The tuning of level controllers can be challenging due to variations in process dynamics and settings. Poorly tuned level controllers are a common cause of unacceptable variability. Tuning mistakes often involve setting the reset time and gain too small by more than an order of magnitude. The document then discusses how level responses vary based on vessel geometry, fluid density, and measurement spans. It provides guidance on how tuning settings should change based on level dynamics and control objectives. Finally, it examines using an adaptive controller for a conical tank and the opportunities for level applications more broadly.
This document provides an introduction to the BEM (Block, Element, Modifier) methodology for organizing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code in a consistent semantic structure. It explains that BEM aims to address the lack of a unified semantic model across frontend technologies by introducing a common naming convention based on blocks, elements, and modifiers. It then details BEM's core concepts and provides examples and best practices for implementing BEM in HTML/CSS and JavaScript.
The document contains information about BEM (Block Element Modifier), a methodology for structuring CSS and JavaScript code in a modular way. It discusses how blocks, elements, and modifiers are used to build user interfaces in a semantic and reusable way. Blocks represent independent components, elements are parts of blocks, and modifiers are used to change the style or behavior of blocks and elements. The document provides examples of HTML code structured according to BEM and how CSS and JavaScript can be mapped to this structure.
This document provides an introduction to the BEM (Block, Element, Modifier) methodology for organizing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code in a consistent semantic structure. It explains that BEM aims to address the lack of a unified semantic model across frontend technologies by introducing a common naming convention based on blocks, elements, and modifiers. It then details BEM's core concepts and provides examples and best practices for implementing BEM in HTML/CSS and JavaScript.
The document contains information about BEM (Block Element Modifier), a methodology for structuring CSS and JavaScript code in a modular way. It discusses how blocks, elements, and modifiers are used to build user interfaces in a semantic and reusable way. Blocks represent independent components, elements are parts of blocks, and modifiers are used to change the style or behavior of blocks and elements. The document provides examples of HTML code structured according to BEM and how CSS and JavaScript can be mapped to this structure.
Development And Implementationof High Frequency Pulsed Microjets for Active C...aswiley1
This document describes a novel high-bandwidth microfluidic actuator developed for active control of supersonic impinging jet flows. The actuator produces pulsed supersonic microjets with tunable amplitude and frequency. Preliminary testing showed the actuator eliminated impinging tones in a supersonic jet, generating new frequency peaks that require further study. The actuator leverages resonance in its geometry and source jet to produce unsteady, supersonic microjets for manipulating high-speed shear layers.
Active and Adaptive Control of Supersonic Flow Using High-Bandwidth Pulsed Mi...aswiley1
This document summarizes a technical symposium presentation about developing pulsed micro-actuators for controlling supersonic flows. It describes:
1) The need for high-bandwidth, high-amplitude actuators to control shear layers and boundary layers in supersonic flows, like those around STOVL aircraft or within weapon bays.
2) The design of a novel micro-actuator consisting of an under-expanded source jet impinging into a cylindrical cavity with multiple microjet nozzles, aimed to produce high-amplitude, tunable disturbances.
3) Preliminary testing showing the impinging jet actuator eliminates impinging jet flow tones while introducing new frequency peaks, warranting further exploration.
Control of Resonant Flows Using High Bandwidth Mirco-Actuatorsaswiley1
This document summarizes research into developing high bandwidth micro-actuators for controlling supersonic resonant flows. The actuators aim to produce both steady high momentum mean flow and high amplitude tunable frequency disturbances. Initial actuators have been designed and tested on impinging jet flows, eliminating impinging tones and reducing sound levels by 3-4 dB. The occurrence of new frequency peaks requires further exploration. The goal is to develop simple, robust actuators that can efficiently control high-speed aerodynamic flows.
The document discusses thrust vector control systems which redirect engine thrust to control aircraft attitude. It focuses on the jet deflection method, where small airfoils located at the nozzle exit plane cause thrust to be vectored. The goals are to analyze this system using CFD. NACA 0012 airfoils are selected due to symmetrical shape and lift characteristics. CFD will be used to simulate fluid flow and predict system performance before manufacturing. Key benefits of CFD include insight into designs, ability to test variants efficiently, and compressing development cycles.
