नीबू हर रसोईघर की शान है। विटामिन-सी से भरपूर नीबू स्फूर्तिदायक और रोग निवारक फल है। नीबू हर व्यंजन का स्वाद बढ़ाता है। फिर चाहे वो आलू का शोरबा हो या मटन का कोरमा, पनीर की तरी हो या चिकन की करी, साहब की जिन हो या मेडम की चाओमिन नीबू के बिना सब बेसुरे और बेस्वाद लगते ही हैं। पूरे विश्व में नीबू शौक से खाया जाता है। यह हर देश और धर्म के लोगों का चहीता फल है। चाहे स्त्री हो या पुरुष, बच्चा हो या बूढ़ा, अमीर हो या गरीब, नॉनवेज हो या वेज, स्ट्रगलर हो या स्मगलर, ड्राइवर हो या डाक्टर सभी नीबू के दीवाने हैं। अकेले निबुड़ा गीत ने ऐश्वर्य राय को रातों रात स्टार बना दिया था। नीबू के आचार की तो बात ही क्या है। जितनी किस्म के आचार नीबू के बनते हैं, शायद ही किसी और के बनते हों। नीबू के आचार को देखते ही लोगों के मुंह में पानी आ जाता है। गर्भवती स्त्रियां तो नीबू का आचार चटकारे लेकर खाती हैं।
नीबू बहुत उपयोगी फल है और ईश्वर का वरदान है। इसके बिना जीवन ही रसहीन और फीका लगता है। इसका वानस्पतिक नाम साइट्रस लिमोनम है। इसे संस्कृत में लिम्बुका, अरेबिक में लेमुन और अंग्रेजी में लेमन कहते हैं। इसका रंग पीला या हरा तथा स्वाद खट्टा होता है। विश्व में सबसे अधिक नीबू का उत्पादन भारत में होता है। भारत विश्व के कुल नीबू उत्पादन का 16 प्रतिशत भाग उत्पन्न करता है। मलेशिया, मैक्सिको, अर्जन्टीना, ब्राजील एवं स्पेन अन्य मुख्य उत्पादक देश हैं। इसकी कई किस्में होती हैं, लेकिन कागजी नीबू, कागजी कलाँ, गलगल तथा लाइम सिलहट ही अधिकतर घरेलू उपयोग में आते हैं। इनमें कागजी नीबू सबसे अधिक लोकप्रिय है।
मिर्च की फसल में नेचरडीप के फायदे और इस्तेमाल के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी (Na...SumitomoNatureDeep
नेचर डीप एक जैविक उत्पाद है तथा इसमें मायकोरायझा नामक फफूंद है, यह फफूंद आपके मिर्च के पौधों की जड़ों पर पनपती है और जडों की कक्षा बढ़ जाती है. इससे मिर्च का पौधा अधिक से अधिक अन्न द्रव्य ले सकता है और मिर्च का उत्पादन बढ जाता है। नेचर डीप का उपयोग आप ड्रेचीग/ड्रीप/खाद के साथ छिट्टा लगाकर कैसे भी कर सकते है। अधिक जानकारी के लिए हमारी वेबसाइट पर जाएँ। www.naturedeep.in
this document is useful for all students preparing for placement. this document contains aptitude techniques. for each technique examples are shown. since i could not upload the ppt due to some technical problem the arrangment of text will not be in order.
examples are not stereo typed. all the techniques are taken from various internet sources hence could not be acknowledge individually. those who have any objections please mention in the comment box so that those particular portion could be removed.
This document provides an introduction to periodic and circular motion. It discusses key concepts such as centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, and centrifugal force. Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration toward the center required to maintain circular motion. Centripetal force is the force providing the necessary centripetal acceleration, given by Fc = mv2/r. Centrifugal force is a fictional outward force felt in a rotating reference frame.
Planetary Motion- The simple Physics Behind the heavenly bodiesNISER-sac
The document summarizes Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. It explains how Newton was able to derive Kepler's laws from his law of gravitation. It then discusses the central force problem and how to solve it to obtain planetary orbits. Finally, it briefly touches on limitations of the two-body approximation and possibilities like Lagrange points when more than two bodies are involved.
Krish wants to buy a house for Rs. 30,00,000 but does not have enough savings, so he must take out a loan. A loan is money borrowed from a lender like a bank that must be paid back with additional interest. Simple interest is calculated using the principal amount, interest rate, and time period, with the formula: Simple Interest = Principal * Rate * Time / 100. The document provides examples of calculating simple interest on various loans to explain the concept.
