Advansed Fundraising Training - Reader_SEGA 2006

ADVANCED FUNDRAISING TRAINING
ADVANCED FUNDRAISING TRAINING
Access to funding for your organizations in Europe

READER

27-29 July 2006, Hotel Metropol - Ohrid, Macedonia

Reader Contents

Introduction and contents 3

Part 1: Excerpts from T-Kit on Funding and Financing Management 4
(published by the Partnership between Council of Europe and European Commission in Youth Field)

Part 2: EU Funding for youth NGOs 19
a. Information on the specific EU Funding for youth NGOs 19
(taken from EU SALTO Network until 2006)
b. Information on EU Funding for youth NGOs (new Program, 2007-2013) 24
c. National-based EU funding (EAR in Macedonia and similar) 37

Part 3: Information on Council of Europe Funding 38

Part 4: Additional material on Funding 51
a. Approaches to Fundraising (handout and presentation slides)
b. Developing Fundraising Strategy (handout and presentation slides)

Appendix 1: Additional sources of Funding 52

Appendix 2: Glossary 60

Appendix 3: European Dimension of a Local Youth Project 64

READER - ADVANCED FUNDRAISING WORKSHOP
27-29 July 2006, Ohrid - Macedonia

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Introduction and contents

Welcome to the Advanced Funding Training (AFT) organized by ‘SEGA’ – Coalition of
Macedonian youth organizations and project ‘Balkan Youth Without Borders’, also supported by
the Agency of Youth and Sport of Republic of Macedonia.

We designed this workshop to offer participants with an opportunity to develop further their
fundraising knowledge and skills. The participants are therefore expected to possess basic
knowledge on project development and fundraising approaches.

This reader, together with a draft program and the handouts you are going to receive throughout the
workshop, should help you to get more information about funding opportunities for youth
organizations in Europe today. Most of this workshop and therefore the contents of this Reader
focus on European funding. In the following pages, you will find information about the current and
future sources of funding for European youth projects offered by the European Union, both in
Brussels and in the countries of Western Balkans, and funding offered by the Council of Europe.
The information on other funding opportunities is limited to Appendix 1, which contains links to
several private and public donors active in Europe.

Part One of this Reader contains useful information and tips for fundraising approaches when
applying to European Funds. The text is taken from the T-Kit on Funding and Financial
Management, training manual produced by the youth sectors of the Council of Europe and
European Union.

Part Two contains parts of the official announcements and guidelines of the European Union on
their Youth Programs. At the beginning, we present you the core principles and lines of funding for
the current program 2001-06. The information on the new EU Youth program follows in more
depth. Eventually, we conclude this part with some basic information for EU funds available
through the EU Representation Offices and/or local implementation agencies.

Part Three brings the latest information about the funding for youth organizations provided by the
Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe. This funding, albeit limited, very often
provides funding for pilot and innovative projects with a distinctive intercultural learning
component.

Part Four brings more general information and overview of different funding approaches. In a way,
this part of the Reader is not specifically focused on European funding but rather aims at coherent
and concise presentation of different funding strategies. Furthermore, it contains information and
tips on how youth organizations should develop their organizational and fundraising strategy.

Facilitator and organizers’ team

READER - ADVANCED FUNDRAISING TRAINING
27-29 July 2006, Ohrid - Macedonia

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Part 1: Excerpts from T-Kit on Funding and Financing Management
(published by the Partnership between Council of Europe and European Commission in Youth Field)

“Die Phönizier haben das Geld erfunden – warum bloß so wenig?!”
(The Phoenicians invented money – but why so little?!)
Johann Nepomuk Nestroy (1801-62)
Austrian dramatist

The search for funding and financial management has been a challenge ever since organised youth activities
began some 150 years ago. In Europe funding for youth activities has come from various sources over the
years. Members of youth organisations and individuals have always been sources of financial and material
support. Support from religious communities, political parties and the state flourished throughout the 20th
century, though their respective roles changed dramatically as the century wore on. The latest change has
been the re-definition of the state’s role since the end of the Cold War division of Europe.
At the beginning of the 21st century the funding and financial management of youth activities in all parts of
Europe are characterised by three major trends:

a European mix of funding sources, combined with growing diversification and increasingly
influential international/transnational funding;
financial management is developing increasingly away from the mere administration and
disbursement of money into a complex system of relations with funders and donors, whether public
or private, individuals or groups, as well as with members, participants and young people;
access to funding is increasingly competitive, the basic model being calls for projects in line with
often rapidly changing political or organisational priorities.
This is typified by a focus on project- as opposed to administrative funding and by a tendency for
funders to have a mechanical vision of the effect of funding on long-term development.

The European mix of funding sources for youth activities
Funding for youth activities at all levels is increasingly raised from a broad range of sources. Often a single
project raises funds from individuals at local level, gets support from the municipal or national level and may
also receive support through the budget of the European Union. The project itself may have been conceived
as part of a regional youth policy plan, which may have been developed in cooperation with a foundation that
also gave some seed money for a pilot activity. The youth workers running the project may even have
attended a Council of Europe training course at the European Youth Centre which has developed their ideas.
This example is not limited to the youth sector. The diversity of funding sources is an increasingly common
feature of social policies in Europe. Admittedly, differences exist – for instance as regards the role of
independent funders such as foundations and trusts. Independent funders have entered the scene in an
unprecedented way.
Only some 15 years ago they played almost no role in most of the 45 member states of the Council of
Europe. Today, trusts and foundations, corporate giving programmes and individual philanthropists are
funding youth activities in all parts of our continent.
European Union funding has also reached all corners of Europe. All European countries are able to benefit
from it in one way or another. Young people and youth associations in countries which are not members of
the European Union often have access to democratisation or civil-society activities or can even participate in
specialised youth and education programmes.

Of course, the state and local self-government play an important role in supporting and funding youth
activities. Thanks to Council of Europe capacity-building and co-operative action, government at all levels is
contributing to youth activities, and certain Europe-wide trends can be observed. Finding a way through this
labyrinth has become yet another skill which volunteer and professional youth workers need to have. All too
often youth workers are their own fund-raisers and are given little assistance by their boards of management.
Ambitious plans often come with little financial provision except “Good luck with the fund-raising!”

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Financial and relationship management
Knowing the sources of funding is one step, understanding your funders yet another. Financial management
has developed more and more into relationship management. By this we do not mean that you will have to
deal with your bank manager but that any youth project takes place in a continuum of relationships many of
which are linked to financial transactions. Only if you are able to understand the motivation of your funding
partners will you be able to raise funds successfully on a long-term basis. Securing the funding for your
organisation means building a relationship and permanent dialogue with your funders. Ultimately, you want
to be able to influence the agenda of your funding partners with your ideas.

Competition as a basic idea in allocation of funds
The idea of competitive bidding for funds has taken root almost everywhere. Though, regrettably, not all
competitions are fair or transparent, individual European funding institutions have taken many measures to
ensure a fair and equitable process of project selection. Funding institutions’ calls for projects reflect
political and organizational priorities. By prioritising their fields of intervention, funders and funding
institutions try to achieve certain objectives in partnership with others. As such this process is to be
welcomed and reflects legitimate concerns of funding institutions and their political decision-makers.

Young people, however, do not live in project cycles. Youth workers think in terms of educational and
developmental processes rather than management objectives. The move away from structural administrative
support to calls for projects has a considerable effect on organisations’ work and culture. This effect is not all
negative, as it allows changes of programmes and priorities. But organisations which are not clear about their
own mission and strategy, purpose and goals, will find adapting to this reality difficult and dangerous, and
they will not be in a position to strategically influence the terms of reference of the funding they need.
Clarifying your own mission and strategy and identifying clear objectives for your actions have become key
tasks for youth organisations and workers. To compete, you need a good idea of what you can offer the
funder and how you can integrate a call for projects into your own plans. The challenge becomes to identify
priorities that you and the funding institutions have in common. If you are to maintain your own vision, this
is crucial. Otherwise your organisation risks being a mere “implementing agency” for other people’s ideas
and policy. At the end of the day, this is also a question of taking part in debate in your society. It is essential
for youth organisations to participate in the funding debate as actors and not just as passive beneficiaries of
new funding doctrines. Active participation in the funding debate will also allow you to react to quickly
changing priorities and fashions. All too often we see funding institutions seeking to achieve long-term
development goals through short-term funding programmes. In such an environment it is difficult to organise
long-term funding for organizational development when public sources, in particular, are scarce.

Sources of Funding
There are many sources of funding available to youth organisations and other non-profit organisations
working with young people. In general, one can distinguish three kinds of funding source:
• own resources, revenues and fund-raising from individuals;
• public funding from various levels of government, ranging from international/ European to local;
• independent funders, mainly foundations.

The following sections give a short introduction to all of these sources of funding and their characteristics.
You should consider all of them carefully in order to develop your individual funding strategy, whether for a
specific project or your organisation as a whole. In most cases you will combine at least two of the three
sources of funding. So a good grasp of the differences between them is important for your success as a
fundraiser and financial manager.

Section 1 – Own resources, revenues and fund-raising from individuals
When thinking about the various sources of funding, you should never overlook self-help: first of all it is
important to identify all the possible ways in which your organisation can raise money without approaching
an external funder or donor organisation. For any organisation it is essential to consider all the possible ways
of achieving financial sustainability. Experience shows that the best way is to be as independent as possible

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of external factors, such as frequent changes in funders’ policy. We would therefore like to draw your
attention to various ways of unlocking finance in your more immediate environment or community.

1) Membership fees – key to ownership and participation
Most youth activities are organised by youth organisations with young people as the individual members.
Membership fees are important not only because of the money raised, but even more because they develop
members’ ownership of and responsibility towards their organisation. People who pay membership fees are
periodically reminded that they are part of an organisation, which exists for them and because of them. When
members understand how their membership fees are used, it may even become easier to raise the amount or
to call for special donations.

Paying members also want to get something in exchange for their money: services, opportunities for
volunteering and participation, social events, new friends, etc. Therefore fixing the right fee is important. If
the fee is too low, being a member might be felt tobe irrelevant in terms of financial engagement. Thus the
higher the fee the more motivated the members tend to be. They become involved members instead of
passive ones.

Hint #1
Too high a membership fee in youth organisations can discriminate against or be an obstacle for young
people from a disadvantaged background. Some might not be able to pay a fee at all. However, just
exempting them from paying the fee is not always a solution. Adapting the fee to the financial situation or
replacing it by some contribution in kind is a better way round the problem. Never forget that paying a fee
makes people feel responsible and part of an organisation’s activities. Fees may also involve members in
further fund-raising activities.

2) Participation fees – get your project off the ground
Members are committed to a youth organisation and its goals. They often participate in its activities but they
are not necessarily the only ones who take part. Therefore you might wish to have different participation fees
for members and non-members. Often organisations recruit new members through their activities by offering
membership in combination with participation fees. This has the advantage of creating a source of income
over and above the basic project.

Hint #2
Youth activities should be open to all young people who are interested, so the same holds as for membership
fees – participation fees should be non-discriminatory and adapted to young people’s financial situation.
They should never become an obstacle to participation. In general, if someone wants to take part in an
activity and is directly benefiting from a specific project, there is good reason to ask her/him to contribute
financially. Sometimes the participation fee is symbolic or low because other sources of funding are
available. In this case participation fees are the best source of the “own contribution” part of the budget that
funders or donors request. Participation fees are also a good check on whether your project is relevant and
attractive to your target group. Asking participants to pay some of their fee in advance secures good cash
flow for your project as well: most funders will only advance the agreed money in instalments.

If a project is especially relevant and attractive to those who are involved in it but it is difficult to raise
funding, participants might be asked to cover all the project costs with their fees. This includes indirect costs,
such as administration, staff time, etc. Here, participation fees might be quite high but it is still acceptable to
set the same participation fee for all. In this way you can pool all available financial resources so that
everyone is participating under equal (or at least similar) financial conditions. For some youth organisations
participation fees are an essential part of their budget. In particular, organisations offering work camp and
exchange activities often rely on the fees collected from the people interested in taking part. If you can
charge participation fees it also tells you how relevant and attractive your projects are to your target group.

Hint #3
Collecting participation fees is not always straightforward. Charging fees may be taking you into the sphere
of commercial transactions as you are offering a specified service in return for payment. The transaction
might be regarded in your country as producing taxable income and conflict with your organisation’s not-for

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profit status. In some countries all income labelled as fees is treated as revenue from a commercial activity,
in others only fees totalling more than a certain sum fall under the heading of commercial activity. It is
therefore important to check the legal conditions for charging participation fees.

3) Providing services – your hidden financial potential
Services provided by your organisation might actually be a part of your “core work” which you never
thought of offering to others for payment. Most youth organisations have a lot of expertise which is of
interest to others. It might take the form of volunteers or staff who are experts in training or other fields your
organisation is engaged in. All youth organizations know a lot about young people in their community. This
knowledge or expertise could be offered to companies, other organisations or individuals in a position to pay
for it. If you do not want, or are not able, to offer knowledge or expertise you can also raise funds by
“creating work” for yourself and earning money from it. Your organisation’s members and volunteers are
valuable human resources who can offer their labour for money, which they can then donate to the
organisation. It does not take a big effort to distribute leaflets or wash cars for a couple of hours. Members
and volunteers of the organisation can be mobilised for a good cause. The good cause could be earning
enough money to cover the office rent or buy educational materials for poor children. The more people
participate, the more money can be raised by offering services in your community. Though this sounds easy,
bear in mind that this kind of fund-raising activity needs careful planning and good co-ordination. Most
importantly, people need to feel that they themselves are ultimately getting something out of it.

Hint #4
Whenever money enters your organisation’s bank account you need to be clear about its nature. Ask
yourself: “Do I need to pay taxes on it or not?”, “How can I avoid paying taxes?” etc. It is important that you
check the legal situation before you start a fund-raising activity. In most European countries organisations do
not have to pay tax on donations (at least up to a certain level), so you can organise events where people earn
donations to your organsation. When the organisation receives a donation it can often issue a receipt stating
that the donation is tax deductible so that donors get some benefit out of it as well.

Real-life experience #1
Schüler Helfen Leben – Raise 3.5 million Euros in a day
“June 18, 2002 was welfare day (Sozialer Tag). Classrooms in northern Germany
(Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Lower-Saxony and Berlin) remained empty as school pupils opted to work
for a social cause instead of attending classes. 210,000 school pupils tended gardens, carried suitcases in
hotels, cleaned aircraft. What they earned they donated to youth organisation Schüler Helfen Leben (School
Pupils in Aid of Life). Some 3.5 million Euros was earned by the welfare day. More than 150,000 companies
and private individuals supported the project and offered little jobs for a day. Afterwards northern-German
school pupils could relax, but for Schüler Helfen Leben the hard work in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo is
only just starting.”
More information available in German at www.sozialertag.de

4) Fund-raising classics
Never forget that business raises money from almost everything. If business can do it you might as well,
particularly since it is for a good cause. You can raise money from anything and there is a lot of experience
in this field. Some ideas for fund-raising events are:
• seasonal bazaars
• auctions
• tombolas
• street collections
• parties/discos
• sports competitions
• lotteries
If you are organising an event where the main priority is to raise funds there are two ways you can do it. You
can cut costs to a minimum and you can raise as much income as possible. Cutting costs does not necessarily
mean that you have to cut services or facilities. It means that you cut costs for your organisation. Increasing
income means that you look at every aspect of your event and exploit all areas to generate extra cash. In
general it is better to hold fewer, larger events than a lot of small ones because they raise more money with
less effort and they mean you are not asking people to turn out again and again.

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5) Publications – a difficult tool
Many organisations produce their own publications. Some try to target a wider audience than their own
membership. Publications with a wide circulation can potentially generate more money through sales than
they cost to produce. In addition you can sell advertising space. But many organisations communicate via the
Internet and production costs are high, so you should make careful calculations before going into print. A
key challenge for publications is good distribution. All of us have seen piles of brochures gathering dust in
youth organisations’ back rooms because nobody worked out a proper distribution plan beforehand. But how
about an advertisement on your website?

6) Mail campaigns – European diversity
Mail campaigns are a very specific way of raising funds from individuals. You will never have met most of
the people you ask for support. Your organisation will not know anything about them, except their addresses.
Most probably they will not have heard of your organisation either, so the success of the campaign depends
totally on your message and its presentation and credibility. The success of a mail campaign may be
influenced by external factors such as public awareness about the issue you are addressing. This often
depends entirely on how much coverage the issue gets in the media. First of all you have to make sure that
you are asking for money for a cause that people are likely to support. On the whole – to take an example –
people are not going to be interested in paying your office rent. Excellent graphic appearance, a clear,
concise message, good examples of your previous and current activities, easy-to-understand text and pleasant
style are all essential to the success of your campaign. It is also important to include precise information on
how the contribution can be made. As a rule of thumb, make it as easy as possible. For example, use forms
(credit card debit, bank draft, bank transfer, etc) which people can send back easily. If you opt for one of
these forms make sure that donors can post them to you free of charge (this means you have to pay or
arrange for postage).

There are considerable cultural differences in Europe regarding direct mailings. In some countries people are
used to giving in this way and have considerable trust in organisations. In other countries (most of central
and eastern Europe, for example) a mail campaign has little chance of success. Another important factor is
how well off the people you are targeting are. The very poor clearly lack the means, while the very affluent
may prefer a more personal approach. You may also get negative reactions to unsolicited letters. Some
people perceive them as intrusions into their privacy, in some countries more than in others. Mail campaigns
thus need to be well planned and thoroughly discussed in your organisation as they have high costs to start
with. If you are thinking of running one, even on a small scale, try to get advice from people who have run
similar campaigns in your community. Their experience might provide good guidance.

