The document discusses climate change adaptation and CDC's Climate and Health Program. It provides an overview of the BRACE framework, a 5-step process developed by CDC to help public health agencies develop climate adaptation plans. It then highlights success stories from the Minnesota and San Francisco public health departments in using the BRACE framework to assess health vulnerabilities, educate the public, and develop adaptation strategies to address health risks from climate change such as extreme heat, flooding and air pollution.
Reframing Climate Change as a Public Health Issue: Challenges and Opportuniti...Renzo Guinto
The Philippines faces significant challenges from climate change, ranking high on global indices of vulnerability. However, public awareness of climate change impacts is low. The document discusses opportunities for the health sector to play a leading role in climate action. It proposes reframing climate change as a public health issue to raise awareness and support for adaptation. The Department of Health is well-positioned to champion this approach and strengthen climate resilience through existing health policies and programs.
2.1a Vulnerability and adaptation of the health sector in ZambiaNAP Events
The document summarizes the key points from a presentation on developing a National Adaptation Plan for the health sector in Zambia. The presentation covered an overview of the Health National Adaptation Plan (HNAP) process, methodology used, goals, alignment with other development plans, climate risks to health, challenges, key national health programs, and conclusion. The HNAP aims to strengthen health systems, protect public health from climate impacts, build community resilience, and provide guidance on adaptation measures. Climate risks identified include increased extreme events, drought, floods, and temperature changes potentially impacting disease distribution and vulnerable groups. Challenges in developing the HNAP include capacity and resource constraints.
Dr.sridhar rudravarapu presentation- ipe national conference 20-21 feb 2013Sridhar Rudravarapu
Provision of Preventive or Maintenance Support in the form of Nutraceuticals/Dietary Supplements/functional foods/cosmeceuticals could be an effective health intervention for the needy populace at all life stages in diverse environmental conditions to deal with the direct and indirect effects of climate change.
Indian Scenario: The Government of India needs to enhance the scope and implement additional strategic action plans for adaptation to health impacts due to climate change. Accordingly, thrust on nutritional and health supplements as preventive or maintenance strategy to counter the health impacts due to climate change is essential right from the planning stages.
Managing the Health Effects of Global WarmingElisaMendelsohn
This document summarizes the key points of "The Lancet Commissions: Managing the health effects of climate change":
1. Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century and will affect most populations in the coming decades, putting billions at increased risk from rising temperatures, changing disease patterns, and extreme weather events.
2. Effects will be greater at higher latitudes, with models predicting temperatures rising 2-3°C by 2090 in most areas and 4-5°C in parts of Canada, Greenland, and Siberia. Indirect impacts on food and water security and extreme events will have the biggest effects on health.
3. A new global advocacy movement is urgently needed
Climate change adaptation to protect human health copySazzad Khan
Climate change poses significant threats to human health according to the World Health Organization. The document outlines evidence that climate change is occurring due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and rising global temperatures. It discusses how climate change can impact health through various pathways and lists some major health vulnerabilities in developing countries. The document then explains that adaptation measures are needed to protect human health from climate variability and change. It provides examples of global collaboration on climate and health adaptation projects between 2010-2014 and discusses vulnerabilities specific to Bangladesh.
This paper is based on the deliberations and recommendations of the World Health Assembly (See Assembly document WHA61/14 and resolution WHA61.19), and WHO Executive Board Resolutions EB124.R5 on Climate Change and Health, as well as the World Health Day report on Climate Change and Health (http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/en/index.html).
Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefelle...Carol Daemon
The document is a report from The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health that addresses the threats that environmental changes pose to human health. The summary identifies three main challenges: 1) conceptual failures to prioritize long-term health and sustainability over short-term economic gains, 2) knowledge failures around transdisciplinary research on social and environmental health drivers, and 3) implementation failures in governmental responses to environmental health threats. The report calls for action across multiple sectors to promote policies that improve health and environmental sustainability, especially for vulnerable populations. Key recommendations include accounting for natural capital, balancing economic growth with sustainability, transforming energy and agricultural systems, and expanding transdisciplinary research on health and environmental linkages.