नीबू हर रसोईघर की शान है। विटामिन-सी से भरपूर नीबू स्फूर्तिदायक और रोग निवारक फल है। नीबू हर व्यंजन का स्वाद बढ़ाता है। फिर चाहे वो आलू का शोरबा हो या मटन का कोरमा, पनीर की तरी हो या चिकन की करी, साहब की जिन हो या मेडम की चाओमिन नीबू के बिना सब बेसुरे और बेस्वाद लगते ही हैं। पूरे विश्व में नीबू शौक से खाया जाता है। यह हर देश और धर्म के लोगों का चहीता फल है। चाहे स्त्री हो या पुरुष, बच्चा हो या बूढ़ा, अमीर हो या गरीब, नॉनवेज हो या वेज, स्ट्रगलर हो या स्मगलर, ड्राइवर हो या डाक्टर सभी नीबू के दीवाने हैं। अकेले निबुड़ा गीत ने ऐश्वर्य राय को रातों रात स्टार बना दिया था। नीबू के आचार की तो बात ही क्या है। जितनी किस्म के आचार नीबू के बनते हैं, शायद ही किसी और के बनते हों। नीबू के आचार को देखते ही लोगों के मुंह में पानी आ जाता है। गर्भवती स्त्रियां तो नीबू का आचार चटकारे लेकर खाती हैं।
नीबू बहुत उपयोगी फल है और ईश्वर का वरदान है। इसके बिना जीवन ही रसहीन और फीका लगता है। इसका वानस्पतिक नाम साइट्रस लिमोनम है। इसे संस्कृत में लिम्बुका, अरेबिक में लेमुन और अंग्रेजी में लेमन कहते हैं। इसका रंग पीला या हरा तथा स्वाद खट्टा होता है। विश्व में सबसे अधिक नीबू का उत्पादन भारत में होता है। भारत विश्व के कुल नीबू उत्पादन का 16 प्रतिशत भाग उत्पन्न करता है। मलेशिया, मैक्सिको, अर्जन्टीना, ब्राजील एवं स्पेन अन्य मुख्य उत्पादक देश हैं। इसकी कई किस्में होती हैं, लेकिन कागजी नीबू, कागजी कलाँ, गलगल तथा लाइम सिलहट ही अधिकतर घरेलू उपयोग में आते हैं। इनमें कागजी नीबू सबसे अधिक लोकप्रिय है।
मिर्च की फसल में नेचरडीप के फायदे और इस्तेमाल के बारे में विस्तृत जानकारी (Na...SumitomoNatureDeep
नेचर डीप एक जैविक उत्पाद है तथा इसमें मायकोरायझा नामक फफूंद है, यह फफूंद आपके मिर्च के पौधों की जड़ों पर पनपती है और जडों की कक्षा बढ़ जाती है. इससे मिर्च का पौधा अधिक से अधिक अन्न द्रव्य ले सकता है और मिर्च का उत्पादन बढ जाता है। नेचर डीप का उपयोग आप ड्रेचीग/ड्रीप/खाद के साथ छिट्टा लगाकर कैसे भी कर सकते है। अधिक जानकारी के लिए हमारी वेबसाइट पर जाएँ। www.naturedeep.in
this document is useful for all students preparing for placement. this document contains aptitude techniques. for each technique examples are shown. since i could not upload the ppt due to some technical problem the arrangment of text will not be in order.
examples are not stereo typed. all the techniques are taken from various internet sources hence could not be acknowledge individually. those who have any objections please mention in the comment box so that those particular portion could be removed.
This document provides an introduction to periodic and circular motion. It discusses key concepts such as centripetal acceleration, centripetal force, and centrifugal force. Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration toward the center required to maintain circular motion. Centripetal force is the force providing the necessary centripetal acceleration, given by Fc = mv2/r. Centrifugal force is a fictional outward force felt in a rotating reference frame.
Planetary Motion- The simple Physics Behind the heavenly bodiesNISER-sac
The document summarizes Kepler's laws of planetary motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation. It explains how Newton was able to derive Kepler's laws from his law of gravitation. It then discusses the central force problem and how to solve it to obtain planetary orbits. Finally, it briefly touches on limitations of the two-body approximation and possibilities like Lagrange points when more than two bodies are involved.