101 Tips for a Successful Automation Career Appendix CISA Interchange
This document contains four checklists related to automation components and measurements:
1. A checklist for control valve performance with 12 items to ensure proper valve sizing, installation, and performance.
2. A checklist for inline flowmeters with 26 items to ensure proper meter selection, installation, and performance.
3. A checklist for analyzing process control loops using trend charts, with 14 items to ensure the historian setup allows for effective loop analysis.
4. A checklist for pH measurement with 22 items to ensure proper sensor material selection and installation for accuracy under operating conditions.
This document summarizes model experiments conducted to investigate hydrodynamic nonlinearities in jack-up platforms. Two simplified jack-up platform models were tested in regular and irregular waves. Force, acceleration, and displacement data were collected. Preliminary results showed the influence of structural response on hydrodynamic loads was significant near the platform's resonant frequency. Nonlinear effects like quadratic drag were observed. Paired regular wave tests provided an initial check of superposition principles. Overall, the experiments aimed to better understand jack-up platform hydrodynamics to inform computer simulations and design criteria.
This document describes a novel auto-tuning method for cascade control systems. The method uses a simple relay feedback test to simultaneously identify both the inner and outer loop process model parameters. This allows established PID tuning rules to then be applied to tune both loops. The method is simpler than existing approaches and can be directly integrated into commercial auto-tuning systems. It is illustrated through examples to be effective and robust.
This document discusses several topics related to power system operation and control:
1. It defines a control area as a region where all generators swing together in response to load changes or speed governor settings.
2. It explains that voltage stability refers to a power system reaching a stable post-disturbance voltage equilibrium.
3. It describes different approaches for steady-state security analysis, which test the system against contingencies by calculating changes and checking against constraints.
Application of Quantitative Feedback Theory for Wind Turbine Controller DesignGoran Bencic
This document summarizes the application of Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) for the design of wind turbine speed controllers. QFT is well-suited for controlling wind turbines because it can explicitly account for process uncertainty caused by changing wind conditions. The document first discusses challenges in controlling nonlinear wind turbine systems using classical control methods. It then provides motivation for using QFT, describing its ability to guarantee stability and performance specifications despite process uncertainty. The core concepts of QFT, including the use of templates and frequency domain boundaries, are explained. Finally, the document outlines the modeling of wind turbines needed as the first step of the QFT design process.
Interleaving Technique in Multiphase Buck & Boost ConverterIDES Editor
Some of the recent applications in the field of the
power supplies use multiphase converters to achieve fast
dynamic response, smaller input/output filters or better
packaging. Typically, these converters have several paralleled
power stages with a current loop in each phase and a unique
voltage loop. The presence of the current loops is necessary to
increase dynamic response (by using Current mode control)
and to avoid current unbalance among phases.
Flexible structure control a strategy for releasing input constraintsISA Interchange
This document proposes a new control structure called flexible-structure control to address the problem of output unreachability under input saturation. Flexible-structure control is a generalization of split-range control that uses two controllers connected through a piecewise linear function. This function decides when and how to change the control structure based on the value of one manipulated variable. The parameters of the nonlinear function control the interaction between the two manipulated variables. The structure allows the control to transfer from one variable to another to solve the output unreachability problem when one variable saturates, while taking into account the different dynamics involved in the system.
High Efficiency Resonant dc/dc Converter Utilizing a Resistance Compression N...Projectsatbangalore
The document describes a new high-efficiency resonant DC/DC converter topology called the Resistance Compression Network (RCN) converter. It operates with simultaneous zero-voltage switching and near zero-current switching across a wide range of input voltages, output voltages, and power levels, resulting in low switching losses. Experimental results from a 200W prototype show over 95% efficiency is maintained across an input voltage range of 25V to 40V with an output voltage of 400V, and it operates efficiently over a wide output voltage and power range. The RCN converter uses a resistance compression network and on/off control to maintain desired current waveforms and high efficiency over varying operating conditions.
This document summarizes flooding in a distillation column. Distillation separates mixtures based on differences in volatility through boiling and vaporization. Flooding occurs when excessive vapor flow carries liquid up the column, reducing efficiency. It can be detected by increases in differential pressure and decreases in separation. The document describes an experiment where a distillation column's reboiler heat was incrementally increased. Measurements from pressure transmitters showed that filtering and monitoring standard deviation of the pressure signal could provide early detection of the column approaching flooding. This allows operators to make adjustments and prevent loss of separation and reduced efficiency.