Planetary health: a new science for exceptional actionCarol Daemon
The document discusses the concept of planetary health as defined by The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on Planetary Health. Planetary health aims to achieve the highest standard of health and well-being for all people worldwide through consideration of both human systems and Earth's natural systems. It recognizes that human health depends on environmentally sustainable and socially just societies. The commission outlines three main challenges to address - conceptual challenges to account for future health and environmental impacts, knowledge challenges around transdisciplinary research and drivers of ill health, and governance challenges. Planetary health demands new partnerships across disciplines and attention to governance to address pervasive knowledge failures.
Reframing Climate Change as a Public Health Issue: Challenges and Opportuniti...Renzo Guinto
The Philippines faces significant challenges from climate change, ranking high on global indices of vulnerability. However, public awareness of climate change impacts is low. The document discusses opportunities for the health sector to play a leading role in climate action. It proposes reframing climate change as a public health issue to raise awareness and support for adaptation. The Department of Health is well-positioned to champion this approach and strengthen climate resilience through existing health policies and programs.
2.1a Vulnerability and adaptation of the health sector in ZambiaNAP Events
The document summarizes the key points from a presentation on developing a National Adaptation Plan for the health sector in Zambia. The presentation covered an overview of the Health National Adaptation Plan (HNAP) process, methodology used, goals, alignment with other development plans, climate risks to health, challenges, key national health programs, and conclusion. The HNAP aims to strengthen health systems, protect public health from climate impacts, build community resilience, and provide guidance on adaptation measures. Climate risks identified include increased extreme events, drought, floods, and temperature changes potentially impacting disease distribution and vulnerable groups. Challenges in developing the HNAP include capacity and resource constraints.
Dr.sridhar rudravarapu presentation- ipe national conference 20-21 feb 2013Sridhar Rudravarapu
Provision of Preventive or Maintenance Support in the form of Nutraceuticals/Dietary Supplements/functional foods/cosmeceuticals could be an effective health intervention for the needy populace at all life stages in diverse environmental conditions to deal with the direct and indirect effects of climate change.
Indian Scenario: The Government of India needs to enhance the scope and implement additional strategic action plans for adaptation to health impacts due to climate change. Accordingly, thrust on nutritional and health supplements as preventive or maintenance strategy to counter the health impacts due to climate change is essential right from the planning stages.
Managing the Health Effects of Global WarmingElisaMendelsohn
This document summarizes the key points of "The Lancet Commissions: Managing the health effects of climate change":
1. Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century and will affect most populations in the coming decades, putting billions at increased risk from rising temperatures, changing disease patterns, and extreme weather events.
2. Effects will be greater at higher latitudes, with models predicting temperatures rising 2-3°C by 2090 in most areas and 4-5°C in parts of Canada, Greenland, and Siberia. Indirect impacts on food and water security and extreme events will have the biggest effects on health.
3. A new global advocacy movement is urgently needed
Climate change adaptation to protect human health copySazzad Khan
Climate change poses significant threats to human health according to the World Health Organization. The document outlines evidence that climate change is occurring due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels and rising global temperatures. It discusses how climate change can impact health through various pathways and lists some major health vulnerabilities in developing countries. The document then explains that adaptation measures are needed to protect human health from climate variability and change. It provides examples of global collaboration on climate and health adaptation projects between 2010-2014 and discusses vulnerabilities specific to Bangladesh.
This paper is based on the deliberations and recommendations of the World Health Assembly (See Assembly document WHA61/14 and resolution WHA61.19), and WHO Executive Board Resolutions EB124.R5 on Climate Change and Health, as well as the World Health Day report on Climate Change and Health (http://www.who.int/world-health-day/previous/2008/en/index.html).
Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefelle...Carol Daemon
The document is a report from The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health that addresses the threats that environmental changes pose to human health. The summary identifies three main challenges: 1) conceptual failures to prioritize long-term health and sustainability over short-term economic gains, 2) knowledge failures around transdisciplinary research on social and environmental health drivers, and 3) implementation failures in governmental responses to environmental health threats. The report calls for action across multiple sectors to promote policies that improve health and environmental sustainability, especially for vulnerable populations. Key recommendations include accounting for natural capital, balancing economic growth with sustainability, transforming energy and agricultural systems, and expanding transdisciplinary research on health and environmental linkages.