Krish wants to buy a house for Rs. 30,00,000 but does not have enough savings, so he must take out a loan. A loan is money borrowed from a lender like a bank that must be paid back with additional interest. Simple interest is calculated using the principal amount, interest rate, and time period, with the formula: Simple Interest = Principal * Rate * Time / 100. The document provides examples of calculating simple interest on various loans to explain the concept.
Compound interest is interest calculated on both the principal amount and on any interest that has already been earned over multiple periods. It is usually used for loans of more than one year. Compound interest is higher than simple interest because the interest earns interest. The compound interest formula can be used to calculate the future value (FV) of an investment given the present value (PV), interest rate per period (i), and number of compounding periods (n). An example calculates that $1500 compounded quarterly at 6.75% annually for 10 years results in a future value of $2929.
The document explains compound interest, how it is calculated, and provides examples. Compound interest is interest paid on both the principal amount and accumulated interest over time. It is commonly used in savings accounts and works by compounding interest periodically, such as daily, quarterly, or annually. The document shows how to use a compound interest table to calculate the balance and interest earned for various principal amounts over different time periods at given interest rates that are compounded periodically.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe made accurate measurements of planetary positions which he shared with Johannes Kepler. Kepler found that Mars' orbit was elliptical rather than circular as previously believed. He developed his three laws of planetary motion based on Mars' orbit: 1) planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus, 2) connecting swept areas equal over time, 3) the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws helped Isaac Newton later establish his law of universal gravitation.
Johannes Kepler developed his three laws of planetary motion based on observational data collected by Tycho Brahe. Kepler's First Law states that planets orbit the Sun in ellipses, with the Sun located at one focus. Kepler's Second Law says that planets sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. Kepler's Third Law relates the orbital period of a planet to the semi-major axis of its orbit, such that the square of the period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.
This document discusses interest in business and provides formulas for calculating simple interest. It defines interest as the charge for borrowing money, explains the key terms in calculating interest including principal, interest rate, time, and introduces the formulas:
I=Pxrxt
S= P+I
S= P+Prt
S = P ( 1+ r t )
The document explains how to use these formulas to calculate simple interest and simple amount based on the given conditions and provides an example calculation as an exercise.
The document discusses the particle model of matter and how it relates to the different phases of matter and phase changes. It explains that in solids, particles vibrate around fixed positions, in liquids they can move slowly, and in gases they can move quickly. A phase change occurs when the kinetic energy of particles changes enough for them to overcome attractive forces. Evaporation involves single particles escaping while boiling happens when vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. Thermal capacity and specific heat capacity are introduced to quantify how much energy is required to change an object's temperature. Latent heat also quantifies energy absorbed or released during phase changes.
This document discusses simple interest, providing the definition, formula, and examples of calculating interest earned, time to earn a given amount of interest, and maturity value. Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal amount, not on accumulated interest. The formula for simple interest is I = PRT, where I is interest, P is principal, R is the annual interest rate as a decimal, and T is time in years. Examples show calculating interest earned on $200 at 4% for 1.5 years ($12) and the time needed to earn $15 on $300 at 4% (1.25 years). Maturity value is the total value at a specific date, calculated as principal plus interest using the formulas S =
This document discusses key concepts related to percentages, profit, loss, and discounts. It provides examples of calculating percentages of quantities, converting fractions to percentages, and percentages to decimals. It also demonstrates how to calculate profit and loss amounts based on cost price and selling price. Examples are given for calculating profit percentage, loss percentage, and determining selling price given cost price and profit percentage. The document also defines discounts and provides an example of calculating the actual cost of an article to a dealer given the marked price, discount percentage, and profit percentage made.
The document discusses revenue recognition principles for different types of transactions. It provides examples and guidelines for recognizing revenue from sales of goods, services, government grants, and other sources. Key principles are that revenue is recognized when risks and rewards transfer to buyers, over the period of service or subscription, and proportionately as qualifying costs are incurred for government grants.
Miss Tami bought a shirt for Rp 50,000 and sold it for Rp 75,000, making a profit. Miss Tina's shirt was broken so she sold it for Rp 40,000, at a loss since she bought it for Rp 50,000. The document also defines profit as a selling price higher than the buying price, and loss as a lower selling price. It provides formulas to calculate profit/loss amounts and percentages. As an example, it says Mrs. Eka bought a dozen pens for Rp 18,000 and sold each for Rp 2,250, so she would make a profit or loss based on the totals.