A New Control Method for the Multi-Area LFC System Based on Port-Hamiltonian ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new control method for load frequency control (LFC) in a multi-area power system based on Port-Hamiltonian and cascade systems. The proposed method uses PID control laws that decouple total tie-line power flow and provide robust disturbance rejection. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink validate that the proposed method performs better than existing PID methods by achieving faster response speeds and smaller overshoots for changes in tie-line power and frequency deviations in both two-area and four-area test systems with and without reheated turbines.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides information about a training module on understanding stage-discharge relations being conducted by the Central Water Commission of India. The training is aimed at middle level engineers and will cover topics like correlation and regression analysis, classification of controls, characteristics of rating curves, extrapolation of rating curves, and shifts in discharge ratings. The module will be 90 minutes long and use methods like lectures, discussions and questioning. The objectives are to help officers understand stage-discharge relations and impart this training to supervisors and junior staff.
Improving Transformer Tap Changer Processing In Distribution State Estimatorsdavidtrebolle
1. The document discusses improving the processing of transformer tap changer settings within distribution system state estimators.
2. It describes developing heuristic procedures to estimate tap changer positions while keeping the tap settings and controlled voltages within feasible bounds during state estimation iterations.
3. The key idea is to use appropriately selected pseudomeasurements as an alternative to complex inequality constraints, in order to obtain realistic network states for offline studies while enforcing physical and operational limits.
This document describes the design of a control system for controlling the dual axis gimbal assembly of a laser system. It involves designing controllers independently for the azimuth and elevation axes. For each axis, a current loop controller is designed first to control the motor current, followed by a stabilization loop controller to control the angular rate, with both loops nested within a position loop controller to minimize positioning error. PID controllers are designed using classical control techniques by analyzing the open loop frequency response and ensuring stability margins. The final controllers achieve the required bandwidth and performance specifications for both azimuth and elevation axes.
Duty Cycle Corrector Using Pulse Width ModulationVLSICS Design
In circuits, clocks usually play a very important role. Whenever data needs to be sampled, it is done with respect to clock signals. It uses the edges of the clock to sample the data. So, it becomes very much necessary to see to it that the clock signals are properly received specially in receiver circuits where data sampling is done, mainly in Double data rate(DDR) circuits. Due to effects such as jitter, skew, interference, device mismatches etc., duty cycle gets affected. We come up with duty cycle correctors that ensure 50% duty cycle of the clock signals. A duty cycle corrector (DCC) with analog feedback is proposed and simulated in 45nm process technology node. The duty cycle corrector operates for MHz frequency range covering the duty cycle from 35%-65%, with +/- 1.5% accuracy. The design is simple and the power consumption is 1.01mW.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Development And Implementationof High Frequency Pulsed Microjets for Active C...aswiley1
This document describes a novel high-bandwidth microfluidic actuator developed for active control of supersonic impinging jet flows. The actuator produces pulsed supersonic microjets with tunable amplitude and frequency. Preliminary testing showed the actuator eliminated impinging tones in a supersonic jet, generating new frequency peaks that require further study. The actuator leverages resonance in its geometry and source jet to produce unsteady, supersonic microjets for manipulating high-speed shear layers.
Active and Adaptive Control of Supersonic Flow Using High-Bandwidth Pulsed Mi...aswiley1
This document summarizes a technical symposium presentation about developing pulsed micro-actuators for controlling supersonic flows. It describes:
1) The need for high-bandwidth, high-amplitude actuators to control shear layers and boundary layers in supersonic flows, like those around STOVL aircraft or within weapon bays.
2) The design of a novel micro-actuator consisting of an under-expanded source jet impinging into a cylindrical cavity with multiple microjet nozzles, aimed to produce high-amplitude, tunable disturbances.
3) Preliminary testing showing the impinging jet actuator eliminates impinging jet flow tones while introducing new frequency peaks, warranting further exploration.
Control of Resonant Flows Using High Bandwidth Mirco-Actuatorsaswiley1
This document summarizes research into developing high bandwidth micro-actuators for controlling supersonic resonant flows. The actuators aim to produce both steady high momentum mean flow and high amplitude tunable frequency disturbances. Initial actuators have been designed and tested on impinging jet flows, eliminating impinging tones and reducing sound levels by 3-4 dB. The occurrence of new frequency peaks requires further exploration. The goal is to develop simple, robust actuators that can efficiently control high-speed aerodynamic flows.