Planetary health: a new science for exceptional actionCarol Daemon
The document discusses the concept of planetary health as defined by The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on Planetary Health. Planetary health aims to achieve the highest standard of health and well-being for all people worldwide through consideration of both human systems and Earth's natural systems. It recognizes that human health depends on environmentally sustainable and socially just societies. The commission outlines three main challenges to address - conceptual challenges to account for future health and environmental impacts, knowledge challenges around transdisciplinary research and drivers of ill health, and governance challenges. Planetary health demands new partnerships across disciplines and attention to governance to address pervasive knowledge failures.
This document provides an agenda and speaker bios for an expert consultation hosted by the President's Task Force on Children's Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children Subcommittee on Climate Change. The agenda outlines a day-long series of sessions on various topics related to the effects of climate change on children's health. Speaker bios are provided for over 20 experts participating in the consultation. The goal of the consultation is to inform federal strategies for addressing climate change impacts on children.
This document provides a comprehensive literature review on the relationships between climate change and human health, organized by topic. It includes over 50 references from public health organizations and peer-reviewed studies on issues such as extreme heat, food insecurity, infectious diseases, water contamination, air quality, and the health benefits of reducing emissions. The references document the impacts of climate change on physical health outcomes and suggest strategies for public health adaptation and mitigation.
Unit 3 Lecture: Quality of Life and the Environmentguest8c5dcb
The document discusses quality of life and the links between the environment and health. It presents a quality of life model that views quality of life as multidimensional and involving physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. The model emphasizes connections to one's environment and opportunities to enhance skills. The document also outlines diseases related to environmental pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil degradation, and their impacts on health and productivity worldwide. Finally, it discusses the current state of environmental health in the Philippines and challenges posed by factors like population growth, rapid urbanization, poverty, and lifestyle choices.
This document describes two certificate courses. The first course provides an overview of climate change and its health impacts, including introductions to how climate change affects communicable and non-communicable diseases and responses through adaptation and mitigation. The second course targets individuals in health, policy, education, and humanitarian fields and covers public health approaches to disaster response, disaster concepts and trends, health impacts of disasters, and responding to health needs during disasters.
Development of National Policy on Health for Adaptation to Climate Change in...Fitri Indra Wardhono
Climate Change now become an important issue in Indonesia and is mainstreamed in National Development Plan.
Ministry of Health has been developing a National Policy and strategy on Health for Adaptation to Climate Change.
With other sectors, health adaptation strategy will be implemented under National Development Plan 2010-2029.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmen...YogeshIJTSRD
Environment is a major determinant of health of individual, family and community. Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injury and disability related to interactions between people and their environment. Aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding environmental health among women . Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used. Non. probability convenient sampling technique was adopted . the result findings shows that pre test mean score of environmental health was 11.3 with SD of 3.85 and the post test mean score was 23. 9with SD of 1.19. There was a statistically significant increase in the overall knowledge regarding environmental health after structured teaching programme at p .00001 level. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmental Health among Women in Selected Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41123.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/41123/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-environmental-health-among-women-in-selected-setting-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
This policy brief examines temperature-related health impacts in the United States. It discusses how temperature variations can cause health issues like heat-related illnesses and mortality. Certain populations, like those in urban areas, are more vulnerable. The brief recommends a holistic approach to address this issue through disaster management planning that integrates health systems. It also emphasizes stakeholder involvement, infrastructure improvements, and public preparedness. Temperature changes significantly impact health care delivery systems by increasing heat-related sickness and healthcare costs. Preventive actions are needed year-round to reduce burdens on public health.
This document summarizes a presentation on research priorities for investigating the connections between COVID-19, the environment, and health. It introduces the HERA project, which aims to develop a European research agenda on these topics. The presentation outlines three main research goals: examining environmental drivers of SARS-CoV-2 emergence and spread; understanding the health impacts of COVID-19 in relation to environmental stressors like climate change and air pollution; and analyzing the integrated socioeconomic, political, and health implications of COVID-19 and different intervention strategies.
COVID-19: The Day Before | Introduction to the series. COVID-19 and Planetary...El día después será...
The document discusses COVID-19 within the context of planetary health and global environmental change. It proposes a framework to explore the role of the environment in the proximal and distal causes of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as its short and long term impacts. It examines the complex relationship between infections, climate, air pollution, and other environmental changes before, during and after the pandemic. It also discusses how biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, and urbanization can facilitate new epidemics and influence their public health impact.