This document discusses simple and compound interest. It provides examples of calculating simple interest using the formula I=PRT, where I is interest, P is principal, R is interest rate, and T is time in years. It then explains compound interest, where interest is earned on both the principal and previously earned interest. The key compound interest formula provided is B=P(1+R)n, where B is the final balance, P is principal, R is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods. Examples are given of calculating interest compounded annually and semiannually.
The document discusses the components of the cost of capital, including debt, preferred stock, and common equity. It provides methods for calculating the costs of each component, such as using bond yields for the cost of debt. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is calculated using the costs of each component weighted by the target capital structure weights. Factors that influence the WACC include market conditions, the firm's capital structure and investment policy. The document also discusses approaches for adjusting the cost of capital for divisions or projects based on their specific risks.
Mr. Patil started a poultry business with 102 birds with an initial investment of Rs. 5,000. In the first month, 7 birds died and expenses totaled Rs. 2,040. With 95 remaining birds averaging 1.8 kg each and selling at Rs. 15/kg, sales totaled Rs. 2,565. By subtracting expenses from sales, Mr. Patil made a profit of Rs. 525 in the first month. In a second scenario where 40 birds died instead of 7, students are assigned to recalculate the profit or loss.
Though we had learnt about Simple and Compound Interests at school, because of the technological advantages and new gadgets over the years we have forgotten how to calculate it. This is my sincere effort to refresh the minds of interested persons about its concepts and how to calculate mannually.
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
The Math Club seeks to raise mathematics knowledge and skills in children. It provides services like stimulating students' interest in math and effectively teaching basic concepts. Through innovative lessons on non-traditional topics, the club enhances math education in classrooms and motivates students to pursue math to their highest abilities. The club gets parental support, interests kids in activities, and organizes classes that are also fun.
This document discusses climate change and provides information about the difference between weather and climate. It explains that climate is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Greenhouse gases are essential to our climate by trapping heat in our atmosphere. However, human activity has increased greenhouse gas levels, resulting in global warming. Evidence of climate change comes from melting glaciers, tree rings, and changes in plant and animal ranges. The document suggests various ways individuals can reduce their carbon footprint through conserving energy use at home, in transportation, and reducing waste.
Compound interest is interest calculated on both the principal amount and on any interest that has already been earned over multiple periods. It is usually used for loans of more than one year. Compound interest is higher than simple interest because the interest earns interest. The compound interest formula can be used to calculate the future value (FV) of an investment given the present value (PV), interest rate per period (i), and number of compounding periods (n). An example calculates that $1500 compounded quarterly at 6.75% annually for 10 years results in a future value of $2929.
The document explains compound interest, how it is calculated, and provides examples. Compound interest is interest paid on both the principal amount and accumulated interest over time. It is commonly used in savings accounts and works by compounding interest periodically, such as daily, quarterly, or annually. The document shows how to use a compound interest table to calculate the balance and interest earned for various principal amounts over different time periods at given interest rates that are compounded periodically.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe made accurate measurements of planetary positions which he shared with Johannes Kepler. Kepler found that Mars' orbit was elliptical rather than circular as previously believed. He developed his three laws of planetary motion based on Mars' orbit: 1) planets orbit in ellipses with the sun at one focus, 2) connecting swept areas equal over time, 3) the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its average distance from the sun. Kepler's laws helped Isaac Newton later establish his law of universal gravitation.
Johannes Kepler developed his three laws of planetary motion based on observational data collected by Tycho Brahe. Kepler's First Law states that planets orbit the Sun in ellipses, with the Sun located at one focus. Kepler's Second Law says that planets sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. Kepler's Third Law relates the orbital period of a planet to the semi-major axis of its orbit, such that the square of the period is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis.
This document discusses interest in business and provides formulas for calculating simple interest. It defines interest as the charge for borrowing money, explains the key terms in calculating interest including principal, interest rate, time, and introduces the formulas:
I=Pxrxt
S= P+I
S= P+Prt
S = P ( 1+ r t )
The document explains how to use these formulas to calculate simple interest and simple amount based on the given conditions and provides an example calculation as an exercise.