The document discusses thrust vector control systems which redirect engine thrust to control aircraft attitude. It focuses on the jet deflection method, where small airfoils located at the nozzle exit plane cause thrust to be vectored. The goals are to analyze this system using CFD. NACA 0012 airfoils are selected due to symmetrical shape and lift characteristics. CFD will be used to simulate fluid flow and predict system performance before manufacturing. Key benefits of CFD include insight into designs, ability to test variants efficiently, and compressing development cycles.
101 Tips for a Successful Automation Career Appendix CISA Interchange
This document contains four checklists related to automation components and measurements:
1. A checklist for control valve performance with 12 items to ensure proper valve sizing, installation, and performance.
2. A checklist for inline flowmeters with 26 items to ensure proper meter selection, installation, and performance.
3. A checklist for analyzing process control loops using trend charts, with 14 items to ensure the historian setup allows for effective loop analysis.
4. A checklist for pH measurement with 22 items to ensure proper sensor material selection and installation for accuracy under operating conditions.
This document summarizes model experiments conducted to investigate hydrodynamic nonlinearities in jack-up platforms. Two simplified jack-up platform models were tested in regular and irregular waves. Force, acceleration, and displacement data were collected. Preliminary results showed the influence of structural response on hydrodynamic loads was significant near the platform's resonant frequency. Nonlinear effects like quadratic drag were observed. Paired regular wave tests provided an initial check of superposition principles. Overall, the experiments aimed to better understand jack-up platform hydrodynamics to inform computer simulations and design criteria.
This document describes a novel auto-tuning method for cascade control systems. The method uses a simple relay feedback test to simultaneously identify both the inner and outer loop process model parameters. This allows established PID tuning rules to then be applied to tune both loops. The method is simpler than existing approaches and can be directly integrated into commercial auto-tuning systems. It is illustrated through examples to be effective and robust.
This document discusses several topics related to power system operation and control:
1. It defines a control area as a region where all generators swing together in response to load changes or speed governor settings.
2. It explains that voltage stability refers to a power system reaching a stable post-disturbance voltage equilibrium.
3. It describes different approaches for steady-state security analysis, which test the system against contingencies by calculating changes and checking against constraints.
Application of Quantitative Feedback Theory for Wind Turbine Controller DesignGoran Bencic
This document summarizes the application of Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) for the design of wind turbine speed controllers. QFT is well-suited for controlling wind turbines because it can explicitly account for process uncertainty caused by changing wind conditions. The document first discusses challenges in controlling nonlinear wind turbine systems using classical control methods. It then provides motivation for using QFT, describing its ability to guarantee stability and performance specifications despite process uncertainty. The core concepts of QFT, including the use of templates and frequency domain boundaries, are explained. Finally, the document outlines the modeling of wind turbines needed as the first step of the QFT design process.
Interleaving Technique in Multiphase Buck & Boost ConverterIDES Editor
Some of the recent applications in the field of the
power supplies use multiphase converters to achieve fast
dynamic response, smaller input/output filters or better
packaging. Typically, these converters have several paralleled
power stages with a current loop in each phase and a unique
voltage loop. The presence of the current loops is necessary to
increase dynamic response (by using Current mode control)
and to avoid current unbalance among phases.
Flexible structure control a strategy for releasing input constraintsISA Interchange
This document proposes a new control structure called flexible-structure control to address the problem of output unreachability under input saturation. Flexible-structure control is a generalization of split-range control that uses two controllers connected through a piecewise linear function. This function decides when and how to change the control structure based on the value of one manipulated variable. The parameters of the nonlinear function control the interaction between the two manipulated variables. The structure allows the control to transfer from one variable to another to solve the output unreachability problem when one variable saturates, while taking into account the different dynamics involved in the system.
High Efficiency Resonant dc/dc Converter Utilizing a Resistance Compression N...Projectsatbangalore
The document describes a new high-efficiency resonant DC/DC converter topology called the Resistance Compression Network (RCN) converter. It operates with simultaneous zero-voltage switching and near zero-current switching across a wide range of input voltages, output voltages, and power levels, resulting in low switching losses. Experimental results from a 200W prototype show over 95% efficiency is maintained across an input voltage range of 25V to 40V with an output voltage of 400V, and it operates efficiently over a wide output voltage and power range. The RCN converter uses a resistance compression network and on/off control to maintain desired current waveforms and high efficiency over varying operating conditions.