The document discusses community-based adaptation planning for climate change. It provides background on the need to help vulnerable communities adapt to climate impacts. The key concepts covered include defining adaptation, different types of adaptation (anticipatory, autonomous, planned, etc.), and different types of adaptation plans (NAPAs, LAPAs, CBAPs). It then discusses guiding principles of good adaptation planning and outlines a process for developing community-based adaptation policies and plans through vulnerability and risk assessment, identifying adaptation options, and developing an action plan. Tools are suggested for each step of the planning process.
0. aandp net presentation on hfa climate change and drrNDRC Nepal
1) Climate change adaptation involves adjusting systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts to moderate harm or exploit opportunities. Many disaster risk reduction measures can directly contribute to better adaptation.
2) The Hyogo Framework for Action provides the foundation for implementing disaster risk reduction and calls for integrating risk reduction for current climate variability and future climate change into strategies.
3) Implementing disaster risk reduction policies and programs can limit climate-related hazard impacts, directly support adaptation, and help reduce poverty, offering a triple benefit. Political commitment is needed to drive cross-sector action.
The document discusses the relationship between environment and public health. It states that environment includes both natural and artificial elements that impact human survival and activity. Changes to the environment can directly or indirectly harm human health. Several laws and initiatives exist to protect public health and the environment. The judiciary has played a key role in establishing principles like "polluter pays" and interpreting laws to safeguard environmental protection and public health under the right to life. Landmark court cases have focused on issues like water pollution, sanitation, and air pollution. Overall the document emphasizes that environment and public health are interconnected and the law seeks to preserve this relationship.
This review article discusses how particulate air pollution and socioeconomic factors can negatively impact fetal and placental development through similar biological pathways. It explores how air pollution exposure and socioeconomic status can independently and jointly contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review examines the role of the placenta and how oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption from the physical and social environments can lead to deficient placental development and complications during pregnancy.
This document discusses the growing prevalence and economic impact of chronic diseases in the San Joaquin Valley region of California and San Joaquin County specifically. It finds that rates of chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are higher in the region than statewide averages and are leading to premature death. The high costs of treating chronic diseases place a large burden on both the healthcare system and individuals' finances. Where people live determines their exposure to risks and opportunities for healthy living. Understanding current health issues is important to addressing them through public policy changes.
This document summarizes a presentation on building resilient health systems for climate change. It discusses the need for frameworks to increase health system resilience. It provides background on key concepts like health, health systems, and environmental determinants of health. It then highlights research examples on how climate change impacts health through water and sanitation systems and vector-borne diseases. The presentation introduces a WHO framework with 10 components for resilient health systems and provides details on the health research and environmental health management components. It also discusses national climate change adaptation research plans, including Australia's plan for the health sector.
This document discusses various concepts and dimensions of global health. It begins by providing context on the rise of the term "global health" and some existing definitions. It then discusses key aspects of global health such as its history, current definitions, and whether it is primarily a concern of high-income countries. Some key points made include: the field is interdisciplinary and addresses health issues that transcend national boundaries; there are debates around distinguishing global health from related terms like public health and international health; and while disease burdens are highest in low/middle-income countries, most global health centers are located in high-income countries. The document advocates for a collaborative, transnational approach to research and action aimed at promoting health for all.
This document summarizes VicRoads' climate change risk assessment and adaptation strategies. It identifies the greatest risk as the impact of sea level rise on coastal assets in eastern Victoria, which could result in road overtopping and damage to pavements and bridges. While impacts are predicted across the Victorian coast, the effects are likely to be most significant in eastern regions. The assessment adopts a conservative climate change scenario, consistent with other Australian organizations, to project more significant climate impacts by 2030, 2070 and 2100. Adaptation strategies will need to consider asset lifespans and evolve as new climate projections and data emerge.
This document discusses successful adaptation to climate change. It addresses who makes adaptation decisions across different scales, from individuals to governments. There are three key dimensions to successful adaptation: reducing a system's sensitivity; altering its exposure; and increasing its resilience. However, defining success is complicated by potential externalities across spatial and temporal scales. Adaptation must be evaluated based on principles of equity, effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy to promote sustainable action.
