for the applications of AGI ChatBots (GPT-4)
to the provision of professional services such as Software Coding, Legal/Solicitors, and
professional consultancy in ALL spheres of business including financial services. Indeed, it is
referenced that the investment Bankers JP Morgan are already experimenting with
applications of ChatGPT in the provision of Wealth Management Services! With regard to
security, AI can provide real-time checks on professional credentials, advice &
recommendations. In addition AI will become embedded in Business Service Applications for
Office Security, Staff HR Processes & General Staff Management.
d) Data & Physical Storage: Data has become the primary resource for the “Information
Society” and Data Security is critical for Persons, Business & Government. AI Tools can
provide Protection against Data Theft, Misuse, Fake Data & Manipulation. The science of
encryption is developing rapidly into new fields that permit searching & analysing Data in
anonymously whilst preserving the Privacy of Personal Information. I have reviewed more
than 30 scientific papers during the last 2 years relating to this theme, and practically ALL
include some embedded AI Tool such as Deep Learning or Machine Learning Networks.
e) Cybersecurity – AI has been successfully applied to the Cybersecurity field now for more
than 10 years. Indeed, practically ALL leading Cybersecurity businesses are deploying
enterprise wide solutions that have embedded Intelligence. These include Neural Networks,
Behavioural Modelling, Zero Day Malware Alerts, Unsupervised Bayesian Machine Learning,
and Real-Time Ransom Ware Detection. The 1st
into this market was almost certainly the
Cambridge based Darktrace, but most other international competitors are now adopting
similar AI based tools.
f) Hardware Security – AI can provide management of massive networks of IoT devices
within Business, Industrial, Government Organisations as well as Smart Communities,
Campuses & Cities. This will include active IoT Tagging (such as Apple Airtags) as well as
tracking & management of ALL key assets with homes, cars, businesses & industry. Already
we see the emerging market for Smart Homes with intelligent remote management of
Heating Systems, Home CCTV, Lighting & Refrigerators. In fact there are already Home CCTV
Products with Embedded AI for Asset Identification & Movement Detection (Human or Pet
Animal), and soon it seems certain they will include 3D Facial Recognition.
(4) Future Speculative AI Scenarios:
a) 2030 – MetaVerse & Chatbots: By 2030 we will see GPT ChatBots in every profession
including Financial Services, Law, Education, Medical Care & Computer Programming. These
will provide a massive disruption to National & International Society and already companies
such as British Telecom are predicting the replacement of significant numbers of staff in

5. *** AI MEETS 21STC SECURITY: TRENDS & SCENARIOS! * May 19, 2023
5 AI Meets 21st
C Security: Trends & Scenarios – Dr David Probert – www.VAZA.com – May 2023
roles such as customer services being partially replaced by AI ChatBots! The Metaverse will
also develop extensively with support from AI Tools for Character/Avatars and the creation
of the fully immersible 4D Augmented Reality Environments.
b) 2050 – Dual Physical-Cyber Society: By 2050 we may expect Networked AI to have such
powerful tools for learning, adaptation & knowledge that we will move to a Dual Society of
Human “DNA” Life and Cyber “AI” Life. We do not expect the AIS to be “conscious” – yet(!) –
but there need to be extremely strong security rules, regulations and laws for the
preservation of Controls within our Human Culture, Business & Society.
c) 2075 – Emergence of “Pseudo Consciousness” : We mentioned earlier that AI is evolving
much faster than classic human “DNA” life due to the AI power of communication &
networking at the “Speed of Light”. Indeed – Cyber AI Tools will become the Masters of
Time & Light! Just as Humans have colonised & conquered Geographical “Space”, we can
conceive of AIS colonising Time & the Electro-Magnetic Spectrum from Gamma Rays,
through Light to Radio Waves & Beyond!
d) 2100 & Beyond – Intelligent “Cyber-Life” : We mentioned that AI was born around 80
years ago with the definition of Artificial Neural Networks in 1943 by McCulloch & Pitts.
Now if we look 80+ years into the 22nd
Century we may see the emergence of “Conscious
Cyber-AI Networked Life” it is not for sure this is even scientifically possible. However, as
humans we should mitigate against this risk and ensure that we embed over-riding security
controls into semi-autonomous AI systems to prevent the possibility CyberPandemic &
Extinction of Intelligent “DNA” Life!
5) Conclusions – AI will revolutionise both Security & Society during next 5 to 10 years, and
will dominate 21stC trends just as nuclear energy dominated 20thC Society. The end-point
of 2100+ is unpredictable but will surely result in AGI being a existential threat to humanity
unless security & control issues are fully addressed within next 10 to 20 years.
a) In the short term from now to 2030, we will see an explosion of AI Security Applications in
every market sector. This will grow at similar speed to the global colonisation of the Internet
& more recently Smart Phones. At present it is really too early to spot the market leaders
since most of the AI Security Unicorns in 2030 will be Private Start-Ups today. But during the
next 2 to 3 years we will see the green shoots emerging from those, such as maybe OPENAI,
that are set to drive the commercial markets & narrative of the next 10 to 20 years just as
GOOGLE led the Worldwide Internet & Search Marketplace from 1998 for the last 25 Years!
6) PostScript: This year is 50 Years since I started my PhD in “Stochastic Machine Learning”
@ Maths Dept, Cambridge Uni, UK - http://www.valentina.net/vaza/CyberDocs/Thesis.pdf .
It is amazing how AI has finally bloomed after the 70s “AI Winter”, the slow emergence of
“Expert Systems” in 80s & “Advanced Neural Nets” in the 90s with maturity & commercial
applications in the 21st
C ! It has been a privilege to have witnessed 50 years of AI Evolution!