This document summarizes flooding in a distillation column. Distillation separates mixtures based on differences in volatility through boiling and vaporization. Flooding occurs when excessive vapor flow carries liquid up the column, reducing efficiency. It can be detected by increases in differential pressure and decreases in separation. The document describes an experiment where a distillation column's reboiler heat was incrementally increased. Measurements from pressure transmitters showed that filtering and monitoring standard deviation of the pressure signal could provide early detection of the column approaching flooding. This allows operators to make adjustments and prevent loss of separation and reduced efficiency.
A New Control Method for the Multi-Area LFC System Based on Port-Hamiltonian ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a new control method for load frequency control (LFC) in a multi-area power system based on Port-Hamiltonian and cascade systems. The proposed method uses PID control laws that decouple total tie-line power flow and provide robust disturbance rejection. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink validate that the proposed method performs better than existing PID methods by achieving faster response speeds and smaller overshoots for changes in tie-line power and frequency deviations in both two-area and four-area test systems with and without reheated turbines.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document provides information about a training module on understanding stage-discharge relations being conducted by the Central Water Commission of India. The training is aimed at middle level engineers and will cover topics like correlation and regression analysis, classification of controls, characteristics of rating curves, extrapolation of rating curves, and shifts in discharge ratings. The module will be 90 minutes long and use methods like lectures, discussions and questioning. The objectives are to help officers understand stage-discharge relations and impart this training to supervisors and junior staff.
Improving Transformer Tap Changer Processing In Distribution State Estimatorsdavidtrebolle
1. The document discusses improving the processing of transformer tap changer settings within distribution system state estimators.
2. It describes developing heuristic procedures to estimate tap changer positions while keeping the tap settings and controlled voltages within feasible bounds during state estimation iterations.
3. The key idea is to use appropriately selected pseudomeasurements as an alternative to complex inequality constraints, in order to obtain realistic network states for offline studies while enforcing physical and operational limits.
This document describes the design of a control system for controlling the dual axis gimbal assembly of a laser system. It involves designing controllers independently for the azimuth and elevation axes. For each axis, a current loop controller is designed first to control the motor current, followed by a stabilization loop controller to control the angular rate, with both loops nested within a position loop controller to minimize positioning error. PID controllers are designed using classical control techniques by analyzing the open loop frequency response and ensuring stability margins. The final controllers achieve the required bandwidth and performance specifications for both azimuth and elevation axes.
Duty Cycle Corrector Using Pulse Width ModulationVLSICS Design
In circuits, clocks usually play a very important role. Whenever data needs to be sampled, it is done with respect to clock signals. It uses the edges of the clock to sample the data. So, it becomes very much necessary to see to it that the clock signals are properly received specially in receiver circuits where data sampling is done, mainly in Double data rate(DDR) circuits. Due to effects such as jitter, skew, interference, device mismatches etc., duty cycle gets affected. We come up with duty cycle correctors that ensure 50% duty cycle of the clock signals. A duty cycle corrector (DCC) with analog feedback is proposed and simulated in 45nm process technology node. The duty cycle corrector operates for MHz frequency range covering the duty cycle from 35%-65%, with +/- 1.5% accuracy. The design is simple and the power consumption is 1.01mW.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
❽❽❻❼❼❻❻❸❾❻ DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KA...essorprof62
DPBOSS NET SPBOSS SATTA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA GUESSING FREE KALYAN FIX JODI ANK LEAK FIX GAME BY DP BOSS MATKA SATTA NUMBER TODAY LUCKY NUMBER FREE TIPS ...
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
Unlock the full potential of the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) Principle with this comprehensive PowerPoint deck. Designed to enhance your analytical skills and strategic decision-making, this presentation guides you through the fundamental concepts, advanced techniques, and practical applications of the MECE framework, ensuring you can apply it effectively in various business contexts.