El documento describe la estructura y objetivos de varios regímenes y sistemas de seguridad social en Venezuela. El Sistema de Seguridad Social está compuesto de subsistemas como salud, pensiones y vivienda, y tiene como objetivo garantizar el derecho a la salud, pensiones y vivienda digna. La Superintendencia de Seguridad Social fiscaliza los recursos financieros de los regímenes, mientras que la Rectoría del Sistema establece políticas y coordina las entidades relacionadas con la seguridad social.
This document provides an agenda and speaker bios for an expert consultation hosted by the President's Task Force on Children's Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children Subcommittee on Climate Change. The agenda outlines a day-long series of sessions on various topics related to the effects of climate change on children's health. Speaker bios are provided for over 20 experts participating in the consultation. The goal of the consultation is to inform federal strategies for addressing climate change impacts on children.
This document provides a comprehensive literature review on the relationships between climate change and human health, organized by topic. It includes over 50 references from public health organizations and peer-reviewed studies on issues such as extreme heat, food insecurity, infectious diseases, water contamination, air quality, and the health benefits of reducing emissions. The references document the impacts of climate change on physical health outcomes and suggest strategies for public health adaptation and mitigation.
Unit 3 Lecture: Quality of Life and the Environmentguest8c5dcb
The document discusses quality of life and the links between the environment and health. It presents a quality of life model that views quality of life as multidimensional and involving physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. The model emphasizes connections to one's environment and opportunities to enhance skills. The document also outlines diseases related to environmental pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil degradation, and their impacts on health and productivity worldwide. Finally, it discusses the current state of environmental health in the Philippines and challenges posed by factors like population growth, rapid urbanization, poverty, and lifestyle choices.
This document describes two certificate courses. The first course provides an overview of climate change and its health impacts, including introductions to how climate change affects communicable and non-communicable diseases and responses through adaptation and mitigation. The second course targets individuals in health, policy, education, and humanitarian fields and covers public health approaches to disaster response, disaster concepts and trends, health impacts of disasters, and responding to health needs during disasters.
Development of National Policy on Health for Adaptation to Climate Change in...Fitri Indra Wardhono
Climate Change now become an important issue in Indonesia and is mainstreamed in National Development Plan.
Ministry of Health has been developing a National Policy and strategy on Health for Adaptation to Climate Change.
With other sectors, health adaptation strategy will be implemented under National Development Plan 2010-2029.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmen...YogeshIJTSRD
Environment is a major determinant of health of individual, family and community. Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injury and disability related to interactions between people and their environment. Aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding environmental health among women . Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used. Non. probability convenient sampling technique was adopted . the result findings shows that pre test mean score of environmental health was 11.3 with SD of 3.85 and the post test mean score was 23. 9with SD of 1.19. There was a statistically significant increase in the overall knowledge regarding environmental health after structured teaching programme at p .00001 level. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmental Health among Women in Selected Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41123.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/41123/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-environmental-health-among-women-in-selected-setting-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
This policy brief examines temperature-related health impacts in the United States. It discusses how temperature variations can cause health issues like heat-related illnesses and mortality. Certain populations, like those in urban areas, are more vulnerable. The brief recommends a holistic approach to address this issue through disaster management planning that integrates health systems. It also emphasizes stakeholder involvement, infrastructure improvements, and public preparedness. Temperature changes significantly impact health care delivery systems by increasing heat-related sickness and healthcare costs. Preventive actions are needed year-round to reduce burdens on public health.
This document summarizes a presentation on research priorities for investigating the connections between COVID-19, the environment, and health. It introduces the HERA project, which aims to develop a European research agenda on these topics. The presentation outlines three main research goals: examining environmental drivers of SARS-CoV-2 emergence and spread; understanding the health impacts of COVID-19 in relation to environmental stressors like climate change and air pollution; and analyzing the integrated socioeconomic, political, and health implications of COVID-19 and different intervention strategies.
COVID-19: The Day Before | Introduction to the series. COVID-19 and Planetary...El día después será...
The document discusses COVID-19 within the context of planetary health and global environmental change. It proposes a framework to explore the role of the environment in the proximal and distal causes of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as its short and long term impacts. It examines the complex relationship between infections, climate, air pollution, and other environmental changes before, during and after the pandemic. It also discusses how biodiversity loss, climate change, pollution, and urbanization can facilitate new epidemics and influence their public health impact.