7) Payroll giving – an interesting option in some countries
One area of individual fund-raising which needs the support of employers is “payroll giving”. This is where
staff decide that they want to support a specific project or organisation by giving direct from their pay
cheques. Employees decide which organisation, and employers set up the system so that the money is
deducted from monthly or weekly pay and sent direct to the organisation benefiting.

In some countries the portion of salary donated is exempt from income tax. Some countries also have a
requirement that the employer respond to the employee initiative by paying the administrative costs.

Real-life experience #2
Catholic Youth of Kastl – year round mobilisers of local resources
Catholic Youth Kastl (Katholische Jugend Kastl) is a registered youth group in Kastl, a village with a
population of 1,500 in southern Germany. The group has around 70 members, of whom 30 are really active.
It is a self-organised group and their activities are mainly for the membership: a youth club, excursions,
parties, local volleyball competitions and participation in sports tournaments organised by youth groups in
surrounding villages. All the members pay a membership fee, which only covers insurance costs.
The group is very active in organising events for its members and the whole community which serve both
social and fund-raising purposes:
• A disco during Carnaval: this is entirely organised by the group. Money is raised through entry fees
and by selling drinks. The event generates around 2,000 Euros – the group keeps external costs (DJs,
rent of equipment etc) as low as possible.
• A traditional celebration on 1 May (the “Maibaum” or Maypole). The group is responsible for

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buying, installing and decorating the tree in the centre of the village. Volunteers also organise food
and drink stalls. The event raises around 500 Euros.
• A Johannisfeuer, another traditional celebration at the beginning of summer. Waste wood is
collected from local people and used to build a huge bonfire. At nightfall the bonfire is lit. At this
event the youth group again sells food and drinks and income is around 500 Euros.
• A Christmas bazaar: sale of Christmas decorations made by the members of the group.
• The village organises a big celebration every ten years – a great opportunity for the youth group to
organise larger events. Last time they organised a rock concert, which raised almost 10,000 Euros.

Note that none of these events is merely a fund-raising event. The youth group is organising a celebration for
the local community. The events are well attended because local people welcome them. At the same time the
group makes the most of all the fund-raising opportunities the events create. They keep costs down by co-
operating with other local organisations (such as the fire brigade), using volunteers and taking advantage of
personal contacts in order to get better rates for the goods they need. The money raised at these events is
used to cover the group’s costs, such as heating the room the group uses, excursions and camps (partially, as
participants also pay some of the cost here) and small parties for active members. The group often donates
money to charity – all the money raised by the Christmas bazaar, for instance.

Section 2 – Public sources

1) Funding at local, regional and national levels
By far the largest amount of funding from government comes from the local or regional level. Funds from
both national governments and the European level are mostly devolved to more local level with the intention
that they should be used to meet specific needs as identified by local people. In the case of the European
structural funds, these needs are described and prioritised in a regional development plan. As with all funds,
public funds are provided to meet specific agendas and priorities.

The challenge for the fund-raiser is to identify where those priorities match those of her/his project. For those
organisations with sufficient time and other resources, there is also the potential to influence these priorities
so that when funding becomes available there is more likelihood of a match. This is one more facet of the
concept of relationship fund-raising. Public funds cover a wide range of activity and so there are often
several “pots” of money – usually held by different departments in local or regional government – which
may be used to support a variety of work with young people. There is not always a standard application
process for accessing this money and often it is the reputation of your organisation which enables you to
“open the right doors”. Where there is a formal application process there is a clear need to understand the
regional and/or local agenda.

Hint #5
Ask members of the group to identify the links their organisations have with local and regional government.
• How do these links help with fund-raising?
• By generating information about available funds?
• By influencing local and regional government agendas which give access to funding?
Discuss how you would improve on the current situation.
• How would you initiate and/or develop such links?
Investment of time and energy in fund-raising is even greater at national level than at local or regional level
as there are more political, economic and social influences at work. Sometimes investment at national level
bears fruit at local level or (less likely) vice versa. We have explained that local public funding is closely
connected to local and regional government priorities. The same is true at national level, so an awareness of
government trends and priorities is essential for tapping into any funds which might become available.

Public funds are often time-limited and strictly constrained by deadlines and spending periods. Collection of
data to prove that the money was spent as agreed and has contributed to a particular social or economic
objective is also a common feature. Evaluation of work done with public funds is particularly important as
use of public money is subject to public scrutiny.

2) European Union funding – General info
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a) Trans-national European funds
The EU has a large number of funding “programmes” which are managed by the European Commission
through its different directorates. You have to distinguish between activities which are “transnational”
(involve more than one country) and activities that have no transnational element. The latter may still have a
European dimension and qualify for European Union funding under another programme. You should first
consider the piece of work you wish to do in some detail and then start looking at potential funders. Prior
planning will enable you to target the correct programmes and directorates. (See the rest of the T-Kit on
www.training-youth.net for more information on financial planning and management aspects.)

For example, if your project has to do with young people’s personal development then the directorate to
contact will be the one with responsibility for youth work (the Directorate General of Education and
Culture). If your focus is on a specific region then you will need to contact the directorate which deals with
this (or one of its agencies). For example the CARDS programme is managed by the European Commission
external relations directorate, responsible for south-east Europe.

b) The YOUTH programme (official name of the programme until end of 2006)
Certainly the most relevant funding programme for informal and non-formal work with young people is the
YOUTH programme. Full details are contained in a user’s guide, which can be downloaded from the
European Commission website. The website is updated regularly and you should consult it before you plan
to work with the YOUTH programme. (More information in Part Two of this Reader.)

c) The Leonardo da Vinci programme
This programme encourages vocational training activities and in particular transnational mobility initiatives
concerned with lifelong learning, employability and social inclusion. Exchanges of good practice,
development of training materials and projects linked toother programmes such as YOUTH and Socrates can
also be funded. Applications are made through national agencies, and public or private bodies involved in
vocational education and training are eligible to apply. The website of the Leondardo da Vinci programme
http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/leonardo.html

d) The Socrates programme
This programme aims to strengthen the European dimension within education by supporting projects which
improve knowledge and awareness of European Union languages, promote cooperation and mobility and
encourage innovation. The programme consists of several large actions, the most important ones being:
• Comenius – school education
• Erasmus – higher education
• Grundtvig – adult education and other educational pathways
• Lingua – language teaching and learning
• Minerva – information and communication technologies in education
All members (students, teachers etc) of the education community are eligible to apply. Mostly applications
will need to go through their institution. There is a network of national contacts at the European level.
The website of the Socrates programme: http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/socrates.html

Note: The current youth and education programmes run until the end of 2006.

e) The European Union structural funds
The structural funds involve much bigger sums of money but often cover work over a long period of time.
They are focused on economic and social development of regions and this can include training and personal
development for young people. The term “employability” is sometimes used to describe the kind of
outcomes required for this kind of funding. There are several funds that come under the heading of structural
funds but the most useful in the field of work with young people are the European Social Fund (ESF) and the
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). These funds deal with work carried out by colleges, NGOs,
private businesses and government agencies in geographical areas defined as Objective 1, 2 or 3. The lower
the number, the higher the economic need of the region or sub-region. Objective 1 and Objective 2 status is
applied to specific geographical areas whereas Objective 3 covers almost all other parts of the EU. A range
of agencies in each geographical area develop a regional development plan which is approved by the
European Commission and then used to prioritise grants for individual projects. Partnerships between

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agencies within a region are encouraged and in some regions the voluntary and youth sector is a significant
beneficiary of the funds.

Matching funds are usually required to make up the full cost of projects but in-kind support can also be used.
Details of the structural funds can be found at http://europa.eu.int/comm/regional_policy/index_en.htm and
at http://europa.eu.int/esf .

Note: These funds are sill not open for the countries of the Western Balkans. Nevertheless, it is important to
check the plans of your national EU Agency or Representation Office. Very often, EU has money that has
been allocated but not spent. It is worth checking.

f) European Union funding for pre-accession countries and third countries
European Union external aid is given by means of either (a) contracts to provide services, supplies or works
to beneficiary countries or (b) grants (generally for projects submitted by non-profit-making organisations).
This aid is usually provided under one of the European Union external aid programmes and instruments
(Phare, Ispa and Sapard for the candidate countries, Tacis for the new independent states and Mongolia,
Cards for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia-Montenegro, ALA for Asian and
Latin American countries, MEDA for the Mediterranean partners and the EDF for the African, Caribbean
and Pacific countries) or under specific budget headings, such as for South Africa.
The following table outlines the various instruments and programmes available. Many of them can be used
for youth and youth-related activities though they extend well beyond that sector in their scope.

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3) Council of Europe funding for youth activities
The work of the Council of Europe covers all major social and political issues affecting European society
(with the exception of defence) – human rights, media, legal co-operation, social and economic questions,
health, education, culture, heritage, sport, environment, local and regional authorities and youth.

Note: You will find more information on this funding in Part Two of this reader.

SECTION 3 – Independent funders
Among the first questions people often ask about independent funders are “Who are they?” and “What do
they do?” What are the different types of independent funder in Europe?
Types of independent funder:
• Foundations
• Corporate funders
• Individual philanthropists
Each type has its own characteristics and the way to approach them varies. Unfortunately, most people do
not realise the range and diversity of independent funders in Europe. Some people, indeed, have serious
misconceptions – for instance, about what foundations and corporate funders are and how they operate.

There are many differences between independent funders, including the distinction between organised
funders and “non-organised” ones. Foundations and corporate funders are mostly professionally staffed,
while individual philanthropists rely not on staff but on volunteers. In addition, it is important to keep in
mind that some foundations only employ a small staff in order to concentrate their resources on their funding
activities. Grant-seekers should note that every day each independent funder receives many applications and
may not have the time to look properly at each one. To help funders and their staff it is important that grant-
seekers carefully prepare their applications.

The T-Kit tries to answer the above questions and to clarify the varied landscape of independent funders in
Europe. It deals with this in three sections:
1. Foundations – This provides a snapshot of independent foundations in Europe today and shows their role
in modern philanthropy. It also details the different types of foundations in Europe.
2. Corporate citizenship programmes – examines corporate funders (another component of the
independent funding community), the long tradition of corporate citizenship and its current trends across
Europe.
3. Individual philanthropists – provides several tips on how to approach wealthy individuals.

See Appendix 1 of this reader for a directory of various foundations and corporate funders which offer a
starting point in any fund-raising effort.

1) Foundations
The foundation landscape in Europe is extremely varied, in part due to the many languages and cultures in
Europe and the different legal/fiscal environments from one country to the next. Foundations are an
important part of the independent funding community. They represent a valuable source of income for non-
profit organisations.

But what is a foundation? How have these organisations developed into important forces for social change
and valuable alternatives to traditional government support?
Do a British trust, a French fondation, a German Stiftung and a Polish fundacja have anything in common?
How comparable are they?

Along with the various terms for ‘foundation’ that exist across Europe, there are a number of different
foundation types. There are endowed foundations, community foundations, operating foundations and
corporate foundations. Some foundations in Europe are beneficiaries of lotteries or gambling. Others may be
considered to be collector/distributor foundations, collecting funds from various sources, including the
general public, to underpin their operational or grant-making programmes. Some foundations in Europe are
hybrids, combining several of these elements: for example the King Baudouin Foundation (Belgium) is an
operating foundation with an endowment, receives lottery proceeds, raises funds from the general public on a

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continuing basis, and has a grants programme.

Types of foundation in Europe
In addition to its conceptual definition of a foundation, the European Foundation Centre in Brussels
produced a Typology of Foundations in Europe (published by the EFC in 1997). The typology is an attempt
to provide a clearer picture of Europe’s diverse foundation community. It identifies four groups of
foundations. Each group has a number of sub-categories.
Four types of foundation in Europe:
• Independent foundations
• Corporate foundations
• Governmentally-supported foundations
• Fund-raising foundations

You may also classify foundations in Europe according to criteria such as the source of their finance, the
composition of the governing board (who is in control of decision- making?) or the approach to the
distribution of financial resources. Where does the money come from?
Foundations’ main sources of finance:
• interest on endowment
• donations and bequests (sums of money made available on the donor's death)
• lottery
• commercial activities (publications, etc)
• dividends on shares
• annual contributions from a company/companies
• fund-raising campaigns

Independent foundations
Independent foundations comprise the vast majority of foundations in Europe. There are however a number
of sub-groups which more accurately reflect the many different types of independent foundations. The
commonest types of independent foundation are the family-controlled and trustee-controlled foundations.
The original endowment establishing the foundation usually comes from an individual or family donation,
and the foundation makes grants and operates programmes with the proceeds from this. Independent
foundations also include prize-giving foundations, such as the Nobel Foundation, and those that receive
funding from lottery proceeds. In both cases a board of trustees directs grant-making activities. Within the
definition of an independent foundation, the EFC includes limited-duration foundations and funds as
recognised in Europe.

Example of an independent foundation: the Bernard van Leer Foundation (The Netherlands):
The Bernard van Leer Foundation was established in 1949. The foundation's income is derived from the
bequest of Bernard van Leer, a Dutch industrialist and philanthropist, who lived from 1883 to 1958. He was
the founder of Royal Packaging Industries Van Leer, which is now part of Huhtamaki Van Leer, a packaging
company operating in 55 countries worldwide.

Corporate foundations
There are two types of corporate foundation. A foundation with corporate interests is one in which the
foundation’s investment portfolio includes more than 50% of the voting shares in a company. This
investment in turn constitutes more than 50% of the capital with which the foundation performs its work.
Corporate foundations are separately constituted foundations established by a company, which depend
primarily on annual support from that company for their programmes. It must be noted here that many
corporations also make significant donations of goods, services and money through corporate citizenship or
corporate community investment programmes. Although not in the foundation typology, these activities are a
vital part of the independent funding available to non-profit organisations such as youth organisations. As
such, we look at corporate community investment in a separate section.

Example of a corporate foundation: Fundació La Caixa (Spain):
Fundació La Caixa came into being as a result of the merger of Fundación Caixa de Pensions and Fundació
Caixa de Barcelona. It is a non-profit organisation dedicated to serving society. The foundation is funded by
the Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona which, as a savings bank under Spanish law, may devote

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approximately 50% of its profits to socio-cultural activities.

Governmentally-supported foundations
Two types of governmentally-supported foundation are currently to be found in the EFC typology.
Governmental foundations include national, intergovernmental and supranational governed foundations. The
common feature of these is that the government body that established the foundation controls the key trustee
appointments, although some trustees may come from outside government. Funding generally comes direct
from the government although other sources of income may be sought. Political foundations, the second
type, are not common in Europe. These foundations primarily exist in Germany. Usually they are affiliated to
a political party and their programmes reflect that party’s interests and philosophy.

Example of a governmentally-supported foundation: the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (United
Kingdom): The Westminster Foundation for Democracy was established by Royal Prerogative.
The three main political parties in Britain are each represented on the Board of Governors, and appointed by
the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs after consulting the parties. There is also a
representative of the smaller political parties, as well as non-party figures drawn from business, trade unions,
the academic world and the non-governmental sector.

Fund-raising foundations
Although many foundations seek matching support for particular programmes or their grant-making
activities, this term refers primarily to foundations which are in a process of transition, attempting to build up
their asset base and in the meantime requiring a continual flow of finance. It is this longer-term objective
which distinguishes them from non-profit organisations, institutes and other non-governmental organisations,
which may likewise raise funds to support their own programmes. Fund-raising foundations seek to develop
into established grant-making institutions, and as such are primarily found in central and eastern Europe.

Example of a fund-raising foundation: Fundacja Pomocy Wzajemnej 'Barka' (Poland):
Fundacja Pomocy Wzajemnej 'Barka’ was set up to help marginalised groups such as former psychiatric
patients, the homeless, former prisoners, and vulnerable children or women. The first Barka community was
established at Wladyslawowo. The following year, the group merged with the Foundation in Aid of Persons
in Deep Crisis and went on to create two further communities. Since then, some 1,500 people each month
have been helped by the foundation's community, and have used educational and temporary services such as
food supply, banking, meal services, shower facilities, medical and dental care and after-/ pre-school
programmes for children. Activities led to setting up the Regional Centre for Non-Profit Non-Governmental
Organisations in Poznan, a group that encourages activities and represents the interests of the third sector.

Foundations in Europe today – common characteristics
Among the questions many people ask about foundations is “Why create a foundation?”
There are many possible reasons for doing so, depending on the type of foundation and, to a large extent, the
initial founder. Factors include:
• absence of natural heirs
• a desire to create a living memorial to the founder
• fulfilling a charitable purpose over a long period
• creating or maintaining a stable organisational framework for an existent organisation (e.g. the
World Scout Foundation)
• tax advantages
• creating an instrument for corporate communication (companies).

“A foundation lives in perpetuity” - any foundation aims to survive the death of its founder. In deciding its
mission and priorities, a foundation looks to the long term. This influences the choice of projects.
Foundations will always consider the future of the organisation they are funding and the follow-up to
projects. They will give funding priority to projects which will be self-sustaining after the grant ends.

“A foundation belongs to itself ” - having their own sources of income, foundations have a highly developed
sense of independence vis-à-vis governments and public institutions. They choose their own priorities and
the types of project they wish to fund. Thus they often play a valuable role in breaking new and controversial
ground. They play an important part in the distribution of wealth, taking action in areas where public

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authorities do not or cannot intervene. Foundations are keen to help tackle the root causes of problems, rather
than just palliatively reacting to adverse effects after the event. They may support relief action by non-profit
organisations and public authorities in humanitarian, environmental, social or other emergencies. However,
the bulk of their action is concerned with tackling the underlying causes and trying to anticipate change, in
particular by supporting research, building up expertise and testing new approaches, thus acting as catalysts
of innovation. Among the many different factors which influence the foundation community, it is relevant
to note the following trends:

Major areas of interest
Grants for postgraduate studies, support to school reform, research on cystic fibrosis, prizes for television
programmes, cross-border parliamentary exchanges, employment and business creation programmes,
research on risk prevention and improving management of health services are only a few examples of
foundations' activity in Europe.
Their action ranges from protection of the environment to early-childhood development, violence prevention
to health-care services, work with senior citizens to promotion of participatory democracy and community
dialogue across Europe and beyond. However, foundations’ emphasis in most countries is on education and
research, followed by welfare services. But there are exceptions. In France, for example, priority also goes to
health, in Ireland to housing and development and in Spain to culture and the arts.