The MECE Principle, developed by Barbara Minto, an ex-consultant at McKinsey, is a foundational tool for structured thinking. Minto is also renowned for the Minto Pyramid Principle, which emphasizes the importance of logical structuring in writing and presenting ideas. This presentation includes a clear explanation of the MECE principle and its significance. It offers a detailed exploration of MECE concepts and categories, highlighting how to create mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive segments. You will learn to combine MECE with other powerful business frameworks like SWOT, Porter's Five Forces, and BCG Matrix. Discover sophisticated methods for applying MECE in complex scenarios and enhancing your problem-solving abilities. The deck also provides a step-by-step guide to performing thorough and structured MECE analyses, ensuring no aspect is overlooked. Insider tips are included to help you avoid common mistakes and optimize your MECE applications.
The presentation features illustrative examples from various industries to show MECE in action, providing practical insights and inspiration. It includes engaging group activities designed for the practice of the MECE principle, fostering collaborative learning and application. Key takeaways and success factors for mastering the MECE principle and applying it in your professional work are also covered.
The MECE Principle presentation is meticulously designed to provide you with all the tools and knowledge you need to master the MECE principle. Whether you're a business analyst, manager, or strategist, this presentation will empower you to deliver insightful and actionable analysis, drive better decision-making, and achieve outstanding results.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand the MECE Principle
2. Improve Analytical Skills
3. Apply MECE Framework
4. Enhance Decision-Making
5. Optimize Resource Allocation
6. Facilitate Strategic Planning
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi_compressed.pdfKhaled Al Awadi
Greetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USAGreetings,
Hawk Energy is pleased to present you with the latest energy news
NewBase 20 June 2024 Energy News issue - 1731 by Khaled Al Awadi
Regards.
Founder & S.Editor - NewBase Energy
Khaled M Al Awadi, Energy Consultant
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
63662490260Kalyan chart, satta matta matka 143, satta matka jodi fix , matka boss OTC 420, Indian Satta, India matka, matka ank, spbossmatka, online satta matka game play, live satta matka results, fix fix fix satta namber, free satta matka games, Kalyan matka jodi chart, Kalyan weekly final anl matka 420
Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN CHART
L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
KALYAN CHART SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: IntroductionCor Verdouw
Introduction to the Panel on: Pathways and Challenges: AI-Driven Technology in Agri-Food, AI4Food, University of Guelph
“Enhancing Adoption of AI in Agri-food: a Path Forward”, 18 June 2024
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Discover the Beauty and Functionality of The Expert Remodeling Serviceobriengroupinc04
Unlock your kitchen's true potential with expert remodeling services from O'Brien Group Inc. Transform your space into a functional, modern, and luxurious haven with their experienced professionals. From layout reconfiguration to high-end upgrades, they deliver stunning results tailored to your style and needs. Visit obriengroupinc.com to elevate your kitchen's beauty and functionality today.
Adani Group Requests For Additional Land For Its Dharavi Redevelopment Projec...Adani case
It will bring about growth and development not only in Maharashtra but also in our country as a whole, which will experience prosperity. The project will also give the Adani Group an opportunity to rise above the controversies that have been ongoing since the Adani CBI Investigation.
Adani Group Requests For Additional Land For Its Dharavi Redevelopment Projec...
Adaptive level-control
1. The tuning of level controllers can be challenging because
of the extreme variation in the process dynamics and tun-
ing settings. Control systems studies have shown that the
most frequent root cause of unacceptable variability in the
process is a poorly tuned level controller. The most com-
mon tuning mistake is a reset time (integral time) and gain
setting that are more than an order of magnitude too small.
In this article we first provide a fundamental understand-
ing of how the speed and type of level responses varies with
volume geometry, fluid density, level measurement span
and flow measurement span for the general case of a ves-
sel and the more specific case of a conical tank. Next we
clarify how tuning settings change with level dynamics and
loop objectives. Finally, we investigate the use of an adap-
tive controller for the conical tank in a university lab and
discuss the opportunities for all types of level applications.
General Dynamics for vessel Level
There have been a lot of good articles on level control dy-
namics and tuning requirements. However, there often are
details missing on the effect of equipment design, process
conditions, transmitter calibration and valve sizing that
are important in the analysis and understanding. Here we
offer a more complete view with derivations in Appendix
A, available on the ControlGlobal website (www.control-
global.com/1002_LevelAppA.html).
Frequently, the flows are pumped out of a vessel. If we
consider the changes in the static head at the pump suc-
tion to have a negligible effect on pump flow, the discharge
flows are independent of level. A higher level does not force
out more flow, and a lower level does not force out less flow.