The document discusses the particle model of matter and how it relates to the different phases of matter and phase changes. It explains that in solids, particles vibrate around fixed positions, in liquids they can move slowly, and in gases they can move quickly. A phase change occurs when the kinetic energy of particles changes enough for them to overcome attractive forces. Evaporation involves single particles escaping while boiling happens when vapor pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure. Thermal capacity and specific heat capacity are introduced to quantify how much energy is required to change an object's temperature. Latent heat also quantifies energy absorbed or released during phase changes.
This document discusses simple interest, providing the definition, formula, and examples of calculating interest earned, time to earn a given amount of interest, and maturity value. Simple interest is interest paid only on the principal amount, not on accumulated interest. The formula for simple interest is I = PRT, where I is interest, P is principal, R is the annual interest rate as a decimal, and T is time in years. Examples show calculating interest earned on $200 at 4% for 1.5 years ($12) and the time needed to earn $15 on $300 at 4% (1.25 years). Maturity value is the total value at a specific date, calculated as principal plus interest using the formulas S =
This document discusses key concepts related to percentages, profit, loss, and discounts. It provides examples of calculating percentages of quantities, converting fractions to percentages, and percentages to decimals. It also demonstrates how to calculate profit and loss amounts based on cost price and selling price. Examples are given for calculating profit percentage, loss percentage, and determining selling price given cost price and profit percentage. The document also defines discounts and provides an example of calculating the actual cost of an article to a dealer given the marked price, discount percentage, and profit percentage made.
The document discusses revenue recognition principles for different types of transactions. It provides examples and guidelines for recognizing revenue from sales of goods, services, government grants, and other sources. Key principles are that revenue is recognized when risks and rewards transfer to buyers, over the period of service or subscription, and proportionately as qualifying costs are incurred for government grants.
Miss Tami bought a shirt for Rp 50,000 and sold it for Rp 75,000, making a profit. Miss Tina's shirt was broken so she sold it for Rp 40,000, at a loss since she bought it for Rp 50,000. The document also defines profit as a selling price higher than the buying price, and loss as a lower selling price. It provides formulas to calculate profit/loss amounts and percentages. As an example, it says Mrs. Eka bought a dozen pens for Rp 18,000 and sold each for Rp 2,250, so she would make a profit or loss based on the totals.
This document discusses simple and compound interest. It provides examples of calculating simple interest using the formula I=PRT, where I is interest, P is principal, R is interest rate, and T is time in years. It then explains compound interest, where interest is earned on both the principal and previously earned interest. The key compound interest formula provided is B=P(1+R)n, where B is the final balance, P is principal, R is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of periods. Examples are given of calculating interest compounded annually and semiannually.
The document discusses the components of the cost of capital, including debt, preferred stock, and common equity. It provides methods for calculating the costs of each component, such as using bond yields for the cost of debt. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is calculated using the costs of each component weighted by the target capital structure weights. Factors that influence the WACC include market conditions, the firm's capital structure and investment policy. The document also discusses approaches for adjusting the cost of capital for divisions or projects based on their specific risks.
Mr. Patil started a poultry business with 102 birds with an initial investment of Rs. 5,000. In the first month, 7 birds died and expenses totaled Rs. 2,040. With 95 remaining birds averaging 1.8 kg each and selling at Rs. 15/kg, sales totaled Rs. 2,565. By subtracting expenses from sales, Mr. Patil made a profit of Rs. 525 in the first month. In a second scenario where 40 birds died instead of 7, students are assigned to recalculate the profit or loss.
Though we had learnt about Simple and Compound Interests at school, because of the technological advantages and new gadgets over the years we have forgotten how to calculate it. This is my sincere effort to refresh the minds of interested persons about its concepts and how to calculate mannually.
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
The Math Club seeks to raise mathematics knowledge and skills in children. It provides services like stimulating students' interest in math and effectively teaching basic concepts. Through innovative lessons on non-traditional topics, the club enhances math education in classrooms and motivates students to pursue math to their highest abilities. The club gets parental support, interests kids in activities, and organizes classes that are also fun.
This document discusses climate change and provides information about the difference between weather and climate. It explains that climate is affected by both abiotic and biotic factors. Greenhouse gases are essential to our climate by trapping heat in our atmosphere. However, human activity has increased greenhouse gas levels, resulting in global warming. Evidence of climate change comes from melting glaciers, tree rings, and changes in plant and animal ranges. The document suggests various ways individuals can reduce their carbon footprint through conserving energy use at home, in transportation, and reducing waste.