Community foundations
A recent trend has been the development of community foundations (which may be treated as fund-raising
foundations). They are formal mechanisms enabling people in a community to collect funds in order to
improve its quality of life. They are vehicles to nurture, sustain and enhance informal community
philanthropy. Community foundations can be valuable tools for helping local communities address new and
growing social, economic and environmental needs by mobilising and leveraging new resources, making
grants to local projects and building collaborative relationships with other non-profit organisations,
businesses and government agencies. These are currently flourishing in the United Kingdom and developing
in other countries such as Germany and the central and eastern European countries.

International cooperation
Since the early 1990’s, there has been real development of international cooperation between foundations.
Many organisations and networks have been set up, demonstrating funders’ readiness to share expertise and
good practice. An example of this is the Brussels based European Foundation Centre, which is a knowledge-
based membership association of foundations and corporate funders, dedicated to strengthening organised
philanthropy in Europe and internationally. Founded in 1989 by seven of Europe’s leading foundations, the
EFC today serves a core membership of over 200 members, associates and subscribers.

4) Corporate citizenship programmes
A corporate citizenship programme (also called a corporate giving programme or corporate social
responsibility) is a grant-making programme administered within a profit-making company. Corporate
giving programmes usually do not have separate endowment and their annual grant totals are generally
directly related to current profits. In addition, some companies make charitable contributions through both
corporate giving and a company-sponsored foundation.

Corporate funders are fast becoming a more noticeable and accessible source of support for citizens’
associations, particularly for those non-profit organisations prepared to use lateral thinking in identifying
their funding needs. Corporate funders offer more varied forms of support than are traditionally provided by
foundations. Organisations which can define their needs in terms other than mere financial support can tap
into a rich vein of valuable aid. This aid naturally largely comprises direct financial support but, no less
importantly, can include:
• sponsorship
• training
• gifts of equipment or supplies
• employee volunteering
• matching of employee donations
• secondment of staff
Why do companies give?

15

• To create goodwill: to be seen as good citizens in the community
• To enjoy tax advantages
• To be associated with certain causes
• Because the Chairman is interested in a cause

Historical perspective
Although corporate citizenship has grown significantly in recent years, companies have been helping the
communities in which they operate for far longer. In Ireland, Guinness (now part of Diageo plc) can trace its
charitable record back to the 18th century, when it assisted the community around its brewery. In Germany,
the Daimler-Benz Corporation (now Daimler-Chrysler) has a history of support for education and the arts in
its local communities from the time of the Daimler/Benz merger in 1926. The company took the further step
of endowing an autonomous foundation, the Gottlieb Daimlerund Karl Benz-Stiftung, in 1986, and many of
the world’s largest corporations have done likewise in order to add an independent dimension to their work
in this area. In Italy cultural and artistic patronage started with aristocrats of the Italian Renaissance like the
Medici, forerunners in that sphere of present-day companies such as Olivetti and Fiat. These and many other
Italian multinationals now provide outstanding support to artistic endeavours throughout the world.

Today, and with considerable variety of activity in each country, corporate citizenship is growing vigorously
and gaining a higher profile. Across Europe intermediary organisations with corporate members are
encouraging and improving corporate philanthropic action. The leaders in these are firms keen to create a
climate of greater, more organised corporate citizenship.

Current trends
There are a number of reasons for firms’ growing interest in playing a more influential part in the
communities in which they operate and from which they make their profits. As a result of growing consumer
awareness and pressure, businesses now need to be seen to be honest, environmentally aware and concerned
for their communities. Greater competition and the need to hold on to a customer base means that those
businesses that are seen to be philanthropic attract more positive reaction from consumers. Although many
businesses have long practised this approach, it has often been unsystematic and not widely publicised.
Companies are now also beginning to recognise the value of in-kind support, and to include it in evaluation
of their corporate citizenship – rightly, as the corporate world can often more easily provide support in the
form of goods or property than direct financial aid. Corporations usually have a different approach to grant-
making from foundations. Each donation – whether direct financial aid or some other form of support – has a
value which can be measured by the company. These donations are not something the company is obliged to
do, but something it chooses to do as a part of its wider public relations.

When considering approaching a corporation for support, it is important for an association to look at what it
is offering in return. High-profile projects in which the name of the corporation can be prominently displayed
– and which they can use in their own publicity – are often the ones that corporations support. An
opportunity to both ‘do good’ and to promote the corporation’s image is the sort of project that is attractive.
Despite a history of supporting the arts, cultural projects and sport, corporations nowadays give support in a
wide range of areas. The environment has become popular, reflecting growing consumer concern about and
interest in the question.
The business community itself is also increasingly recognising its own social responsibility. Through their
own programmes, and working together to improve their social action, corporations are taking concrete steps
to meet that responsibility.

Example of a corporate citizenship programme:
Johnson & Johnson is the world's most comprehensive and broadly-based manufacturer of health care
products, as well as a provider of related services for the consumer, pharmaceutical and professional
markets. The Johnson & Johnson family of companies, consisting of more than 190 operating companies in
51 countries, has its worldwide headquarters in New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA, where the company was
founded over a century ago. The company currently employs 97,800 people. Johnson & Johnson focuses its
efforts on children's health, access to health care, and health education. In addition it supports local initiatives
that help the communities in which it is located and operates, thus 'contributing to a healthy future'.

Image-building

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Corporate funders deserve a special note here. Most corporations are well aware of the image-
enhancement/community-improvement function of their corporate citizenship activities. As a result they may
make very significant contributions – with some of the largest European grant-makers coming from the
corporate world – but within strictly defined geographical areas. These typically include the communities in
which they have plants or factories or where they have major markets for their products.

Approaching corporate funders
Corporate funders do sometimes require a slightly different approach. Some companies view their
community-investment programmes as truly philanthropic in nature; others view them in terms of
responsibility to the community. Corporations may set up a separate office to run their giving programmes,
or they may run them from community affairs, public relations or even marketing offices. Similarly, some
corporations establish a corporate foundation to run their community investments while others engage in
direct giving. Accordingly, and before applying to corporations for support, your organisation should
research them thoroughly to ensure they are appropriate to your needs. The overall approach to foundations
should provide the basis for your attitude to corporate donors but the following points should also be borne
in mind:
• programmes are generally aimed at improving relations between corporations and communities;
• how is your project going to enhance the company’s image?;
• companies primarily have to answer to shareholders;
• companies rarely support religious appeals.

5) Individual philanthropists
Just like foundations and corporate funders, many private individuals give to their communities simply
because they consider it to be the right thing to do. Deciding how to give is the hard part. Philanthropists are
wealthy individuals with general philanthropic concerns or interested in particular causes. The major
difference between the philanthropic individual and other independent funders is that they do not operate
within an organisation or company. Not having a particular mission or goal, they are very flexible in their
giving policy.

Despite a strong charitable impulse, most wealthy individuals enter the philanthropic sphere with little
experience. Many still practise chequebook philanthropy. Whatever the giving philosophy, giving wisely and
effectively increases the impact of the gift and is not just a matter of contributing to good causes.
Why do people give?
Most individual philanthropist are inspired to give by a variety of factors. This could range from religious
conviction to a sense of civic duty. There are many motives for setting aside money and other resources for
charitable purposes, such as:
• the satisfaction of helping people;
• the desire to leave a lasting imprint on society whilst making a significant difference;
• the desire to promote a set of views or a philosophy;
• setting up a memorial to a friend or loved one;
• giving back to a supportive community;
• tax benefits.
The critical challenge and opportunity is to engage with the individual philanthropist in helping them make
philanthropy an integral part of their lives. There are a number of mechanisms available through which a
wealthy individual can give to charitable causes. One of these is to give direct financial support, usually in
the form of a grant, to a charitable organisation which will welcome the gift and use it for its current
activities. Another approach is to set up a foundation. These two different approaches serve different
purposes. When setting up a foundation, for example, the founder will tend to be thinking long term: the
object is a foundation that will become an independent entity and outlive the founder, continuing the work
they began.

Individual philanthropists often turn to experienced foundations to learn about community needs and best
practices, as well as the pitfalls to avoid. Many foundations receive requests from new donors who have just
launched or are about to launch their own foundation. Yet few foundations are adequately equipped to
respond. Clearly many individual philanthropists are unsure how to best accomplish their charitable goals.
They question if their gifts really matter or if the groups they support are making good use of the grants.
Others express concern that gift-giving is not particularly satisfying. Firstly, many individual philanthropists

17

ignore the different steps involved in building a grant-making programme. How soon can money be
distributed? It is possible to start immediately, though for the sake of efficiency an incremental process is
advised. The process goes from establishing a grant-making policy, learning from other models, developing a
plan in writing and getting the message across to dealing with applications, making decisions, reviewing the
grant-making policy and continuing to build partnerships.

Secondly, it is important to realise that many individual philanthropists are value-driven and entrepreneurial,
largely as a result of their experience in business, and verymuch hands-on. For them, giving is both an act of
commitment and a serious long-term investment, complete with future exit strategies. Increasingly, there is
also an offshore or global dimension to their giving. In addition, these individual philanthropists often see
themselves as grant-makers rather than old-fashioned philanthropists. The main difficulty with individual
philanthropists is to identify them as there are no directories providing you with lists of their interests. Unlike
foundations, they do not publish annual reports, lists of grants made or application guidelines. One solution
to this is to obtain annual reports and project reports of organisations active in fields similar to yours. If they
thanked their funders – and they should have! – you can start doing some additional research, having
ascertained the shared interest.

Most individual philanthropists will also support projects which are to be carried out in the community they
live in or come from. It is useful to think locally in order to identify them. Local, regional or national
newspapers may help you here. In addition there are magazines that target the rich. The biggest difficulty
after identifying potential donors is to find out how to get in contact – addresses tend not to be given.
There are no rules in approaching individual philanthropists since they are not as organised as foundations.
However, most of the suggestions for approaching foundations and corporate funders also apply to
individuals. You are advised not to beg, and you need to be enthusiastic. You are not asking for money, you
are selling a project, an idea. In any case you will have to establish personal contact and be persuasive and
persistent. Individual philanthropists support people as well as good ideas. If they feel that you have the
people to make a project happen then they are likelier to support your organisation through a particular
project. This might then be the beginning of a longer-term relationship with the funder for your organisation.

You can find the entire Training Kit Nr. 9 on Fundraising and Financial Management at http://www.training-
youth.net.

18

Part 2: EU Funding for youth NGOs

a. Information on the specific EU Funding for youth NGOs until 2006 (taken
from EU SALTO Network)

EU YOUTH PROGRAMME (until the end of 2006)
The European Commission, the European Parliament and the Member States of the European Union
agreed jointly to establish the YOUTH Community Action Programme, which sets up the legal
framework in support of non-formal educational activities for young people. This Guide uses the
term YOUTH throughout to refer to the specific activities facilitated by the legally binding Decision
No 1031/2000/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 April 2000. The Programme
will run from 2000 to the end of 2006.
Implementation of the YOUTH programme is decentralised, the aim being to take action as closely
as possible to the beneficiaries and to adapt to the diversity of national systems and situations in the
field of youth. Each of the 31 countries participating fully in all YOUTH Actions has appointed a
National Agency. These National Agencies manage the bulk of YOUTH funds, and provide
information and advice. They also act as the link between the European Commission, project
promoters at national, regional and local level, and the young people themselves.
The User’s Guide is available in several different languages and is meant to be used as a reference
document. It aims to assist all those interested in developing projects for young people across a
range of countries and to help them understand both the objectives of the Programme and the types
of project that can (or cannot) be supported in accordance with the rules. It also sets out to give a
detailed picture of what information is needed in order to apply, what expenditure is eligible to
claim, and what level of grant can be offered for each project type. The User’s Guide offers a
detailed explanation of the criteria for the types of project which can be considered, a definition of
eligibility, both for countries and participants, as well as indicators concerning what cannot be
considered.
The main activities supported are divided into five Actions:
• Action 1 supports short-term group exchanges of young people aged 15 to 25;
• Action 2 supports voluntary service for individuals aged 18 to 25;
• Action 3 assists initiatives which are led by young people themselves;
• Action 4 offers the opportunity to develop projects linked to other Community Programmes;
• Action 5 provides support to develop new YOUTH projects and to enhance capacity
building and innovation in the field of international youth work.

Who can participate in the YOUTH programme?
The YOUTH programme primarily addresses young people aged between 15 and 25 who are legally resident
in one of the Member States of the European Union or other Programme
countries (see section B.2).
This Guide aims to inform young people and other actors in the field of youth and nonformal
education about the opportunities of the YOUTH programme and to help them gain
access to its challenges.
The following groups can participate in the Programme:
• groups of young people who want to organise a youth exchange or launch an initiative in their local
community
• young people who would like to get involved in European Voluntary Service
• ex-volunteers who are looking to build upon their experience
• youth organisations
• youth leaders

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• youth workers
• project managers or organisers in the field of youth and non-formal education
• other non-profit-making organisations, associations or structures.

Groups of young people, non-profit-making non-governmental organisations or associations, public
authorities and others experienced in the field of youth and non-formal education can participate in, and
apply for financial support from, the YOUTH programme. European non-governmental youth organisations
(ENGYOs), which are based in one of the Programme countries and have member branches in at least eight
Programme countries can also participate. They may apply directly to the European Commission or through
their national branches to its National Agency. In order to participate in most types of project co-financed by
the YOUTH programme, a partnership must be established with one or more partner(s), depending on the
rules prevailing for each Action and varying according to which country the partner(s) come(s) from.

The YOUTH programme is mainly aimed at partners from Programme countries (EU Member States,
EFTA/EEA countries and pre-accession countries). To a limited extent and under certain conditions, it is also
open to partner organisations from countries in other parts of the world, i.e. "Partner Countries".

What are the objectives and priorities of the YOUTH programme?
The Programme offers young people opportunities for mobility and active participation in the construction of
the Europe of the third millennium. It aims to contribute to the achievement of a “Europe of knowledge” and
create a European arena for cooperation in the development of youth policy, based on non-formal education.
It encourages the concept of lifelong learning and the development of skills and competencies, which
promote active citizenship.

The Programme strives to achieve and maintain a balance between personal development and collective
activity across all sectors of society while pursuing the following objectives:
• Facilitating the integration of young people into society at large and encouraging their spirit of
initiative.
• Helping young people acquire knowledge, skills and competencies, and recognising the value of
such experience.
• Allowing young people to give free expression to their sense of solidarity in Europe and the wider
world, as well as supporting the fight against racism and xenophobia
• Promoting a better understanding of the diversity of our common European culture and shared
heritage as well as of our common basic values.
• Helping to eliminate all forms of discrimination and promoting equality at all levels of society.
• Introducing a European element into projects which will have a positive impact on youth work at
local level.

A key priority for the European Commission is to give young people with fewer opportunities (from a less-
privileged cultural, geographical or socio-economic background, or with disabilities) access to the mobility
and non-formal education activities developed within the YOUTH programme. In close cooperation with the
National Agencies for the YOUTH programme, the European Commission has established a strategy for the
inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities into YOUTH. Within the framework of the
aforementioned general objectives and priorities, the European Commission and National Agencies draw up
specific priorities each year. In 2005, priority will be given to applications, all Actions of the YOUTH
programme included, dealing with:

• cultural diversity (e.g. by facilitating dialogue and joint activities of young people from
multicultural, multiethnic and multifaith backgrounds) and the fight against racism and
xenophobia;
• the inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities.
Moreover, individual Programme countries may identify national priorities, which fully respect the above-
mentioned priorities, e.g. geographical balance within the country and area of activity. Further information
on these annual and national priorities may be found on the Commission’s and other websites (see Annex).

How is the YOUTH programme structured?

20

The overall structure of the YOUTH programme promotes crossovers between, and integration of, different
Actions. This integrated approach facilitates a greater synergy between Actions so that best practices
developed in one Action may be transferred to others.
These five main Actions are:
Action 1 - Youth for Europe
Youth Exchanges and Youth Encounters offer an opportunity for groups of young people (aged 15-25) from
different countries to meet. They have a pedagogical value and a non formal learning aim, in that the groups
explore common themes and learn about each other’s cultures.

Action 2 - European Voluntary Service (EVS)
Under this Action, young people aged between 18 and 25 are able to spend up to 12 months abroad as
European volunteers helping in local projects in a wide range of fields: social, ecological and environmental,
arts and culture, new technologies, leisure and sports, etc.

Action 3 - Youth Initiatives
Through this Action, young people aged between 15/18 and 25 can obtain support to carry out a project at
local level. The intention is to give them a chance to develop as well as express their creativity and spirit of
initiative. It also aims at providing former EVS volunteers with a concrete opportunity to build upon the
expertise and skills acquired during their voluntary service.

Action 4 - Joint Actions
This Action brings together the SOCRATES (education), LEONARDO DA VINCI (vocational training) and
YOUTH (non-formal education) programmes. It provides support for initiatives that build on the
complementary nature of these three programmes and others, such as Culture 2000.

Action 5 - Support Measures
Action 5 contributes to foster capacity building and innovation in the field of international youth work and
provides a platform to create and strengthen partnerships between youth organisations and to exchange good
practice. It also, more specifically, assists in the planning, preparation and use of projects carried out within
the framework of the YOUTH Actions 1, 2, 3 and 5 by supporting training, cooperation and information
activities.