There is no process self-regulation, and the process has an
2. LeveL
Normally, the denominator of the integrating pro-
cess gain that is the product of the density ( ), cross-sec-
tional area (A) and level span (mass holdup in the control
range) is so large compared to the flow rate that the rate
of change of level is extremely slow. For horizontal tanks
or drums and spheres, the cross-sectional area varies with
level. In these vessels, the integrating process gain is low-
est at the midpoint (e.g. 50% level) and highest at the op-
erating constraints (e.g. low- and high-level alarm and
trip points).
Most people in process automation realize that a con-
troller gain increased beyond the point at which oscil-
lations start can cause less decay (less damping) of the
oscillation amplitude. If the controller gain is further in-
creased, the oscillations will grow in amplitude (the loop
Figure 1. Conical Tank in MIT Anna University Lab with becomes unstable). Consequently, an oscillatory response
an industrial DCS. is addressed by decreasing the controller gain. What most
don’t realize is that the opposite correction is more likely
integrating response. There is no steady state. Any unbal- needed for integrating processes. Most level loops are
ance in flows in and out causes the level to ramp. When the tuned with a gain below a lower gain limit. We are fa-
totals of the flows in and out are equal, the ramp stops. For miliar with the upper gain limit that causes relatively fast
a setpoint change, the manipulated flow must drive past the oscillations growing in amplitude. We are not so cogni-
balance point for the level to reach the new setpoint. If we zant of the oscillations with a slow period and slow decay
are manipulating the feed flow to the volume, the feed flow caused by too low of a controller gain. The period and
must be driven lower than the exit flow for a decrease in decay gets slower as the controller gain is decreased. In
setpoint. The ramp rate can vary by six orders of magnitude other words, if the user sees these oscillations and thinks
from extremely slow rates (0.000001%/sec) to exceptionally they are due to too high a controller gain, he or she may
fast rates (1%/sec). The ramp rate of level in percent per sec- decrease the controller gain, making the oscillations
ond for a 1% change in flow is the integrating process gain worse (more persistent). In the section on controller tun-
(%/sec/% = 1/sec). The integrating process gain (Ki ) for this ing, we will see that the product of the controller gain
general case of level control, as derived in Appendix A, is: and reset time must be greater than a limit determined by
Ki = Fmax / [( * A) L max ] Eq. 1
Since the PID algorithm in nearly all industrial con- Conical tank
trol systems works on input and output signals in percent,
the tuning settings depend upon maximums. The flow
maximum (Fmax) and level maximum (Lmax) in Equation r
1 must be in consistent engineering units (e.g. meters for
level and kg/sec for flow). The maximums are the mea- h
Variable- ow pump
surement spans for level and flow ranges that start at zero. Fmax
Most of the published information on process gains does
not take into account the effect of measurement scales
and valve capacities. The equation for the integrating Hand valve
process gain assumes that there is a linear relationship
between the controller output and feed flow that can be
achieved by a cascade of level to flow control or a linear
installed flow characteristic. If the controller output goes
directly to position a nonlinear valve, the equation should Reservoir
be multiplied by the slope at the operating point on the
installed characteristic plotted as percent maximum ca-
pacity (Fmax) versus percent stroke. Figure 2. Conical tank detail.
3. LeveL
standards, interfaces and tools. The
DCS allows graduate students and
professors to explore the use of indus-
try’s state-of-the-art advanced control
tools. Less recognized is the oppor-
tunity to use the DCS for rapid pro-
totyping and deployment of leading
edge advances developed from uni-
versity research.
The conical tank with gravity f low
introduces a severe nonlinearity from
the extreme changes in area. The de-
pendence of discharge f low on the
square root of the static head cre-
ates another nonlinearity and nega-
tive feedback. The process no longer
Figure 3. Performance of linear PID level controller for a conical tank. has a true integrating response. In
Appendix A online ( www.control-
global.com/1002_LevelAppA.html),
the process gain to prevent these slow must be increased to prevent slow os- the equations for the process time
oscillations. cillations. constant ( p) and process gain (K p)
In some applications, exception- Adaptive level controllers can not are developed from a material bal-
ally tight level control, through en- only account for the effect of ves- ance applicable to liquids or solids.