11. 2 Bags of Urea कच्चे तेल के 100 लीटर जलन
िविशाल ऊर्जार्जा भागीदारी
तेल की प्रतित बैरल (159 लीटर) = $ 164,000 अमरीकी डालर
तेल की एक एकल बैरल = ऊर्जार्जा 23,000 मानवि श्रम घंटे के बराबर = 12 विषो (40 घंटे / सप्ताह)
12. 1 12
कब ?
फसल की कटाई हो जाने अथवा परिरिपरक्व खड़ी फसल में।
प्रत्येक तीन वष र्ष में फसल मौसम शुरू होने से परूर्वर्ष एक बारि।
भूर्िम में नमी की मात्रा कम से कम हो।
13. 1 13
कयो ?
सघन खेती के कारिण खेत की
िमट्टी में उत्परन्न िवकारिो की
जानकारिी।
िमट्टी में िविभन्न परोष क तत्वो
की उपरलब्धता की दशा का
बोधक।
बोयी जाने वाली फसल के िलए
परोष क तत्वो की आवश्यकता
का अनुमान।
संतुिलत उवर्षरिक प्रबन्ध द्वारिा
अिधक लाभ।
14. 1 14
• मृदा का नमूर्ना इस तरिह से लेना चािहए िजससे वह परूर्रिे खेत की मृदा का प्रितिनिधत्व करिें। जब एक ही
खेत में फसल की बडवारि में या जमीन के गडन में, रिंग व डलान में अंतरि हो या फसल अलग-अलग बोयी
जानी हो या प्रबंध में अंतरि हो तो हरि भाग से अलग नमूर्ने लेने चािहए। यिद उपररिोक्त सभी िस्थित खेत
में एक जैसी हो तब एक ही नमूर्ना िलया जा सकता है। ध्यान रिहे िक एक तमूर्ना ज्यादा से ज्यादा दो
हैकटेयरि से िलया जा सकता है।
• मृदा का नमूर्ना खाद के डेरि, परेडो, मेडो, डलानो व रिास्तो के परास से तथा एैैसी जगहो से जो खेत का
प्रितिनिधत्व नहीं करिती है न लें।
• मृदा के नमूर्ने को दूर्िष त न होने दें। इसके िलए साफ औजारिो से नमूर्ना एकत्र करिें तथा साफ थैली में
डालें। अैेसी थैली काम में न लाएं जो खाद एवं अन्य रिसायनो के िलए प्रयोग में लाई गई हो।
• मृदा का नमूर्ना बुआई से लगभग एक माह परूर्वर्ष कृिष िवकास प्रयोगशाला में भेज दें िजससे समय पररि मृदा
की जांच िरिपरोट िमल जाएं एवं उसके अनुसारि उवर्षरिक एवं सुधारिको का उपरयोग िकया जा सके।
• यिद खडी फसल में परोष क तत्वो की कमी के लक्षण िदखाई दें औरि मृदा का नमूर्ना लेना हो तो फसल की
कतारिो के बीच से नमूर्ना लेना चािहए।
• िजस खेत मे कंपरोस्ट, खाद, चूर्ना, िजप्सम तथा अन्य कोई भूर्िम सुधारिक तत्काल डाला गया हो तो उस
खेत से नमूर्ना न लें।
सावधािनयां
16. 1 16
डी.ए.पी
(DAP)
िकिसान भाइयों डी.ए.पी.किे किुछ दानों किो हाथ में लेकिर तम्बाकिू किी
तरह उसमें चूना िमलाकिर मलने पर यिद उसमें से तेज गन्ध िनकिले
िजसे सूंघना मुिश्किल हो जाये तो समझें िकि ये डी.ए.पी. असली है ।
िकिसान भाइयों डी.ए.पी.किो पहचानने किी एकि और सरल िविधिध है ।
यिद हम डी.ए.पी. किे किुछ दाने धीमी आंच पर तविधे पर गमर्म किरें यिद
ये दाने फू ल जाते है तो समझ लें यही असली डी.ए.पी. है िकिसान
भइयों डी.ए.पी. किी असली पहचान है। इसकिे किठोर दाने ये भूरे
किाले एविधं बादामी रंग किे होते है। और नाखून से आसानी से नहीं टूटते
हैं।
यूिरया (Urea) िकिसान भाइयों यूिरया किी असली पहचान है इसकिे सफे द चमकिदार
लगभग समान आकिार किे किड़े दाने इसकिा पानी में पूणतर्मतया घुल जाना
तथा इसकिे घोल किो छूने पर शीतल अनुभूित होना ही इसकिी असली