Call for innovative (former “large scale”) projects
In addition to the Action 5 activities/project formats described in this User’s Guide, the European
Commission launches annual Calls for innovative co-operation, training and information projects, targeted at
specific YOUTH priorities. The annual Call is published in the Official Journal of the European
Communities and at the following website http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/call/index_en.html, which also
provides information on previous similar and other Calls.

Who implements the YOUTH programme?
The European Commission
The European Commission, which initiated the Programme, is ultimately responsible for its smooth running.
It manages the budget and sets priorities, targets and criteria for the Programme on an ongoing basis. The
European Commission also bears overall responsibility for the coordination of the YOUTH programme
National Agencies, which are offices that have been designated and set up by the national authorities in
charge of youth affairs in each Programme country. The European Commission cooperates closely with the
National Agencies and oversees their
activities, as well as guiding and monitoring the general implementation, image, follow-up and evaluation of
the Programme at European level.

The national authorities
The EU Member States, as well as the other Programme countries, are involved in the management of
YOUTH, in particular through the Programme Committee, to which they appoint representatives. They are
also responsible for designating and monitoring the National Agencies (the latter task is shared with the
European Commission).

The YOUTH programme National Agencies

21

Their primary role is to promote and implement the Programme at national level. They have experience with
European programmes for young people and are familiar with the relevant issues and organisations. Each
National Agency acts as a link between the European Commission, project promoters at national, regional
and local level, and the young people themselves, and is a key contact point. The Agencies are responsible
for disseminating general information about the YOUTH programme as well as encouraging and facilitating
the establishing of partnerships. They are also responsible for the selection of projects according to the
criteria set by the European Commission. They advise project promoters and organise different kinds of
training activities. The National Agencies are the primary sources of information for the users of the
Programme.

Other structures
Apart from the bodies mentioned above, three additional types of structures provide complementary
expertise to the implementation of the YOUTH programme:
• The SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres, which play an active role in the field of youth training
and cooperation;
• The Eurodesk network, which are also relevant information relays in the youth field.
• The Council of Europe: the training-kits developed in the framework of the Partnership between
the European Commission and the Council of Europe can serve as useful tools for planning and
implementing projects (Actions 1, 2 and 5) For further details on the aforementioned structures,
please refer to the Glossary (page 5).

Which are the Programme countries?
Countries, which can participate in all five Actions of the YOUTH programme, are called “Programme
countries”. Member States of the European Union (EU)4
Austria Greece Poland
Belgium Hungary Portugal
Cyprus Ireland Slovak Republic
Czech Republic Italy Slovenia
Denmark Latvia Spain
Estonia Lithuania Sweden
Finland Luxembourg United Kingdom
France Malta
Germany Netherlands

Countries in the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) which are members of the European
Economic Area (EEA)
Iceland
Liechtenstein Norway
Countries which are candidates for accession to the European Union
(Pre-accession countries)
Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Which other countries can participate in the YOUTH programme?
The countries in other parts of the world (“Partner Countries”), which can participate in Actions 1, 2 and 5 of
the YOUTH programme, are divided into the following priority regions:

22

What are the general rules for activities with Partner Countries?
• Only Action 1 (Youth Exchanges), Action 2 (European Voluntary Service) and Action 5 (Support
Measures) are open to international cooperation
• Each international cooperation project has to involve one or more EU Member States depending on the
Action
• Projects should involve Partner Countries from the same region
• Pre-accession and EFTA/EEA countries involved in a project should not outnumber EU Member States
• Activities can take place in any of the countries which are involved in the respective project

What are the special conditions for pre-accession countries’ activities with Partner
Countries?
Pre-accession countries may only participate in international cooperation activities with the
neighbouring priority regions:
• Pre-accession countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey) may only participate in international
multilateral projects with Partner Countries in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus and South East Europe,
but not with Latin America and Mediterranean Partner Countries.
• Turkey, as well as being a pre-accession country, is also a Mediterranean Partner Country. Consequently,
it participates as a Partner Country in projects with other Mediterranean Partner Countries and EU
Member States.

For further detailed information and the application process, see the EU Guide.
http://europa.eu.int/comm/youth/call/index_en.html.

23

b. Information on EU Funding ‘Youth in Action’
(new Program, 2007-2013)

Excerpts from the Draft Programme Guide (version valid as of 1st of January 2007)
http://ec.europa.eu/youth

Introduction
The European Commission, the European Parliament and the Member States of the European Union
have agreed to establish the Youth in Action Programme, which materialises the legal framework
in support of non-formal educational activities for young people. It will run from 2007 to 2013.
(Legal decision…...)

The Youth in Action Programme, aims to respond at European level to the needs of young people
from adolescence to adulthood. This programme has been presented by the Commission after a
large consultation of the different stakeholders in the youth field.
Ensuring the continuity of the YOUTH programme 2000-2006, this programme is in line with the
recent developments of the European Framework of Cooperation in the youth field, and will support
this political process.

The overall budget of the Youth in Action Programme (2007-2013) will be 885.000.000 €.

Objectives of the Youth in Action Programme
The general objectives stated in the legal basis of the Youth in Action Programme are the
following:

• Promote young people’s active citizenship in general and their European citizenship in
particular;
• Develop solidarity and promote tolerance among young people, in particular in order to
foster social cohesion in the European Union;
• Foster mutual understanding between young people in different countries;
• To contribute to developing the quality of support systems for youth activities and the
capabilities of civil society organisations in the youth field;
• Promote European cooperation in the youth field.

These general objectives shall be implemented at project level taking into consideration the
following priorities.

Priorities of the Youth in Action Programme

1) Participation of young people
A main priority of the Youth in Action Programme is the participation of young people in
democratic life. The overall objective for participation is to encourage young people to be active
citizens. This objective has the three following dimensions, laid down in the Commission’s
communication on the common objectives for the participation and information of young people1:
• To encourage the effective participation of young people in democracy,
• To encourage their participation in social life and

1
COM (2003)184 final of 11 April 2003
24

• To offer young people an opportunity to learn to participate
Projects funded under the Youth in Action Programme should reflect the participation objective by
using participation as a pedagogical principle for the project implementation.

2) Cultural Diversity
Cultural diversity and the fight against racism and xenophobia are permanent priorities of the
Youth in Action Programme. By facilitating joint activities of young people from different cultural,
ethnic and religious backgrounds, the programme aims to develop the intercultural learning of
young people.

As far as the development and implementation of projects is concerned, this means that young
people participating in a project should become aware of its intercultural dimension. Intercultural
working methods should be used to enable project participants to participate on an equal basis
regardless of their educational level and language skills.

3) European citizenship
Making young people aware of the fact that they are European citizens is a new priority of the
Youth in Action Programme. The objective is to encourage young people to reflect upon European
topics including European citizenship and to involve them in the discussion on the construction and
the future of the European Union.

On this basis, projects should have a strong European dimension and stimulate the reflection on the
emerging European society and its values.

4) Inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities
An important priority for the European Commission is to give young people with fewer
opportunities access to the Youth in Action Programme.

In close cooperation with the National Agencies and the SALTO Resource Centres Programme, the
European Commission has established a strategy for the inclusion of young people with fewer
opportunities in the Youth in Action Programme targeting in particular young people from a less-
privileged cultural, geographical or socio-economic background, or with disabilities.

Youth groups and organisations should take appropriate measures to avoid exclusion of specific
target groups. The Youth in Action Programme is a programme for all and efforts should be made
to include young people with special needs.

Structure of the Youth in Action Programme
In order to achieve its objectives, the Youth in Action Programme foresees five operational actions.

Action 1 – Youth for Europe
The aim of this action is to:
• increase mobility of young people by supporting youth exchanges and to
• develop young people’s citizenship and mutual understanding by supporting youth
initiatives, projects and activities concerning their participation in democratic life.

Action 1 supports the following measures.
1.1 Youth Exchanges
Youth Exchanges offer an opportunity for groups of young people (aged 13 to 25) from different
countries to meet and learn about each other’s cultures. Their pedagogical value and non-formal
learning element comes from the fact that the groups explore common themes.
25

1.2. Youth Initiatives
This measure supports group projects designed at local, regional and national level and the
networking of similar projects in different countries, in order to strengthen their European aspect
and to enhance cooperation and exchanges of experiences between young people. It addresses
young people between 18 and 30.

1.3. Youth Democracy Projects
This measure supports young people’s participation in the democratic life of their local, regional or
national community. It is open to young people between 13 and 30.

Action 2 – European Voluntary Service
The aim of the European Voluntary Service is to support young people's participation in various
forms of voluntary activities, both within and outside the European Union.

Under this Action, young people (aged 18 to 30) take part individually or in groups in non-profit-
making, unpaid activities. The service may last up to twelve months. Certain activities may admit
young people from 16 years old.

Action 3 – Youth in the World
The aim of this action is:
• to support projects with the partner countries, in particular exchanges of young people and
those active in youth work and youth organisations and the development of partnerships
and networks of youth organisations and
• to support initiatives that reinforce young people’s mutual understanding, sense of solidarity
and tolerance, as well as the development of cooperation in the field of youth and civil
society in these countries.

3.1. Cooperation with the neighbouring countries of the enlarged Europe
This measure supports projects with neighbouring partner countries. It supports exchanges,
networking, capacity building of NGOs, initiatives, innovation and information activities in the
field of youth. If adequate national management structures are available in these countries,
individual or group initiatives at local, regional or national level can also be supported.

3.2. Cooperation with other countries
This measure concerns cooperation in the field of youth, in particular the exchange of good
practices with Partner Countries from other parts of the world. It encourages the exchange of good
practices through exchanges and training of youth workers, partnerships and networks of youth
organisations.

Action 4 – Youth support systems
The aim of this action is to support bodies active at European level in the field of youth, in
particular the operation of youth NGOs, their networking, advice for people developing projects,
ensuring quality by means of the exchange, training and networking of those active in youth work
and youth organisations, encouraging innovation and quality, providing young people with
information, developing the structures and activities needed for the Programme to meet these goals
and encouraging partnerships with local and regional authorities.

Action 4 is subdivided into eight measures:

4.1. Support to bodies active at European level in the field of youth
26

This measure concerns operational grants to NGOs active at European level in the field of youth
that pursue a goal of general interest. Their activities are aimed at young people’s participation in
public life and in society and the development of European cooperation activities in the field of
youth.

4.2. Support to the European Youth Forum
A grant is awarded every year under this measure to support the ongoing activities of the European
Youth Forum.

4.3. Training and networking of those active in youth work and youth organisations
This measure supports the training of those active in youth work and youth organisations, in
particular the exchange of experiences, expertise and good practice between them; as well as
activities which may lead to long-lasting quality projects and partnerships and networks.

4.4. Projects encouraging innovation and quality
This measure supports projects aimed at introducing, implementing and promoting innovative
approaches in the youth field.

4.5. Information activities for young people and those active in youth work and youth organisations
Under this measure support is given to activities at European and national level which improve
young people’s access to information and communication services and increase the participation of
young people in the preparation and dissemination of user-friendly, targeted information products.
It also supports the development of European, national, regional and local youth portals for the
dissemination of specific information for young people.

4.6. Partnerships
This measure is for the funding of partnerships with regional or local bodies, in order to develop
long-term projects which combine various measures in the Programme.

4.7. Support for the structures of the Programme
This measure funds the management structures of the Programme, in particular the National
Agencies.

4.8. Adding to the value of the Programme
This measure will be used by the Commission to fund seminars, colloquia and meetings to facilitate
the implementation of the Programme and the valorisation of its results.

Action 5 –Support for European cooperation in the youth field
The aim of this action is:
• to organise structured dialogue between the various actors in the field of youth, in particular
the young people themselves, those active in youth work and youth organisations and
policymakers,
• to support youth seminars on social, cultural and political issues in which young people are
interested,
• to contribute to the development of policy cooperation in the youth field and
• to facilitate the development of the networks necessary to a better understanding of youth.

5.1. Meetings of young people and those responsible for youth policy
This measure supports cooperation, seminars and structured dialogue between young people, those
27

active in youth work and those responsible for youth policy. The activities include the conferences
organised by the Presidencies of the Union and the European Youth Week

5.2. Support for activities to bring about better knowledge of the field of youth
This measure supports projects involving the identification of existing knowledge relating to the
priorities in the field of youth, established under the open method of coordination.

5.3. Co-operation with international organisations
This action will be used to support the European Union’s cooperation with international
organisations working in the youth field, in particular the Council of Europe, the United Nations or
its specialised institutions.

Who implements the Youth in Action Programme?

The European Commission
The European Commission, which initiated the Programme, is ultimately responsible for its smooth
running. It manages the budget and sets priorities, targets and criteria for the Programme on an
ongoing basis. Furthermore it guides and monitors the general implementation, follow-up and
evaluation of the Programme at European level.

The European Commission also bears overall responsibility for the coordination of the National
Agencies, which are offices that have been designated and set up by the national authorities in
charge of youth affairs in each Programme country. The European Commission cooperates closely
with the National Agencies and oversees their activities.

The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency is responsible for the implementation of
the centralised actions of the Youth in Action Programme. In this context, it is in charge of the
complete life cycle of projects.
In addition, it undertakes the support activities set out on page x.

The National Authorities
The EU Member States, as well as the other Programme countries, are involved in the management
of Youth in Action, in particular through the Programme Committee, to which they appoint
representatives. They are also responsible for designating and monitoring the National Agencies
(the latter task is shared with the European Commission).

The National Agencies for Youth in Action
Implementation of the Youth in Action Programme is mainly decentralised, the aim being to take
action as closely as possible to the beneficiaries and to adapt to the diversity of national systems and
situations in the field of youth. Each of the 31 countries participating in all Youth in Action
Actions has appointed a National Agency. These National Agencies promote and implement the
Programme at national level and act as the link between the European Commission, project
promoters at national, regional and local level, and the young people themselves. It is their task:

• to collect and provide appropriate information on the Youth in Action Programme;
• to administer a transparent and equitable selection process for project applications;
• to provide effective and efficient administrative processes;
• to seek co-operation with external structures in order to help to implement the Programme;
• to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the Programme;
28

• to provide support to project applicants and promoters throughout the project life cycle;
• to form with all National Agencies and the Commission a good functioning network;
• to improve the visibility of the Programme

Beside that they play an important role as intermediate structure for the development of youth work
by:

• creating opportunities to share experiences;
• providing training and non-formal learning experiences;
• promoting values like social inclusion, cultural diversity and active citizenship;
• supporting all kind of youth structures, especially non-organised
• Finally, they act as a supporting structure for the European co-operation in the youth field.

Other structures
Apart from the bodies mentioned above, the following structures provide complementary expertise
concerning the Youth in Action Programme:

The SALTO Resource Centres

The aim of the SALTO Resource Centres is to support the quality of projects funded under Youth
in Action in the priority fields. In these European priority areas, SALTO-YOUTH provides
resources, information and training for National Agencies and European youth work.

The Eurodesk network

The Eurodesks are a European network of relays providing information relevant to young people
and those who work with them, on European opportunities in the education, training and youth
fields, and the involvement of young people in European activities.

The Partnership between the Commission and the Council of Europe in the field of youth work

The Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe aims to give
impetus to and increase synergies between training and research activities in the field of youth.

Who can participate in the Youth in Action Programme?

The Youth in Action Programme addresses young people aged between 13 and 30 who
are legally resident in one of the Member States of the European Union or the Programme
countries, as well as other actors in the field of youth and non-formal education.

The main target group of the programme are young people between 15 and 28 years.

Age limits for participants
The age limits applying to each of the actions are set out in the table below.

Upper age limits: Participants must not be older than the indicated maximum age at the
application deadline. For example, if the upper age limit is 25 years, participants must not be older
than 25 years and 364 days at the application deadline.
Lower age limit: Participants must have reached the minimum age at the application deadline. For
example, if the lower age limit is 13 years, participants must have celebrated their 13th birthday by
the application deadline.

29

Lower age limit Upper age limit Exception
Action 1: Youth for Europe

1.1 Youth Exchange 13 25
1.2. Youth Initiatives 18 30 16-30
1.3. Youth democracy
projects 13 30

Action 2: European Voluntary Service
Lower age limit Upper age limit Exception
18 30 16-30

Action 3: Youth in the world
Same rules as for Youth Exchange and Youth Initiatives in Programme countries, no age
limits for youth support system projects

Action 4: Youth support systems
No age limits

Action 5: European cooperation in the youth field
No age limits

The exceptional lower age limits, foreseen for Youth Initiatives and for EVS, may only be applied
under the condition that appropriate supervision is provided.

The Programme is open to all young people independently of their level of education or social and
cultural background

Programme Countries

The following countries are Programme Countries:

Member States of the European Union (EU)

30

Austria Germany Malta

Belgium Greece Netherlands

Cyprus Hungary Poland

Czech Republic Ireland Portugal

Denmark Italy Slovak Republic

Estonia Latvia Slovenia

Finland Lithuania Spain

France Luxembourg Sweden

United Kingdom

Participating countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA)

which are members of the European Economic Area (EEA)

Iceland Liechtenstein Norway

Participating countries which are candidates for accession to the European Union

Bulgaria Romania Turkey

Programme Countries can participate in all actions of the Youth in Action Programme.

Most types of project co-financed by the Youth in Action Programme require a partnership to be
established with one or more partners. A distinction is made between Programme Countries and
Partner Countries

Partner Countries

The Youth in Action Programme supports cooperation between Programme Countries and the
following Partner Countries:

Countries participating in the Stabilisation and Association process

31

South East Europe

Albania

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Croatia

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)

Montenegro

Serbia2

Countries participating in the European Neighbourhood Policy3

Euromed Eastern Europe and Caucasus
Algeria
Egypt
Armenia
Israel
Azerbaijan
Jordan
Belarus
Lebanon
Georgia
Morocco
Moldova
Palestinian Authority of the West
Russian Federation
Bank and Gaza Strip
Ukraine
Syria

Tunisia

Partner Countries can participate in action 3 and also in action 2.