forcement of a residence time or a sel geometry, but also deal with The equations are approximations
material balance for a unit operation, the changes in process gain from because the head term (h) was not
is needed for best product quality. changes in f luid density and non- isolated. Since the radius (r) of the
The quantity and quality of product linear valves. Even if these nonlin- cross-sectional area at the surface
for continuous reactors and crystal- earities are not significant, the adap- is proportional to the height of the
lizers depend on residence times. tive level control with proper tuning level as depicted in Figure 2, it is ex-
For fed-batch operations, there may rules removes the confusion of the pected that the decrease in process
be an optimum batch level. The allowable gain window, and prevents time constant is much larger than
variability in column temperature the situation of level loops being the decrease in process gain with a
that is an inference of product con- tuned with not enough gain and too decrease in level.
centration in a direct material bal- much reset action.
ance control scheme depends on the
* r2
tightness of the overhead receiver Specific Dynamics for Conical Tank Level p
= * h1/2
3*C
level control. Since these overhead Conical tanks with gravity discharge Eq. 2
receivers are often horizontal tanks, flow are used as an inexpensive way to
a small change in level can represent feed slurries and solids such as lime, h1/2 * Fmax
Kp =
a huge change in inventory and ma- bark and coal to unit operations. The C * L max
nipulated ref lux f low. conical shape prevents the accumu- Eq. 3
In other applications, level control lation of solids on the bottom of the
can be challenging due to shrink and tank. The Madras Institute of Tech- Controller Tuning Rules
swell (e.g. boiler drums and column nology (MIT) at Anna University in The lambda controller tuning rules
sumps) or because of the need for Chennai, India, has a liquid conical allow the user to provide a closed-
the level to float to avoid upsetting tank controlled by a distributed con- loop time constant or arrest time
the feed to downstream units (e.g. trol system (DCS) per the latest inter- from a lambda factor ( f) for self-reg-
surge tanks). If the level controller national standards for the process in- ulating and integrating processes, re-
gain is decreased to reduce the reac- dustry as shown in Figure 1. The use spectively. The upper and lower con-
tion to inverse response from shrink of a DCS in a university lab offers the troller gain limits are a simple fall out
and swell or to allow the level to float opportunity for students to become of the equations and can be readily
within alarm limits, the reset time proficient in industrial terminology, enforced as part of the tuning rules
4. LeveL
in an adaptive controller. An adaptive controller integrated into the DCS was used to
For a self-regulating process the controller gain (Kc) and automatically identify the process dynamics (process model) for
reset time (Ti) are computed as follows from the process gain the setpoint changes seen in Figure 3. The adaptive controller
(K ), process time constant and process dead time ( p): employs an optimal search method with re-centering that finds
the process dead time, process time constant, and process gain
Ti that best fits the observed response. The trigger for process iden-
Kc = tification can be a setpoint change or periodic perturbation au-
Kp * ( * + )
f p p Eq. 4 tomatically introduced into the controller output or any manual
change in the controller output made by the operator.
Ti = p
The process models are categorized into five regions as
Eq. 5 indicated in Figure 4. The controller gain and reset settings
computed from the lambda tuning rules are then automati-
The upper gain limit to prevent fast oscillations occurs cally used as the level moves from one region to another.
when the closed loop time constant equals to the dead time. This scheduling of the identified dynamics and calculated
tuning settings eliminates the need for the adaptive control-
p
Kc <
Kp * 2 * p
Eq. 6
For an integrating process the controller gain (Kc) and
reset time (Ti) are computed as follows from the integrating
process gain (Ki) and process deadtime ( p):
Ti
Kc =
Ki * [( f /Ki) + p
]2
Eq. 7
Ti = 2 * ( f /Ki ) + p
Eq. 8
The upper gain limit to prevent fast oscillations occurs
when the closed loop arrest time equals the dead time: Figure 4. Process models automatically identi ed for operat-
ing regions.
3
Kc <
Ki * 4 * p Eq. 9
The lower gain limit to prevent slow oscillations occurs
when the product of the controller gain and reset time is
too small.
4
Kc * Ti >
Ki
Eq. 10
Opportunities for Adaptive Control of Conical Tank Level
A linear PID controller with the ISA standard structure was
tuned for tight level control at 50% level for a detailed dy-
namic simulation of the conical tank. Figure 3 shows that
for setpoints ranging from 10% to 90%, a decrease in process
time constant greater than the decrease in process gain at Figure 5. Performance of adaptive PID level controller for
low levels causes excessive oscillations. conical tank.