पहचान है। िकिसान भाइयों यूिरया किो तविधे पर गमर्म किरने से इसकिे
दाने िपघल जाते है यिद हम आंच तेज किर दें और इसकिा किोई
अविधशेष न बचे तो समझ लें यही असली यूिरया है।
सुपर फास्फे ट (SSP) िकिसान भाइयों सुपर फास्फे ट किी असली पहचान है इसकिे सख्त दाने
तथा इसकिा भूरा किाला बादामी रंग। िकिसान भाइयों इसकिे किुछ दानों
किो गमर्म किरें यिद ये नहीं फू लते है तो समझ लें यही असली सुपर
फास्फे ट है ध्यान रखें िकि गमर्म किरने पर डी.ए.पी. विध अन्य किाम्प्लेक्स
किे दाने फू ल जाते है जबिकि सुपर फास्फे ट किे नहीं इस प्रकिार इसकिी
िमलाविधट किी पहचान आसानी से किी जा सकिती है। िकिसान फाइयों
सुपर फास्फे ट नाखूनों से आसानी से न टूटने विधाला उविधर्मरकि है। िकिसान
भाइयों ध्यान रखें इस दानेदार उविधर्मरकि में िमलाविधट बहुधा डी.ए.पी.
विध एन.पी.किे. िमक्स्चर उविधर्मरकिों किे साथ किी जान ए सम्भाविधना बनी
रहती है।
असली खाद किे पहचान किी घरेलू िविधिध
17. 1 17
पोटाश िकिसान भाइयों पोटास किी असली पहचान है इसकिा सफे द
किड़ाकिा इसे नमकि तथा लाल िमचर्म जैसा िमश्रणत िकिसान
भाइयों पोटाश किे किुछ दानों किो नम किरें यिद ये आपस में
नही िचपकिते है तो समझ लें किी ये असली पोटाश है।
िकिसान भाइयों एकि बात और पोटाश पानी में घुलने पर
इसकिा लाल भाग पानी में ऊपर तैरता रहता है।
िजकि सल्फे ट िकिसान भाइयों िजकि सल्फे ट किी असली पहचान ये है िकि
इसकिे दाने हल्किे सफे द पीले तथा भूरे बारीकि किणत किे आकिार
किे होते है। िकिसान भाइयों िजकि सल्फे ट में प्रमुख रूप से
मैगनीिशयम सल्फे ट किी िमलाविधट किी जाती है। भौतितकि रूप
से सामान्य होने किे किारणत इसकिे असली विध नकिली किी
पहचान किरना कििठन होता है। िकिसान भाइयों एकि बात
और डी.ए.पी. किे घोल मे िजकि सल्फे ट किा घोल िमलाने पर
थक्केदार घना अविधशेष बनाया जाता है। जबिकि डी.ए.पी. किे
घोल में मैगनीिशयम सल्फे ट किा घोल िमलाने पर ऐसा
नही होता है। िकिसान भाइयों यिद हम िजकि सफे ट किे घोल
मे पलती किािस्टकि किा घोल िमलायें तो सफे द मटमैला मांड
जैसा अविधशेष बनता है। यिद इसमें गाढ़ा किािस्टकि किा घोल
िमला दें तो ये अविधशेष पूणतर्मतया घुल जाता है। िकिसान
भाइयों इसी प्रकिार यिद िजकिं सल्फे ट किी जगह पर
मैगनीिशयम सल्फे ट किा प्रयोग िकिया जाय तो अविधशेष नहीं
घुलता है।
Note: This material is not intended to be read as a script. Please do not feel constrained by it—we provide it merely as a guide to assist you in using this presentation.
Slide One—Introduction
At Monsanto, we believe there is a deep bond between human well-being and the natural processes that sustain our earth. We are dependent on our environment to provide clean air and water, productive soils and a rich diversity of plant and animal life. Without these things, the quality of life for ourselves and for our children is in jeopardy.
A funny slide to breakup the class. This could be an Iraqi surface to air missile.