General selection procedures
Young people and project promoters interested in setting up a project must complete the relevant
application forms and follow the application procedures which are explained in more detail under
each Action.

2
3
Except the Russian Federation, enjoying a special partnership with the EU.
32

Compliance with the objectives, formal and quality criteria, as well as the priorities of the Youth in
Action Programme and its Actions, are the basis for each grant award decision.

Applications are processed at national level or for some specific project types, at European level
according to the following rules:

At national level

The vast majority of applications are processed at national level by the National Agencies. Projects
are selected by national selection panels, which are composed of people familiar with the youth
field and youth activities, for example members of National Youth Councils. Selections are made in
accordance with the European Commission’s guidelines.

At European level

Only a limited number of specific project types are dealt with directly at the European level and are
selected by the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the European
Commission.

In all actions, European non-governmental youth organisations (ENGYOs), which are based in one
of the Programme Countries and have member branches in at least eight Programme Countries must
apply directly to the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency.

Application deadlines

For projects that are selected at national level, there are five application deadlines a year:
Projects starting between Application deadline
1 May and 30 September 1 February
1 July and 30 November 1 April
1 September and 31 January 1 June
1 December and 30 April 1 September
1 February and 30 June 1 November

For all projects selected at European level, as well as projects involving Partner Countries under
Action 3.1, there are three application deadlines a year:

Projects starting between Application deadline
1 July and 30 November 1 February
1 November and 30 March 1 June
1 January and 30 June 1 September

Application forms

The National Agencies and the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency of the
European Commission provide the official application forms. They can also be downloaded from
the Commission’s, the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency’s and the National
Agencies’ websites (see Annex).

Applications must be submitted to the National Agencies (if dealt with at national level) or to the
Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (if dealt with at European level) by the
deadlines given in the grid above.

33

Notification of selection panels’ decisions
The meetings of the selection panels, whether at European or at national level, usually take place
between 6 and 8 weeks after the application deadlines. In general, applicants are notified of the
selection panels’ decisions with respect to their application ten to twelve weeks after the application
deadline. For more detailed information on selection panels’ results, applicants are invited to
contact their National Agency (for projects selected at national level) or the Executive Agency of
the European Commission (for projects selected at European level).

General financial rules on Community grants
As all Community grants, financial contributions awarded under the Youth in Action Programme
are subject to some rules. Their application is compulsory and does not allow any exception under
the Programme.

Grant amount

On the one hand, the amount granted by the contract is to be considered as a maximum which
cannot be increased in any circumstances.

On the other hand, the final amount is only granted after the analysis of the final report and can be
reduced following the current implementation of the project: if final total costs are less than
foreseen in the application then the grant will be reduced proportionally.

No-profit

Grant awarded may not have the purpose or the effect of producing a profit for the beneficiary (or a
loss neither). In practical terms this means that the total funding of a specific project must be equal
to the total costs. If the total receipts are higher than the final total costs, the Community grant will
be reduced accordingly after the analysis of the final report. This might bring to recovery of
amounts previously paid.

Cofinancing

The grant cannot finance the entire costs of the project. Promoters must show their commitment in
the implementation of the project by finding financing sources other than the Community grant.
This can be done, for example, by running fund-raising activities, by adding own resources and, or,
by requesting grants to other organisations (i.e. Municipalities, Regions and other local/regional
authorities). Proofs of co-financing must be shown in the final report.

No double-financing

One single project is entitled to receive one, and only one, grant from the Community budget.
Projects which plan to, or have obtained another Community grant are deemed ineligible.

Non retroactivity

No grant may be awarded retrospectively for actions already completed.

A grant may be awarded for an action which has already begun only where the applicant can
demonstrate the need to start the action before the agreement is signed. In such cases, expenditure
eligible for financing may not have been incurred prior to the date of submission of the grant
application.

34

IMPORTANT: Starting the project before signing the agreement is done at the risk of the
Organisation and does not give any additional right in having a grant awarded.

For specific grant awarding rules for each Action of the Programme please refer to the detailed
sections of this Guide.

Eligibility period - difference between project dates and activity dates

The project dates cover the whole period from initial preparation to final evaluation. The activity
dates refer to the period during which the actual activity takes place (e.g. the day the volunteer
arrives in the host country until the day he/she leaves, the first and the last day of a Youth Exchange
programme, etc.).

Selected projects must not start earlier than indicated in the table above. It is strongly recommended
that activities do not start on the first day of the project period, as this would mean that costs linked
to preparatory work are incurred prior to the project period and cannot be covered by the grant.

The final report of a project must be sent to the National Agencies, for projects selected at national
level, and to the Executive Agency of the European Commission, for projects selected at European
level, no later than 2 months after the end of the project.

List of contact details

EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Directorate-General for Education and Culture
(DG EAC)
YOUTH programme Unit
YOUTH Policy Unit
B – 1049 Brussels

Tel: +32 2 299 11 11
Fax: +32 2 299 40 38

Website: http://ec.europa.eu/youth

______________

Education, Audiovisual, and Culture Executive Agency
Youth Department
Rue Colonel Bourg 139
B-1140 Brussels

Tel: +32 2 29 97824
Fax: +32 2 29 21330

35

E-mail: youth@ec.europa.eu
Website: http://eacea.cec.eu.int

European Youth Portal
A dynamic and interactive Portal in 20 languages for young people

http://europa.eu/youth/

SALTO SOUTH EAST EUROPE RESOURCE CENTRE - SLOVENIA
MOVIT NA MLADINA
Ms. Sonja MITTER
Dunajska, 22
SI - 1000 Ljubljana
Tél.: +386-1-430.47.47
Fax: +386-1-430.47.49
E-mail: see@salto-youth.net
Website: http://www.salto-youth.net/see/

The Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe

Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe
“The Partnership”
30 Rue de Coubertin
F – 67000 Strasbourg Cedex

Tel: + 33 3 88 41 23 00
Fax: + 33 3 88 41 27 77/78

E-mail : youth@coe.int

Websites:

http://www.coe.int/youth

http://www.training-youth.net

36

c. National-based EU funding (EAR in Macedonia and similar)
Note: Special brochures published by the EU will be distributed at the Workshop. More
informal information about the future of the specific EU funding for youth organizations in
Macedonia, Kosova, Montenegro and Albania will be shared with participants at the Workshop.

37

Part 3: Information on Council of Europe Funding

Priorities of the Directorate of Youth 2006-08

1. Human Rights Education and Intercultural Dialogue, with special emphasis on

• youth promoting global solidarity and the peaceful transformation of conflict;
• youth promoting intercultural dialogue, inter-religious co-operation and respect for cultural
difference;
• developing networks of trainers and multipliers in Human Rights Education with young
people ;
• supporting and promoting good practice in Human rights education and intercultural
dialogue at the local level ;
• supporting the recognition of human rights education and intercultural dialogue in formal
and non-formal education.

2. Youth Participation and Democratic Citizenship, with special emphasis on:

• promoting and sustaining the role of youth organisations in the development of democratic
participation;
• promoting citizenship education and participation of and by young people;
• promoting access of young people to decision-making.

3. Social Cohesion and Inclusion of Young People, with special emphasis on:

• facilitating the access of young people to working life and to social rights;
• youth work and policy responses to violence;

4. Youth Policy Development, with special emphasis on:

• developing and promoting standards for youth policies, in connection with Child policies in
the Council of Europe and its member states;
• fostering the recognition of youth work and non-formal education competences in the
member states;
• developing and sharing knowledge on the situation of young people;
• supporting the quality and sustainability of European youth work training and policy.

In this context, the Directorate of Youth and Sport attached great importance to the implementation
of the 2006-2007 European Youth Campaign on Diversity, Human Rights and Participation,
conceived in the spirit of the 1995 Campaign “All different-all equal”, as decided as part of the
Action Plan adopted by the Heads of State and Government during their third Summit in Warsaw,
on 16-17 May 2005. The campaing will be implemented at European, national and local levels.

38

Financial Support

The Council of Europe Directorate of Youth and Sport provides different types of support to
international youth activities and organisations by working with “multipliers”, i.e. young people and
youth workers who are in a position to pass on new knowledge to other young people and
colleagues.

Please note that the Council of Europe’s youth sector does not allocate financial support to
individual young people such as student grants, housing allowances or travel allowances.

1. European Youth Foundation (EYF)

2. Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility (FSMJ)

3. Study Sessions

1. EUROPEAN YOUTH FOUNDATION (EYF)

The European Youth Foundation (EYF) is a fund established in 1972 by the Council of Europe to provide financial
support for European youth activities. It has an annual budget of approximately 3 million Euros. Since 1972, more than
300 000 young people, aged between 15 and 30 and mostly from member states, have benefited directly from EYF-
supported activities. In 2005 the EYF supported some 300 projects involving more than 15 000 young people.

Its purpose is to encourage co-operation among young people in Europe by providing financial support to such European
youth activities which serve the promotion of peace, understanding and co-operation in a spirit of respect for the Council
of Europe's fundamental values such as human rights, democracy, tolerance and solidarity.

The EYF thus provides financial support to the following types of activity undertaken by non-governmental youth
organisations or networks or by other non-governmental structures involved in areas of youth work relevant to the
Council of Europe's youth policies and work:

• educational, social, cultural and humanitarian activities of a European character;
• activities aiming at strengthening peace and co-operation in Europe;
• activities designed to promote closer co-operation and better understanding among young people in Europe,
particularly by developing the exchange of information;
• activities intended to stimulate mutual aid in Europe and in the developing countries for cultural, educational and
social purposes;
• studies, research and documentation on youth matters.

ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN BE FINANCED BY THE EYF

A. International youth meetings (Category A)
The EYF may provide financial support for organising international youth meetings for youth leaders, including seminars,
conferences, workshops, camps, festivals, etc.

B. Youth activities other than meetings (Category B)
Apart from meetings, the types of youth activities eligible for EYF financial support are studies, research projects and the
production of information and documentation on youth issues. In this category the Foundation may support, for example:

- specialised publications (such as training manuals);
- newsletters or magazines produced by international youth organisations or networks;
- information campaigns;
- exhibitions and the production of audio-visual materials etc;
- the development of websites or the production of CD-ROMs;
- the production of posters, badges and stickers;
- research projects on youth-related issues.

39

In the same category, the EYF can also grant study visits enabling youth organisations and networks to make new
contacts in Europe and thus extend partnerships and develop co-operation.

C. Administration of international non-governmental youth organisations and networks (Category C)
The European Youth Foundation may, on an annual basis, grant international non-governmental youth organisations or
networks a contribution to cover part of the general administrative costs involved in running their activities at European
level.

The Foundation may also contribute to the administrative costs of international non-governmental youth organisations
and networks, during a maximum period of three years, in order to help them to establish a European structure
(Category C bis).

D. Pilot projects (Category D)

Since 1 January 2000, the European Youth Foundation (EYF) is able to provide financial support to pilot projects carried
out in the form of meetings between young people or activities other than meetings (documentation, research and
publications). This facility has been introduced in order to enable the EYF to provide as effective a response as possible
to the priority objectives of the Council of Europe's youth policy which, by their very nature, call for means of action which
are not subject to excessively rigid rules, conditions and criteria.

These priority objectives are:

• to help young people, particularly disadvantaged young people, deal with the challenges facing them and fulfil
their own aspirations;
• to encourage new forms of youth participation and organisation;
• to make a contribution to social cohesion, including through the fight against exclusion and the prevention of
phenomena affecting young people more particularly;
• to adapt and broaden programmes and structures in line with changes in society.

NOTE: The following types of activity cannot be financed by the EYF:
• operations of a commercial nature
• the construction, purchase or equipment of buildings
• tourist activities
• statutory meetings
• activities part of a school or university programme
• activities with only a vocational training character

WHO CAN APPLY FOR AN EYF GRANT?

An international non-governmental youth organisation or network

A national or local non-governmental youth organisation or network

Non-governmental structures involved in youth work

PROCEDURE FOR SUBMITTING APPLICATIONS TO THE EYF

On 10 March 2004 the European Youth Foundation introduced a computerised system to manage the registration of
youth NGOs, grant applications and follow up. On the web site of the EYF, youth NGOs can register with the EYF,
submit their projects online and monitor the progress of the applications and the administrative follow up.

It has been possible to introduce this new system thanks also to the partial financial support of the UIC (International
Union of Railways).

The new system is accessible via the following browsers: Internet Explorer versions 5.0 and 6.0, Netscape version 7.0.

FOR YOUTH NGOs AND NETWORKS WHICH HAVE ALREADY APPLIED TO THE EYF OVER THE PAST YEARS
These organisations have been provided with their login details in order to update the details on their registration form
and submit their applications online. Please contact the following e-mail in case of problems: eyf.registration@coe.int.

40

FOR YOUTH NGOs AND NETWORKS WHICH ARE FIRST-TIME APPLICANTS TO THE EYF
The first step for youth NGOs will be to register with the EYF (go to How to register)

Without a correctly filled in registration form that has been validated by the Secretariat, organisations will not be able to
submit their applications online.

N.B.: This new procedure does not concern the submission of applications for study sessions to be held in co-operation
with the European Youth Centres (see www.coe.int/youth for more details). For further information concerning study
sessions contact: eyc.studysessions@coe.int, tel. +33 3 88 41 22 94.

DEADLINES FOR SUBMITTING APPLICATIONS

The next deadline for applications is:

1 October 2006

• for activities to be held in co-operation with the European Youth Centres (study sessions) in the second
semester of 2007;
• for activities under category A and B of the EYF taking place between 1 April and 31 December 2007.

There are no fixed deadlines for pilot project applications or first (ad hoc) applications to the EYF, which may be
submitted at any time. However, according to the decision of the Programming Committee on Youth (the decision-
making body), all ad hoc applications including pilot projects should be submitted at least three months prior to
the beginning of the activity in order to allow a proper assessment.

Bodies interested in submitting applications to the European Youth Centres are asked to consult the website of the
Directorate of Youth and Sport (www.coe.int/youth).

Organisations submitting applications to the European Youth Foundation should follow the online procedure outlined
above.

EXAMINING AND DECIDING ON THE APPLICATIONS

Grant applications are considered first by the EYF Secretariat, which ensures that the applications are complete and
sufficiently well documented.

To be supported, activities should contribute to the priorities and the programmes of the objectives of the Council of
Europe's youth sector for 2006 to 2008 as outlined in the appendix.

In addition, especially for Category A projects, the Secretariat checks to what extent the application corresponds to
certain criteria. These include:

• clearly set out educational aims and learning objectives
• coherent and feasible budget
• geographical balance of participants
• international preparatory team
• multiplying effect.

All applications received are summarised in a document with the Secretariat's recommendation and forwarded to the
members of the Programming Committee on Youth. This committee comprises eight government representatives and
eight representatives of non-governmental youth organisations, networks and other non-governmental youth structures.
It normally meets twice a year, in June and December, in order, among other things, to examine applications and make
decisions regarding the amount of financial support to be granted, if any.

Youth NGOs are informed of the Committee's decision immediately after the meeting and a list of the projects accepted
for funding is published on the web site (see Projects supported).

Pilot projects and first applications are examined under an ad hoc procedure at the next meeting of the Programming
Committee on Youth. In urgent cases, and as far as the Foundation's financial situation permits it, they can be forwarded
by the Secretariat to the Programming Committee on Youth. However, this procedure is valid only for grants not
exceeding 7,600 Euros.

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In certain specific circumstances a grant request from an organisation which is not a first-time applicant may also be
considered under an ad hoc procedure. In such cases the organisation must be able to give good reasons for not
submitting the application within the normal time limit.

PROGRAMMES AND OBJECTIVES OF THE YOUTH SECTOR OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE 2006 TO
2008 in detail

The Council of Europe has defined the following four programmes in the youth sector for the period 2006 to 2008:

• Human rights education and intercultural dialogue
• Youth participation and democratic citizenship
• Social cohesion and inclusion of young people
• Youth policy development

Each programme is split up into different projects, with objectives for the period 2006 to 2008 for
each project.

PROGRAMME 1: YOUTH PROGRAMME ON HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE

YOUTH PROMOTING GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AND THE PEACEFUL TRANSFORMATION OF CONFLICT
• to increase the capacity of youth organisations to engage with issues of global solidarity and the
peaceful transformation of conflict;
• to mainstream a global dimension in the programme of the youth sector, building up synergies with
the programme of the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe, taking into consideration the
experience of the “Youth and Globalisation Event” organised in 2004;
• to develop educational programmes and resources for the promotion of global solidarity and the
peaceful transformation of conflicts in Europe, with a particular focus on South-East Europe, the
Caucasus and the Euro-Mediterranean cooperation.
YOUTH PROMOTING INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE, INTER-RELIGIOUS CO-OPERATION AND RESPECT FOR
CULTURAL DIFFERENCE
• to promote inter-religious and intercultural dialogue among young people, from various perspectives,
and to address the role of history/tradition, culture and religion in young people’s lives;
• to develop young people’s personal skills, knowledge and attitudes to deal with culture, tradition and
religious diversity;
• to review the role of intercultural educational theory and practical approaches in relation to
contemporary social realities faced by young people in Europe;
• to develop policy and practical responses to situations of discrimination and intolerance affecting
young people, such as racism, antisemitism, xenophobia and Islamophobia.

DEVELOPING NETWORKS OF TRAINERS AND MULTIPLIERS IN HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION WITH YOUNG
PEOPLE
• to implement a programme of national and European training courses in Human Rights Education;
• to support networking and co-operation among youth organisations and other institutions and
individuals (trainers, multipliers, youth leaders) active in the field of human rights education.

SUPPORTING AND PROMOTING GOOD PRACTICE IN HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL
DIALOGUE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
• to provide financial support to pilot projects in human rights education and intercultural dialogue;
• to encourage the exchange of good practice between practitioners and other actors in the fields of
Human Rights Education and Intercultural Dialogue;
• to further involve local authorities and educational institutions in the promotion of Human Rights
Education and Intercultural Dialogue with young people.

SUPPORTING THE RECOGNITION OF HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION AND INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE IN
FORMAL AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION
• to develop and disseminate educational resources for Human Rights Education;

42

• to promote the role of Human Rights Education with governmental and non-governmental
educational institutions in the Member States of the Council of Europe, notably through a
recommendation;
• to develop quality standards and tools in the field of human rights and intercultural dialogue for
youth, in non- formal and formal education (such as through civic or citizenship education
curricula).

PROGRAMME 2: YOUTH PARTICIPATION AND DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP
PROMOTING AND SUSTAINING THE ROLE OF YOUTH ORGANISATIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF
DEMOCRATIC PARTICIPATION
• to support youth NGOs as spaces for young people to develop their capacities to become active
citizens;
• to support the capacity of youth NGOs in Europe to become more sustainable, bearing in mind the
structural challenges facing them;
• to support and integrate the development of a viable youth NGO sector in the member states of
Eastern Europe, South-East Europe and the Caucasus, as well as in the framework of Euro-
Mediterranean co-operation;
• to support the emergence and development of new forms of organisations and networks of
vulnerable young people or groups under-represented in society.

PROMOTING CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION AND PARTICIPATION OF AND BY YOUNG PEOPLE
• to empower young people to become active citizens and to recognise them as partners in the
democratic processes of all levels of society;
• to train youth leaders and youth workers to act as multipliers in projects for European citizenship;
• to further develop concrete ways to implement and promote the Council of Europe’s revised Charter
on the participation of young people in local and regional life.

PROMOTING ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO DECISION-MAKING
• to support and further develop existing and new forms of youth participation in decision-making,
especially with young people who have less access to decision-making structures;
• to promote and contribute to the development of public youth policies in the member states that
enable effective participation of young people in decision-making;
• to enhance the participation of young people from minority background and to ensure appropriate
follow up to the recommendation on the promotion of the participation of minority youth.

PROGRAMME 3: SOCIAL COHESION AND INCLUSION OF YOUNG PEOPLE
FACILITATING THE ACCESS OF YOUNG PEOPLE TO WORKING LIFE AND TO SOCIAL RIGHTS
• to develop youth policy responses to youth unemployment in the member states;
• to further develop non-formal/formal education with a view to increasing the possibilities for young
people to have access to and actively participate within the labour market;
• to increase the role of young people and their active citizenship, through non-formal education and
lifelong-learning;
• to promote the integration of non-formal education in the lifelong-learning agenda, while
strengthening the relations between non-formal and formal education;
• to create and further develop methods/tools/ways to promote equal opportunities for socially
excluded young people;
• to promote awareness of gender equality among young people;
• to identify and implement measures to deal with all forms of discrimination in the access of young
people to the labour market and to social rights, in co-operation with the Directorate General of
Social Cohesion.

YOUTH WORK AND POLICY RESPONSES TO VIOLENCE
• to empower young people to be actors in preventing all forms of violence;

43

• to develop the capacity of youth organisations and multipliers to address all forms of violence (e.g.
gender-based, religious, towards disability, homophobic, racial and ethnic, etc.) affecting children
and young people;
• to disseminate the recommendations of the 7th Conference of European Ministers responsible for
youth entitled as ‘Human dignity and social cohesion: youth policy responses to violence”, and
support their implementation’.

PROGRAMME 4: YOUTH POLICY DEVELOPMENT
DEVELOPING AND PROMOTING STANDARDS FOR YOUTH POLICIES, IN CONNECTION WITH CHILD
POLICIES IN THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND ITS MEMBER STATES
• to provide governments with advice and assistance for the development of their national youth
policy and to stimulate co-operation between civil society and public authorities in youth policy
development;
• to improve co-ordination of child and youth policies within the Council of Europe and the member
states, in particular as concerns the promotion of participation;
• to develop youth information policies.

FOSTERING THE RECOGNITION OF YOUTH WORK AND NON-FORMAL EDUCATION COMPETENCES IN THE
MEMBER STATES
• to increase the recognition of non-formal education/learning, in particular acquired through youth
work;
• to finalise a European portfolio for youth leaders and youth workers, to promote its recognition and
usage in the member states, and to integrate it into the “EUROPASS” of the European Union.

DEVELOPING AND SHARING KNOWLEDGE ON THE SITUATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE
• to create and develop technical and analytical tools for understanding the situation of young people
in the member states;
• to promote exchange and cooperation among researchers on youth;
• to further promote needs and research-based youth policies and programmes.

SUPPORT MEASURES FOR THE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF EUROPEAN YOUTH WORK TRAINING
AND POLICY
• to identify and develop innovative approaches to training in the youth sector;
• to review and update the required competences for youth training and to develop the trainers’ pool of
the Directorate of Youth and Sport;
• to enhance the quality of the programme of the Council of Europe’s youth sector and to develop
criteria for evaluation and consolidation of the youth activities of the Council of Europe;
• to increase the visibility, transparency and accessibility of the programme of activities of the youth
sector of the Council of Europe.

Contact EYF @

European Youth Foundation
Directorate of Youth and Sport
Council of Europe
30, rue Pierre de Coubertin
F- 67000 Strasbourg
Tel: (33) 03 88 41 20 19
Fax: (33) 03 90 21 49 64
E-mail: eyf@coe.int

44

2. Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility (FSMJ)

INTRODUCTION

The Council of Europe and the International Union of Railways (UIC) joined forces on 16 December
1994 to set up the Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility, a fund for the mobility of disadvantaged young
people.

For every Inter Rail Card sold, one EURO will be donated by the International Union of Railways to the
funding of projects involving Europe's young and least well off, enabling them to attend international
activities, taking them on journeys of cross-cultural contact and discovery.

The fund caters solely for young people from underprivileged backgrounds or economically underdeveloped
areas and is intended to cover the rail travel (2nd class) of these young people participating in international
educational activities. It does not assist tourist travel. To qualify for assistance, projects must involve at least
two countries and a minimum of ten people.

The Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility plans to support some 30 youth projects per year.

GUIDELINES WHEN APPLYING

• Only group projects are eligible for support, involving a minimum of 10 participants who can be
from different countries.
• The Fund may reimburse only international rail travel (2nd class) for disadvantaged young people
(see below) travelling to take part in an international mobility project (see below). In exceptional
cases and on the basis of a documented and argued request, the Management Board may derogate
from this rule.
• The travel costs by rail of accompanying persons may be reimbursed if the grant application
concerns participants who are minors or whose situation requires supervision.
• Certain costs, such as visas and insurance, cannot be included in the calculation of the grant.
• Financial support offered by the Fund is made in the form of a grant, the amount of which is
determined by the Management Board, paid to the applicant organisation on receipt of the original
rail travel tickets purchased (ie the financial support is on the form of a reimbursement meaning that
the organisation - or the participants - has to pay in advance the travel costs).

The term "disadvantaged young people" means:
• Young people from countries or regions which are lagging behind economically or which are
undergoing serious recession causing high unemployment.
• Young people who have not had the benefit of a full education or extra teaching, who have little
knowledge of foreign languages and who face financial problems.
• Young people from peripheral regions, for whom the cost of travel is much higher than for young
people living in the centre of Europe.
• Young apprentices who intend to take up a trade or craft activity, but who do not have sufficient
finances to cover the travel costs for their training project.

A "mobility project" involves:
• A precise definition of the aims pursued by the participants and, if appropriate, by the organising
NGYO.

45

• Identification of the partners in the host country to which the participants will be travelling and, if
appropriate, of the organising NGYO.
• An introduction to the host country and to the challenges of the intercultural situation.
• Appropriate reception arrangements and accommodation which facilitates meetings and exchanges.
• Formal and informal contact with local people.
• Giving participants the opportunity, at the end of the project, to assess their experience and insights
and to compare the project as a whole with the aims set out in the programme.
Applications must include:
• a clear and concise description of the aims, programme and working methods;
• a clear description of the participants' profile, geographical origin, age and the recruitment methods
used as well as their disadvantaged situation;
• an estimation of the rail travel costs for the participants involved
Deadlines:
• Applications should be received at least a month before the project begins.

For further information, contact:
Solidarity Fund for Youth Mobility
Directorate of Youth and Sport
Council of Europe
30, rue Pierre de Coubertin
F - 67000 STRASBOURG
Tel: +33 3 88 41 26 85
Fax: +33 3 90 21 49 64
Email: fsmjdjs.courrier@coe.int
Contact person: Jean-Claude LAZARO

3. Study Sessions

In addition to their own programme of education and training activities, the European Youth Centres carry
out a yearly programme of study sessions and other activities held in co-operation with non-governmental
and governmental youth partners. The study sessions, symposia and other similar activities reflect the
principles of co-management and partnership with young people and their organisations that are at the heart
of the youth policy of the Council of Europe.

These activities - of which the most visible are the study sessions – are based on co-operation between the
partner organisations and the Council of Europe’s Directorate of Youth and Sport. Study sessions are
international youth events lasting between 4 and 8 days which bring together members of youth
organisations or networks and experts for discussions on a specific subject leading to conclusions relevant to
the priorities and programmes of the Council of Europe Youth sector. They are organised in co-operation
with youth organisations and networks, and are hosted by one of the European Youth Centres.

The programme is based on applications submitted twice a year and decided upon by the Programming
Committee on Youth.

These activities are totally or partly financed by the Council of Europe according to modalities available at
the Secretariat.

46

About twenty study sessions are planned in the EYCs in 2006. These sessions address a variety of subjects,
corresponding to the work priorities established by the DYS for 2006-2008. The scope and extent of the
subject matter of study sessions in 2006 indicates that they remain a key tool for co-operation with youth
organisations to develop their own thematic foci and to multiply their organisational culture. Creativity and
innovation in methodological as well as thematic terms are also important aspects of study sessions.

Criteria for Activities to be held in Co-operation with the European Youth Centres

Adopted by the Programming Committee on Youth at its 12th meeting (December 2004)

1. Eligible applicants
2. Eligible activities
3. Non-eligible activities
4. Criteria applicable to all activities
5. Specific criteria applicable to study sessions
6. Symposia
7. Special projects

The European Youth Centres of the Council of Europe, in Strasbourg and Budapest, were set up to
support youth participation in Europe and to provide support - through education and training – to
associative networks and projects interested in sharing the Council of Europe’s principles and
priorities in the youth field.

In addition to their own programme of education and training activities, the European Youth
Centres carry out a yearly programme of study sessions and other activities held in co-operation
with non-governmental and governmental youth partners. The study sessions, symposia and other
similar activities reflect the principles of co-management and partnership with young people and
their organisations that are at the heart of the youth policy of the Council of Europe.

These activities - of which the most visible are the study sessions – are based on co-operation
between the partner organisations and the Council of Europe’s Directorate of Youth and Sport. The
programme is based on applications submitted twice a year and decided upon by the Programming
Committee on Youth.

These activities are totally or partly financed by the Council of Europe according to modalities
available at the Secretariat.

1. Eligible applicants

• European/International non-governmental youth organisations with partners or branches in
at least 8 European countries
• European formal or informal networks of youth organisations and other non-governmental
youth structures bringing together partners from at least 8 European countries
• Sub-regional networks of youth organisations and/or national youth councils and structures
involved in youth work, bringing together at least 5 neighbouring countries

Applicants should be involved in areas of youth work relevant to the Council of Europe’s youth
policy and interested in contributing to the work priorities and principles of the Council of Europe’s
youth field.

47

2. Eligible activities

• Study sessions
• Symposia
• Special projects

3. Non-eligible activities

The following activities are not eligible for support in co-operation with the European Youth
Centre:

• those dealing mainly with internal affairs of the organisation, such as statutory meetings,
general assemblies, congresses, etc.
• activities with a predominantly competitive character
• activities that are part of a school or university programme
• activities with uniquely a vocational training character
• profit-making activities.

4. Criteria applicable to all activities

All activities must:

• conform to the principles laid down in the Statutes of the Council of Europe and the
European Youth Centre and, specifically, show a commitment to a European society
respectful of human rights and fundamental freedoms, cultural diversity and social cohesion
and the participation of young people
• aim to develop synergies and have a multiplying effect, on local, regional, national and/or
European level
• relate to problems and concerns of young people and seek to involve young people as a
resource
• be an experience in participation and planned intercultural learning processes
• involve participants residents from at least 8 member states of the Council of Europe
• strive to secure a geographical and gender balance among the participants
• be documented and its results made available to a wider public
• be prepared, run and evaluated by an international multicultural planning team in co-
operation with the Centre’s educational staff
• make good use of the European Youth Centre from an institutional and educational point of
view.

5. Specific criteria applicable to study sessions

• study sessions must address an issue of contemporary European societies from the point of
view of young people, or matters affecting young people and their organisations across the
member states of the Council of Europe
• the theme of the study session is proposed and developed by the applying organisation and
should contribute to development of the work priorities of the Council of Europe’s youth
sector

48

• study sessions must have a minimum duration of 4 working days and a maximum of 8
working days – exceptions to the maximum duration may be granted if justified in the
application
• study sessions must bring together a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 40 participants,
including the preparatory team (with the exception of double study sessions)
• participants coming from one country must not exceed 20% of the total number of
participants. Up to 15% of all participants may come from non-member countries.
• the majority of participants must be under 30 years of age – with a maximum of 25% over
the age of 30
• the participants must be able to act as multipliers and contribute to the follow-up of the
activity within their own context and organisation. The recruitment of the participants is the
sole responsibility of the partner organisation/s
• the programme of the study session and the methodology must be prepared and
implemented by a multicultural team of facilitators or trainers provided by the partner
organisation and by an educational advisor provided by the Council of Europe
• the preparatory team – including the educational advisor of the Council of Europe - must
meet at least once at the latest six weeks before the beginning of the study session
• study sessions may normally be held in two working languages with simultaneous
interpretation. Exceptions to this rule are possible when justified in the application and
accepted by the Programming Committee
• the partner organisation must produce a written report of the activity and make it available
within 6 months after the end of the session.

Priorities

In the selection of applications for study sessions the Programming Committee will give priority for
activities that:

• can provide an input to, or benefit from the programme of work priorities of the Directorate
of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe, and are complementary in terms of the theme,
approach or target groups to the rest of its programme of activities
• promise to be innovative in terms of method, approach, target group or intellectual output
• are the result of collaboration between two or more applicants
• can most benefit from the Centre’s institutional and educational support
• reach target groups / young people who could not so far benefit from or have been less
involved in the activities of the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe.

Priority cannot be given to applications submitted by organisations that have not provided a written
activity report of their last study session within the deadline.

Double study sessions

• Double study sessions are activities that concern several of the organisations or partners of
the Directorate of Youth and Sport and involve more participants than a single session
• Double study sessions can only be applied for by at least two applicants
• Double study sessions must bring together a minimum of 40 participants and a maximum of
70 participants, including the preparatory team
• Double study sessions have a maximum duration of 5 working days, exceptions can be
made, if justified
• Double study sessions may benefit – when justified – from interpretation into three working
languages.

49

6. Symposia

Symposia are activities addressing themes and matters of common concern and interest for both the
governmental and non-governmental partners of the Directorate of Youth and Sport. Symposia are
aimed at knowledge production and contributing to the youth policy development of the Council of
Europe.

The symposia are decided upon by and run under the supervision of the Programming Committee
on the basis of the following guidelines:

• Applications may be submitted by 4 co-operating partners (unless agreed by the Joint
Council on Youth in the annual programme of activities)
• The participants are recruited from the wide circle of governmental and non-governmental
partners of the Directorate of Youth and Sport
• The secretariat and administration of symposia is secured by the Secretariat of the European
Youth Centre. The recruitment of participants is made by the Secretariat; the selection of
participants should be done together with the preparatory team
• The symposia are prepared by a preparatory team comprising representatives of the
applicants, Secretariat and, where appropriate, representatives of the statutory bodies.

7. Special projects

Special projects are activities of an innovative character which fall outside the scope of the study
sessions and symposia.

Such projects should provide benefits for the organisation, network or youth structure concerned
and have a wider application in the programme of the Directorate of Youth and Sport. Consultation
with the EYC Secretariat is recommended before applications are submitted.

50

Part 4: Additional material on Funding
a. Approaches to Fundraising (handout and presentation slides)
b. Developing Fundraising Strategy (handout and presentation slides)

Note: These materials will be used during the Workshop and therefore will be delivered at the end
of the presentations.

51

Appendix 1: Additional sources of Funding

Note: This is a list of donors that are active in different parts of Europe. Not all of these founders
are currently supporting youth projects or are active in South East Europe. Nevertheless, it is useful
to keep track on their work and plans for involvement.

ASIA-Europe foundation
http://www.asef.org/
The Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF) seeks to promote better mutual understanding between the peoples of Asia and
Europe through greater intellectual, cultural, and people-to-people exchanges.

Atlas Economic Research Foundation http://www.atlas-fdn.org/
The Atlas Economic Research Foundation, incorporated in 1981, helps to create, develop, advise, and support
independent public policy research institutes by providing "intellectual entrepreneurs" with advice, financial support,
workshops, and access to a network of leaders who share a commitment of achieving a free society. The Foundation's
Sir Antony Fisher International Memorial Awards for Public Policy Institutes recognizes institutes that combine the talents
of the academic and the entrepreneur.

AT&T http://www.att.com/foundation
AT&T supports a variety of comprehensive programs through direct grants and employee-directed contributions. We
want our grants to serve as enablers in helping organizations fulfill their missions and expand their services into the
community
A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, Inc.
http://www.nonviolence.org/ajmuste/
The A.J. Muste Memorial Institute explores the link between nonviolence and social change by applying its resources to
the nonviolent struggle for social justice and a peaceful future. The Institute awards grants for projects promoting its
mission through peace and disarmament, social and economic justice, racial and sexual equality, and the labor
movement. It also provides funding through its International Nonviolence Training Fund.

Albert & Mary Lasker Foundation, Inc.
http://www.laskerfoundation.com/
The mission of the foundation is "to elevate and sustain medical research as a universal priority so that the foundation's
goals - to eradicate life threatening disease and disabilities and improve health standards - are strongly supported by
national and international policies and resources."

Bertelsmann Stiftung
http://www.stiftung.bertelsmann.de
To perceive problems within society, to help solve them by developing exemplary models with experts from practical and
theoretical fields, and put these models into effect in certain areas of society.

Brigitte Bardot Foundation
http://www.fondationbrigittebardot.fr/uk/
The Brigitte Bardot Foundation fights to defend animal rights and does not specialise in a specific area. Its ambition is to
be at the heart of the fight for animal rights, whatever this may entail. It acts to heighten awareness, inform, relieve and
save. It intervenes anywhere in the world where there is mistreatment of and cruelty towards animals.

The Brother's Brother Foundation http://www.brothersbrother.com/
International Programs: Education, Medical, Humanitarian, Agriculture.

The Bogliasco Foundation
http://www.liguriastudycenter.org/
With a maximum capacity of sixteen persons, the Liguria Study Center provides an intimate setting for artistic and
scholarly work.

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace http://www.ceip.org/
The Endowment and its associates seek "to invigorate and extend both expert and public discussion on a wide range of
international issues", such as worldwide migration, nuclear non-proliferation, and regional conflicts. It also "engages in
and encourages projects designed to foster innovative contributions in international affairs."

Cabot Corporation http://www.cabot-corp.com/
In 1998, the Cabot Corporation Foundation provided nearly $1 million to Cabot communities throughout the world for
projects that are related to science, technology, education, community improvement, culture and the environment.

Center for Field Research Grants
http://www.earthwatch.org/cfr/cfr.html
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The Center for Field Research (CFR) was established in 1973 to develop research program for Earthwatch Institute by
encouraging and evaluating proposals from scholars and scientists. Environment

Charity Know How http://www.charityknowhow.org
Charity Know How (CKH) is a grantmaking body which combines the funds and knowledge of 14 grantmaking Trusts,
charitable Foundations and individuals, and the Department for International Development (DfID) of the British
Government.

Citicorp Foundation
http://www.citigroup.com/citigroup/who/midb.htm
The Citicorp Foundation helps to build communities in their wide array of international markets. The Foundation supports
community development corporations and financial institutions that revitalize low-income neighborhoods, microlenders
providing access to credit, and assists in starting or expanding businesses. Support is also provided for educational
resources to encourage financial literacy and the digitization of archives

Charles Stewart Mott Foundation http://www.mott.org
To support efforts that promote a just, equitable and sustainable society. The foundation further believes that all
individuals should have the right to work and pay their own way, the right to an education, the right to better themselves,
and the right to a clean environment.

Charities Aid Foundation http://www.charitynet.org/caf
To enable individuals and organisations to improve the quality and value of their donations to charity and to provide
services to charities for raising and managing funds more effectively. (Geographic Focus United Kingdom, Europe and
USA)

The Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange http://www.cckf.org/
The scope of their programs includes Chinese cultural heritage, classical studies, the Republic of China, Taiwan area
studies, and China-related comparative studies. Grants are made to institutions and individuals, for institutional
enhancement, research, conferences and seminars, subsidies for publication, and fellowships for graduate students and
post-doctoral research.

Cottonwood Foundation
http://www.pressenter.com/~cottonwd
To promote the empowerment of people, protect the environment, and build respect for cultural diversity. (Geographic
Focus United States, international)

Compagnia di San Paolo http://www.compagnia.torino.it
To support works of public interest and social well being, particularly in the fields of scientific, economic and legal
research, education, arts and culture, health; and provide assistance to, and protection of, the less privileged social
groups.

Computer Associates International, Inc. (CA) http://www.cai.com/charity/
Individual employees, through a corporate giving program and a Matching Charitable Gifts program, distribute support.
Grants include worldwide emergency relief, support to create affordable housing, and efforts on behalf of missing and
exploited children.

Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation http://www.pedaids.org/
The Elizabeth Glazer Pediatric AIDS Foundation is dedicated to identifying, funding, and conducting basic pediatric
HIV/AIDS research, with the goal of reducing HIV transmission from mother to newborn, prolonging and improving the
lives of children living with HIV, and eradicating HIV from infected children.

Eli Lilly and Company (IN)
http://www.lilly.com/company/citizenship/
"The direction of the foundation's charitable efforts is evolving in concert with the company's increasing global
commitment and transformed business strategy." The Foundation has a number of different funding programs. Through
the product donation program, pharmaceuticals are distributed all over the world, largely through the Lilly Cares Patient
Assistance Program and the Disaster Assistance and International Relief program
Esquel Group Foundation, Inc. http://www.esquel.org/
Esquel Group Foundation, Inc. (EGF) is the US-based member and coordinator for regional programs of the Grupo
Esquel Network, a group of nonprofit, non-governmental organizations dedicated to promoting "alternative policies and
programs which strengthen the role of civil society" and to promoting sustainable and equitable development in South
America.

Echoing green foundation http://echoinggreen.org/
Echoing green is a nonprofit foundation that offers full-time fellowships to emerging "social entrepreneurs", and applies a
53

venture capital approach to philanthropy by providing seed money and technical support to individuals creating
innovative public service organizations or projects with goals of positive social change. Echoing green also provides
them with support to help them grow beyond a start-up. The fellowship includes a two-year $60,000 stipend, health care
benefits, online connectivity, access to their network of social entrepreneurs, training, and technical assistance.

European Science Foundation http://www.esf.org
The European Science Foundation promotes high quality science at a European level. It acts as a catalyst for the
development of science by bringing together leading scientists and funding agencies to debate, plan and implement pan-
European initiatives.

The Eurasia Foundation http://www.eurasia.org
To assist the twelve Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union to build democratic and free market
institutions; to strengthen these institutions by means of an open door grants programme; and to directly manage a
limited number of projects designed to encourage professional economic policy research, a small business sector, and
financially independent media.

European Cultural Foundation http://www.eurocult.org
To encourage European cultural co-operation and to promote activities of a pan-European character which encourage
social inclusion.

EVRIKA Foundation
http://www.newteck.bg/evr_hom.htm
To promote the development of youth in Bulgaria in the technical, scientific, economic, education and training fields.
(Geographic Focus Bulgaria, international )

Fondation Roi Baudouin/Koning Boudewijnstichting http://www.kbs-frb.be
To take every initiative which leads towards an improvement in the living conditions of the population, taking into account
economic, social, scientific and cultural factors. (Geographic Focus Belgium, Europe and international)

The Ford Foundation http://www.fordfound.org
To strengthen democratic values, reduce poverty and injustice, promote international co-operation and advance human
achievement. (Geographic Focus: USA, Africa, Middle East, Asia, Latin America and Russia)

Ford Motor Company Fund (MI)
http://www2.ford.com/default.asp?pageid=238
The Ford Motor Company Fund of Detroit, MI was established in 1949 with the goal to "support initiatives and institutions
that enhance and/or improve opportunities for those who live in communities where Ford Motor Company operates."
Funding is given to organizations that directly impact communities where Ford operates and can be used as models for
other communities.

Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei http://www.feem.it
The foundation's activities are guided by four fundamental criteria: • To analyse relevant and innovative research areas •
To focus on 'real' world issues • To integrate multi-disciplinary approaches • To create and foster international research
networks (Geographic Focus International )

Foundation for the Future http://www.futurefoundation.org/
The Foundation is focused on the long-term survivability of humanity and supports research and symposia whose
purpose is to identify the most critical factors that may affect future human life on Earth.

The Freedom Forum http://www.freedomforum.org/
Dedicated to "free press, free speech and free spirit for all people," the mission of the Freedom Forum is to help the
public and the news media understand one another better. Primary areas of interest include First Amendment rights,
journalism education, newsroom diversity, professional development of journalists, media studies and research, and
international journalism programs.

Freedom House
http://www.freedomhouse.org
To promote political and economic freedom in the emerging democracies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former
Soviet Union. Under the auspices of the US Agency for International Development's Democracy Network Project, the
foundation supports cross-border co-operation and communication among indigenous public policy oriented NGOs in
Central and Eastern Europe that promote democratisation, economic development, environmental protection and social
safety net restructuring.

The Foundation for Microbiology
http://www.tiac.net/users/waksman/
"To promote, encourage, and aid scientific research in microbiology; [and] to provide and assist in providing the funds
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and facilities by which scientific discoveries, inventions, and processes in microbiology may be developed."

Frameline, Inc. (CA) http://www.frameline.org/
Frameline is dedicated to the exhibition, distribution, promotion and funding of lesbian and gay film and video and
presents the annual San Francisco International Lesbian & Gay Film Festival. Frameline's grant program is called the
Completion Fund, which helps artists to complete their film and video projects.

GE Fund http://www.ge.com/fund/
The GE Fund places education at the crux of its international grantmaking efforts, with support to programs in the areas
of science and engineering, pre-college education, public policy, international programs, management, and arts and
culture.

Global Greengrants Fund (CO) http://www.greengrants.org/
The Fund supports a wide range of community-based initiatives that protect the environment in the most underserved
and threatened regions on Earth. Grants are made to pre-selected organizations recommended by regional advisory
committees comprised of local environmental leaders who can make the most effective use of the limited resources
available in their particular region.

German Marshall Fund of the United States http://www.gmfus.org
To deepen understanding, promote collaboration and stimulate exchanges of practical experience between Americans
and Europeans, particularly those in the national and local policy communities.

Gifts In Kind International (VA) http://www.giftsinkind.org/
Gifts In Kind helps businesses to effectively and efficiently donate their products to charities. Its donation programs
include Clothe & Comfort, Healthy from the Start, Housing the Homeless, Youth Programs, Emergency Relief, Office
Smart, Recycle Technology, and the Retail Donation Partner Program.

Global Fund for Women
http://www.globalfundforwomen.org/
The mission of the Global Fund for Women is to listen to the concerns of women's groups globally; provide women's
groups with financial and other resources; increase support for women's efforts globally; develop and strengthen links
among women's groups worldwide; and heighten awareness of the needs and strengths of women. It strives to do this
through its support of issues as diverse as literacy, domestic violence, economic autonomy, and the international
trafficking of women.

Greenville Foundation
http://fdncenter.org/grantmaker/grnville/
Grants for international programs are made only through U.S.-based or affiliated nonprofit organizations, and for projects
as specifically defined by the Foundation's international and environment programs.

Global Environmental Project Institute, Inc.
http://www.gepifoundation.org/

This is a grant making foundation that "selects projects or actions that will affect life on this planet for generations to
come", in order to fulfill its mission of promoting the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainability of life on earth. Its
areas of funding are Environmental Education, Citizen Participation, Sustainable Development, Environmental
Advocacy/Wilderness Protection (Northern Rockies only), and International, which is limited to specific proposals
solicited by GEPI

Hewlett Foundation
http://www.hewlett.org/
The Foundation concentrates its resources on activities in education, performing arts, population, environment, conflict
resolution, family and community development, and U.S.-Latin American relations. Although the Hewlett Foundation is a
national foundation, with no geographic limit stipulated in its charter, a proportion of disbursable fund has been
earmarked for projects in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Hewlett Packard - European Grants Program http://webcenter.hp.com/grants/
Today HP is recognized as a philanthropic leader among global corporations. In 1998, we gave $64.8 million in cash and
equipment to nonprofit agencies and educational institutions worldwide. Sixty-seven percent went toward improving
education. We also support the arts, health and human services, civic groups and environmental organizations. We give
donations in nearly all communities around the world in which a large number of our employees live and work.

Huron Hunger Fund (HHF)
http://www.diohuron.org/hhf/index.htm
The Huron hunger Fund (HHF) has ministered to people around the world for almost 30 years. In that time HHF has
raised more the $7,500,000 for emergency and development work. So far this year we have raised $280,000. Huron

55

continues to be a leading diocese in Canada for raising funds for the Primate's World Relief and Development fund
(PWRDF).

Hutton Foundation http://www.huttonfoundation.org/
The Foundation supports educational, health and community organizations and acts as a catalyst to encourage
development of new programs and services for future generations. Primary areas of focus include education, health and
human services, child, youth and family services, arts and culture, women's services, and civic and community
development. Funding is primarily awarded to organizations in Orange, Riverside, and Santa Barbara Counties in
California, with select international awards.

Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung e.V.
Pitajte na hbs-hr@zamir.net (Hrvatska), h.boell@bih.net.ba (regionalni ured) http://www.boell.de The foundation
concentrates on the following activities: • Ecologisation of production, trade and consumption • Promotion of civil society •
Defence of human rights • Promotion and protection of art, artists and cultural identity • The promotion of critical media •
The replacement of patriarchal structures with gender equality

Jimi Hendrix Family Foundation (WA) http://www.jimihendrix.org/
The Jimi Hendrix Family Foundation funds charitable, religious, and educational organizations with programs
concentrating on education, inner city assistance, international humanitarian aid, and Christian outreach.

J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc.
http://www.jpmorgan.com/CorpInfo/CRA/CommunityDevel.html
Makes charitable contributions to a wide range of organizations involved in the arts, education, the environment, health
and human services, international affairs, and urban affairs through both the J.P. Morgan Charitable Trust and the firm's
offices and subsidiaries around the world.

Johnson and Johnson
n http://www.jnj.com/who_is_jnj/sr_index.html
Our program became more worldwide in scope and continued to have a strong impact on health care. In all areas of
giving, Johnson & Johnson continued to emphasize programs and activities that assisted mothers and children. These
efforts were carefully balanced with the Company's other contributions activities in the fields of health, family, education,
employment, the environment, culture and the arts.

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation http://www.macfdn.org
The development of healthy individuals and effective communities, peace within and among nations, responsible choices
about human reproduction, and a global ecosystem capable of supporting healthy human societies

The John Templeton Foundation
http://www.templeton.org/
"To explore and encourage the relationship between science and religion." The Foundation's programs, which are
primarily operating in nature, focus on five areas: spiritual information through science, spirituality and health, free
enterprise, character development, and the John Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion.

International Service Agencies http://www.charity.org/
International Service Agencies (ISA) is a coalition of the nation's leading international relief and development
organizations. ISA's mission is to help people overseas and in the U.S. who suffer from hunger, poverty and disease or
from the ravages of war, oppression and natural disasters by raising awareness and funds in the workplace.

International Youth Federation (MD) http://www.iyfnet.org/
The International Youth Foundation promotes the positive development of children and youth, ages 5 to 20, around the
world by supporting programs that focus on such areas as vocational training, health education, recreation, cultural
tolerance, environmental awareness, and the development of leadership, conflict resolution, and decision-making skills.

International Youth Foundation http://www.iyfnet.org/
Founded in 1990, works globe wide, supports development, education and life skills,

International Center for Research on Women (DC) http://www.icrw.org/
Focuses its funding and activities on women's productive and reproductive roles, family status, leadership in society, and
management of environmental resources in developing countries. Funds are primarily available through the Promoting
Women in Development (PROWID) Program and the ICRW's Fellows Program, which gives development researchers
and practitioners from developing countries the opportunity to spend time in Washington, D.C. to conduct independent
research, meet policymakers, and refine their skills in data analysis, computer applications, and program development.

Kettering Foundation http://www.kettering.org/
Established in 1927 by inventor Charles F. Kettering, the Kettering Foundation's objective is "to understand the way
bodies politic...function or fail to function."
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Kresge Foundation http://www.kresge.org/
Its mission statement is simple: "to promote the well-being of mankind." The Kresge Foundation makes grants to build
and renovate facilities, challenge private giving, and build institutional capacity among nonprofits, with goals of
strengthening the capacity of charitable organizations to provide effective programs of quality.

Kodak Community Affairs
http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/community.shtml
Primary focus is at our site communities, but also includes national and international support. Focus is on the following
general areas: Community Revitalization, Environment, and Arts & Culture: Includes economic development, culture and
the arts for programs and organizations. Education: Includes colleges, universities, scholarships and grants for
organizations. Health & Human Services: Inclucles organizations and programs.

Körber Stiftung
://www.stiftung.koerber.de
To support people, promote cross cultural understanding and set examples for the future.

Limmat Foundation http://www.limmat.org
To act as a bridge between donors and their beneficiaries and to enable donors to realise their common benefit projects
around the world.

The Maclellan Foundation, Inc. http://www.maclellanfdn.org/
The purpose of the Foundation is "to contribute to and otherwise serve strategic national and international organizations
committed to furthering the Kingdom of Christ; to contribute to and otherwise serve select local organizations which
foster the spiritual welfare of the community; and to serve by providing financial and leadership resources to extend the
Kingdom of God in accordance with the Great Commission."

Mutation Research Centre MRC
http://www.auscharity.org/mutresce.htm
The objectives of our Centre are as follows:- 1. To promote human health and well being through the pursuit of genetic
studies, particularly in the study of mutation. 2. To promote the careers of research staff through their research studies.
3. To promote national and international communication in the study of mutations and their detection. 4. To obtain
funding to enable the pursuit of research and promotion of technology transfer at the highest possible level.

MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger (CA) http://www.shamash.org/soc-
action/mazon/funding.html MAZON, named for the Hebrew word for "food," was founded in response to the problem of
hunger in the United States and abroad, providing meals and food to elderly Jews, families living in temporary shelter,
hungry children; people with AIDS, refugees of international crises, and nonprofits serving these populations.

Microsoft Europe
http://www.microsoft.com/europe/roadahead
To support and implement three core goals: • promote lifelong employability through IT training • provide students and
young people with access to new information and communication technologies, and • apply new technological
capabilities to solving real life challenges

Microsoft
http://www.microsoft.com/europe/roadahead/
Microsoft's corporate giving programme in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

The Monagri Foundation
http://www.monagri.org.cy
To establish an international residential arts centre in Cyprus, which will provide visiting artists with access to the unique
cultural and historical environment of the Eastern Mediterranean region. (Geographic Focus Cyprus, international)
NAFSA: Association of International Educators http://www.nafsa.org/
NAFSA, a membership organization created in 1948, promotes the international exchange of students and scholars
through training workshops and in-service training grants, grants for professionals to travel to NAFSA conferences, and a
variety of overseas opportunities.

Nathan Cummings Foundation http://www.ncf.org/
International Initiatives The Foundation's approach to grantmaking embodies some basic themes in all of its programs:
concern for the poor, disadvantaged, and underserved; respect for diversity; promotion of understanding across cultures;
and empowerment of communities in need.

Open Society Internet Program
http://www.soros.org/internet/intro/objectives_criteria.html
The objective of the OSI Internet Program is to provide the benefits of e-mail and full Internet access to individuals and
organizations throughout the Soros foundations network and beyond. The goal is to provide access to as many as
57

possible at the most reasonable cost, with training in the use of the resource and content development the primary focus
in 1998 and beyond.

Otto Kinne Foundation
http://www.intres.com/eci/okf.html
To support young postgraduate scientists in Eastern European countries who conduct environmental research and who
have demonstrated a high degree of professional performance.

Pearl S. Buck Foundation
http://www.pearlbuck.org/international_operations.htm
Pearl S. Buck International partners with some of the world’s most disadvantaged children and their families to help them
identify their needs and empower them to solve their problems. PSBI does this by either helping families access existing
services or through partnerships with local government, community-based organizations and indigenous non-
governmental organizations to create appropriate services for them. International

Public Welfare Foundation http://www.publicwelfare.org/
The Foundation's wide-ranging interests include community support (homelessness, countering hate-motivated activity
and discrimination, immigration and refugees, international human rights, technical assistance to grassroots community
development efforts); criminal justice (violence prevention...); the disadvantaged elderly, disadvantaged youth; the
environment (global climate change, sustainable development, direct support and technical assistance to grassroots
organizations); health (health advocacy and reform); and population and reproductive health (AIDS prevention,
education...).

Rockefeller Foundation http://www.rockfound.org/
The Foundation focuses its activities in three principal areas: the arts and humanities, equal opportunity and school
reform, and international science-based development, which encompasses the agricultural, health, and population
sciences, global environment, and several special African initiatives, including female education.

RGK Foundation http://www.rgkfoundation.org/
Grants in these three areas support research; conferences, which are designed to enhance information exchange as well
as maintain an "interlinkage" among business, academia, community, and government; and programs that promote
academic excellence in institutions of higher learning, raise literacy levels, attract minority and women students into the
math, science, and technology fields, and promote the well being of children. There are no geographic limitations to their
grantmaking.

The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International http://www.rotary.org/foundation/
As the philanthropic arm of Rotary International, the Rotary Foundation supports efforts to "achieve world understanding
and peace through international humanitarian, educational, and cultural exchange programs." The Foundation sponsors
activities in two main areas: the Humanitarian Programs and the Educational Programs.

Sasakawa Peace Foundation http://www.spf.org
To foster international understanding, exchange and co-operation to contribute to the welfare of mankind, the
development of a healthy international society, and the cause of world peace.

Suomen Kulttuurirahasto http://www.skr.fi
To advance scientific research and the arts through awarding grants and prizes to individual scientists, scholars and
artists in Finland.

Samuel H. Kress Foundation http://www.shkf.org
To preserve European art and train people in art history and art conservation.

Social Science Research Council (NY) http://www.ssrc.org/
The international association is devoted to "the advancement of interdisciplinary research in the social sciences...through
a wide variety of interdisciplinary workshops and conferences, fellowships and grants, summer training institutes,
scholarly exchanges, and publications."

Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft e.V. http://www.stifterverband.de
To promote science and technology in research and education, stimulate public interest in science and technology and
strengthen the non-profit foundation world.

Svenska Kulturfonden http://www.kulturfonden.fi/
To develop and strengthen Finno-Swedish cultural life. (Geographic Focus: International)

SmithKline Beecham p.l.c.
http://www.sb.com/company/community
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SmithKline Beecham recognises its interdependence with its communities world-wide. Through visible and sustained
investment of the skills and talents of its people, as well as its products and financial resources, it aims to make a real
and measurable contribution to improving standards of health for people wherever SB operates. (Geographic Focus
International, where the company operates)

Steward R. Mott Charitable Trust http://www.mott.org/
Supports access to service and education, leadership development and advocacy training, primary issues: women's
righta, populations growth, population policy, health services.

United States Institute of Peace (DC) http://www.usip.org/
Grants support research, education, pilot projects and training, and the dissemination of information on international
peace and conflict resolution. The group's two major grant programs are: solicited and unsolicited grants.

Volkswagen-Stiftung
http://www.volkswagenstiftung.de
To support science, the humanities and technology in research and university teaching.

The Virtual Foundation http://www.virtualfoundation.org •
To help grass-roots groups in developing countries improve the environment, human health and the quality of life in their
communities • To allow generous and concerned individuals or groups to support such grass-roots efforts by funding the
project of their choice • To personally connect global neighbours using Internet technology. (Geographic Focus: Central
Europe, China, the Baltics, Russia, and the other Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union)

Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, Inc. http://www.wennergren.org/
The Foundation supports research in all branches of anthropology, including cultural/social anthropology, ethnology,
biological/physical anthropology, archaeology, anthropological linguistics, and closely related disciplines concerned with
human origins, development, and variation.

Wallace Global Fund http://www.wgf.org
To catalyse and leverage critically needed progress at national, regional, and global levels towards an equitable and
environmentally sustainable society that ensures an enhanced quality of life for all.

Wyoming Council for the Humanities
http://www.uwyo.edu/special/wch/
The Wyoming Council for the Humanities fosters interaction between the public and humanities scholars on questions
related to the "significant dimensions of our existence — personal, social, cultural, and political — from local, national,
and international perspectives."

World Wildlife Fund http://www.worldwildlife.org/
The World Wildlife Fund, the largest privately supported international conservation organization in the world, directs its
conservation efforts toward three global goals: protecting and saving endangered species (e.g., elephants, pandas,
rhinos, tigers, whales) and addressing global threats to wildlife (e.g., global warming, worldwide deforestation,
overfishing).

The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation http://www.woodrow.org/
The Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation encourages excellence in education by developing and funding
programs that target the needs of new teachers and scholars, that encourage cooperation between academia and other
sectors of society, that improve the status and representation of minority groups and women, and that maintain the
vitality of teachers.

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Appendix 2 – Glossary of terms

a) used by the (independent) funding community
ANNUAL REPORT
A detailed statement published by a foundation or corporation describing its grant activities. A growing
number of foundations and corporations use it to inform the community about contribution activities, policies
and guidelines.
ASSETS
The amount of capital - money, stocks, bonds, real estate or other resources - of the foundation. Generally
assets are invested and the income used to make grants.
BEQUEST
A sum of money made available on the donor’s death.
CHALLENGE GRANT
A grant made on condition that the funded project has other sources of money, either on a matching basis or
via some other formula, usually within a specified period of time. Also called a matching grant.
CAPITAL SUPPORT
Funds provided for durable goods, those that have an average life of at least three years (automobiles,
buildings, furniture and general equipment).
CHARITABLE TRUST
See Trust.
CITIZENS’ ASSOCIATIONS
Civic organisations recognised as non-governmental, grant-seeking associations and voluntary organisations.
COLLECTIVE PATRON
A foundation or association which houses and manages the funds of smaller individual foundations and/or
corporate-giving programmes. Examples include Charities Aid Foundation, Fondation de France and the
Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft.
COMMUNITY FOUNDATION
An organisation which makes grants limited to a specific locality, such as a city, a county or an estate. Funds
are usually derived from many donors and held in an independently administered endowment; income earned
by the endowment then being used to make grants.
COOPERATIVE VENTURE
A joint effort by two or more grant-makers. The partners may share funding responsibilities or contribute
information and technical resources.
CORE FUNDING
Grant request to finance administrative and organisational tasks.
CORPORATE FOUNDATION
A private foundation whose grant funds are derived primarily from the contributions of a profit-making
business organisation. The company-sponsored foundation may maintain close ties with the donor company,
but it is an independent organisation with its own endowment and is subject to the same rules and regulations
as other private foundations.
CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP
Corporate citizenship is an approach taken by companies which donate their services and resources to the
community in which their plants are located or in which they operate. Companies may invest through the
awarding of grants, through promoting volunteer service by their employees, by matching employee gifts to
non-profit organisations, through in kind gifts, and even by the loaning or secondment of corporate executive
staff.
COVENANT
An agreement or written promise to pay an agreed sum of money to a designated person at regular intervals
over a specified period of time. Where provision is made to donate to a registered charitable organisation, the
donor may be entitled to tax benefits.
DEFICIT FUNDING
Funding which is to be used to finance an excess of expenditure.
DIRECT MAIL
Write request for a gift distributed and returned by mail. It is not appropriate for all non-profits, but it could
be useful to organisations with limited budget or limited popular appeal to broaden their donor base and
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increase their income.
DONOR
Also called grant-maker. The individual or organisation that makes a grant.
EMPLOYEE MATCHING GIFT
A contribution to a charitable organisation by a corporate employee which is matched by a similar
contribution from the employer.
ENDOWMENT
Funds intended to be kept permanently and invested to provide income for continued support of an
organisation.
E-PHILANTHROPY
This term describes the variety of methods of giving using the Internet. Many sites have been developed to
accept donations in addition to providing information regarding non-profit groups.
FUNDING CYCLE
The whole process from presentation and revision of the proposal to reporting on results after the decision-
making process.
GRANT / GRANTEE
Award or funding received by an organisation or individual to finance their charitable activities. Those
individuals or organisations that receive the grant are called grantees.
GRASSROOTS ORGANISATIONS
Organisations which usually operate at a local/community level. A grassroots organization is usually, but not
exclusively, a service organisation that attempts to foster particular programmes and projects in the local
environment in which it is based.
GUIDELINES
A statement of a foundation to put forward the goals, priorities, criteria and procedures for applying for a
grant.
IN-KIND CONTRIBUTIONS
A contribution of equipment, supplies or other such property as distinct from a financial grant. Some
organisations may elect to donate office space or staff time as a contribution in kind.
LETTER OF ENQUIRY
Letter outlining an organisation's activities and its request for funding. Sent to a foundation or corporate-
giving programme to find out whether it would be appropriate to submit a full grant proposal. Many grant-
makers prefer to be contacted initially in this way prior to a full proposal being submitted.
LETTER OF REFUSAL/ DECLINATION
Letter sent by a foundation or corporate donor to explain why the project was not a awarded a grant.
MATCHING SUPPORT
Funding which is made to match funds provided by another donor.
MULTI-YEAR GRANT
Funding that is received in instalments paid as the project is developed.
ONE-OFF GRANT
Award of a fixed amount of money to fund the whole or a part of a project.
OPERATING FOUNDATION
Foundations whose primary purpose is to conduct research, social welfare or other programmes determined
by its governing body or establishment charter. Some grants may be made, but the sum is generally small
relative to the funds used to underwrite the foundation's own programmes.
PHILANTHROPY
A term used to describe voluntary giving by an individual or a group to promote the common good. It also
includes foundations and corporate donors giving programmes to nonprofit organistions.
PLEDGE
A time payment plan for dues, which allow the donor to pay in several instalments and allow the group to
receive more money. A popular renewable source of money is a pledge that is a promise to pay a certain
amount of money per time period.
PROGRAMME AREA
A subject area or topic that a funder has an interest in and provides funding for or has operational interests in
(e.g.) medical research, scholarships, the arts). Indicates a donor’s priorities.
PROGRAMME OFFICER
A staff member of a funder who reviews grant proposals and processes applications for the board of trustees.
They are the first people in the selection process.
61

PROPOSAL
A written document submitted to a foundation or corporate donor explaining the project for which you are
looking for funding.
SEED MONEY/START-UP SUPPORT
A grant or contribution used to start a new project or organisation. Seed grants may cover salaries and other
operating expenses of a new project.
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS
Individuals who engage in social enterprise and draw upon the best thinking in both the business and non-
profit worlds in order to advance their social agenda.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Operational or management assistance given to non-profit organisations. It can include fund-raising
assistance, budgeting and financial planning, programme planning, legal advice, marketing and other aids to
management. Assistance may be offered direct by a foundation or corporate staff member or in the form of a
grant to pay for the services of an outside consultant.
TRUST (CHARITABLE TRUST)
In the United Kingdom, a charitable trust is a trust established with the aim of benefiting the public, e.g. for
the advancement of medical research, education or the arts, or the improvement of human welfare.
TRUSTEE
A member of a governing board. Boards of trustees meet to review grant proposals and make decisions.
Often referred to as 'director' or 'board member'.

b) used by the European Union’s Youth Programme
Some of the terms used are specific to the YOUTH programme or have a specific meaning in European
terms. The following are some basic definitions of terminology:

Member States – the countries that are members of the European Union (see section B.2).
EFTA/EEA countries – the three countries which are members of the European Free Trade Association and
of the European Economic Area (see section B.2).
Pre-accession (or candidate) countries – countries which have applied for European Union membership
and participate fully in all YOUTH Actions (see section B.2).
Programme countries – EU Member States, EFTA/EEA countries and pre-accession countries. They can
participate fully in all YOUTH Actions (see list of countries in section B.2).
International Cooperation with Partner Countries – neither Member States of the European Union,
preaccession
countries, nor members of EFTA/EEA, i.e. the Mediterranean Partner Countries as well as the
countries from Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, South East Europe and Latin America listed in section B.3.
They can participate in YOUTH projects under Actions 1, 2 and 5, subject to specific criteria and procedures
as outlined in chapter H.
Mediterranean Partner Countries – the non-EU countries located on or near the Mediterranean Sea, that
are participating in the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme (see section B.3).
Eastern Europe and Caucasus: Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia Azerbaijan and Armenia
Euro-Med – the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme, which involves the EU Member States and
Mediterranean Partner Countries.
National Agencies – structures established by the national authorities in each Programme country in order to
assist the European Commission with management and to assume responsibility for implementation of most
of the YOUTH programme (see attached list of contact details).
Eurodesk – a European network of relays providing information relevant to young people and those who
work with them on European opportunities in the education, training and youth fields, and the involvement
of young people in European activities / http://www.eurodesk.org (see attached list of contact details).
SALTO-YOUTH Resource Centres – SALTO stands for “Support and Advanced Learning and Training
Opportunities”. These are structures established within the YOUTH programme to provide training and
information for youth organisations and National Agencies / http://www.salto-youth.net/ (see attached list of
contact details).
National Coordinators – structures established by the national authorities in each Euro-Med partner country
in order to facilitate implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Youth Action Programme (see attached list

62

of contact details).
The Partnership – the Partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe fosters the
active citizenship of young people by giving impetus to training and research activities in this field /
http://www.training-youth.net/ (see attached list of contact details).
Non-formal education - projects within YOUTH actively involve young people on a voluntary basis and
provide them with opportunities to acquire skills and competencies outside formal education and training
systems. Even though they are not part of any formal educational curriculum, YOUTH projects are
characterised by a carefully planned programme of personal and social education for participants and apply
methods of intercultural learning.
6
ENGYO – European non-governmental youth organisation based in one of the Programme countries and
with member branches in at least eight Programme countries (legal statutes).
Community funding – financial contribution from the YOUTH programme awarded to selected projects.

63

Appendix 3

What is the

EUROPEAN DIMENSION
of a local project?

The project’s theme is of European The central theme of the project should reflect a topic of current
interest European interest, such as UE enlargement, European institutions,
European projects, European elections, immigration, etc.

The project involve people from The project idea is created and developed by a multicultural group
different European countries of young people (from different countries but legally resident in the
country where the project will take place) and it underlines the
common European heritage.

The project encourage the feeling of belonging to Europe by
The project foster people’s sense of understanding its role as part of the present and future, e.g.
their European citizenship underlining the importance of democracy in the organisation of
European society and thus encourage young people to play and
active part in its institutions.

The project shows similarities and The creation of the project should show a comparison of one or
differences between European several specific issues in different countries around Europe, such as
countries Europe and young people, Europe and employment, Europe
through different arts and cultures, cultural diversity in Europe,
different realities of European young people, etc.

The project activities promote The main aim of the project could be to promote European
values of European priority priorities or European values such as social inclusion, equal
opportunities for men and women, human rights and democracy,
care of the environment, respect for other cultures, active
participation, youth information, etc.

The project reflects a common The project should focus on any common concern in Europe such
concern for European society as social exclusion, racism, xenophobia and anti-semitism, drug
abuse, alcoholism, crime, HIV, etc.

The project is an intercultural The project should provide space for mutual understanding
learning experience between different cultures living in the same local community, such
as co-operation between young people from different immigrant
backgrounds, e.g. between Roma and non-Roma communities, etc.

The project’s approach is applicable to similar contexts and it has
The project has partners to European partners to develop the local project into networking
develop a network of similar activities, e.g. the local project is to create a local newspaper with
activities in European countries the idea to develop it into network newspaper with various
European countries.

Mobility is an added value of a European project.
But a project can have a European dimension even if people don’t move physically.
Inspired from Project management T-kit, www.training-youth.net

64

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