The document discusses community-based adaptation planning for climate change. It provides background on the need to help vulnerable communities adapt to climate impacts. The key concepts covered include defining adaptation, different types of adaptation (anticipatory, autonomous, planned, etc.), and different types of adaptation plans (NAPAs, LAPAs, CBAPs). It then discusses guiding principles of good adaptation planning and outlines a process for developing community-based adaptation policies and plans through vulnerability and risk assessment, identifying adaptation options, and developing an action plan. Tools are suggested for each step of the planning process.
0. aandp net presentation on hfa climate change and drrNDRC Nepal
1) Climate change adaptation involves adjusting systems in response to actual or expected climate impacts to moderate harm or exploit opportunities. Many disaster risk reduction measures can directly contribute to better adaptation.
2) The Hyogo Framework for Action provides the foundation for implementing disaster risk reduction and calls for integrating risk reduction for current climate variability and future climate change into strategies.
3) Implementing disaster risk reduction policies and programs can limit climate-related hazard impacts, directly support adaptation, and help reduce poverty, offering a triple benefit. Political commitment is needed to drive cross-sector action.
The document discusses the relationship between environment and public health. It states that environment includes both natural and artificial elements that impact human survival and activity. Changes to the environment can directly or indirectly harm human health. Several laws and initiatives exist to protect public health and the environment. The judiciary has played a key role in establishing principles like "polluter pays" and interpreting laws to safeguard environmental protection and public health under the right to life. Landmark court cases have focused on issues like water pollution, sanitation, and air pollution. Overall the document emphasizes that environment and public health are interconnected and the law seeks to preserve this relationship.
This review article discusses how particulate air pollution and socioeconomic factors can negatively impact fetal and placental development through similar biological pathways. It explores how air pollution exposure and socioeconomic status can independently and jointly contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The review examines the role of the placenta and how oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption from the physical and social environments can lead to deficient placental development and complications during pregnancy.
This document discusses the growing prevalence and economic impact of chronic diseases in the San Joaquin Valley region of California and San Joaquin County specifically. It finds that rates of chronic conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and obesity are higher in the region than statewide averages and are leading to premature death. The high costs of treating chronic diseases place a large burden on both the healthcare system and individuals' finances. Where people live determines their exposure to risks and opportunities for healthy living. Understanding current health issues is important to addressing them through public policy changes.
This document summarizes a presentation on building resilient health systems for climate change. It discusses the need for frameworks to increase health system resilience. It provides background on key concepts like health, health systems, and environmental determinants of health. It then highlights research examples on how climate change impacts health through water and sanitation systems and vector-borne diseases. The presentation introduces a WHO framework with 10 components for resilient health systems and provides details on the health research and environmental health management components. It also discusses national climate change adaptation research plans, including Australia's plan for the health sector.
This document discusses various concepts and dimensions of global health. It begins by providing context on the rise of the term "global health" and some existing definitions. It then discusses key aspects of global health such as its history, current definitions, and whether it is primarily a concern of high-income countries. Some key points made include: the field is interdisciplinary and addresses health issues that transcend national boundaries; there are debates around distinguishing global health from related terms like public health and international health; and while disease burdens are highest in low/middle-income countries, most global health centers are located in high-income countries. The document advocates for a collaborative, transnational approach to research and action aimed at promoting health for all.
This document summarizes VicRoads' climate change risk assessment and adaptation strategies. It identifies the greatest risk as the impact of sea level rise on coastal assets in eastern Victoria, which could result in road overtopping and damage to pavements and bridges. While impacts are predicted across the Victorian coast, the effects are likely to be most significant in eastern regions. The assessment adopts a conservative climate change scenario, consistent with other Australian organizations, to project more significant climate impacts by 2030, 2070 and 2100. Adaptation strategies will need to consider asset lifespans and evolve as new climate projections and data emerge.
This document discusses successful adaptation to climate change. It addresses who makes adaptation decisions across different scales, from individuals to governments. There are three key dimensions to successful adaptation: reducing a system's sensitivity; altering its exposure; and increasing its resilience. However, defining success is complicated by potential externalities across spatial and temporal scales. Adaptation must be evaluated based on principles of equity, effectiveness, efficiency and legitimacy to promote sustainable action.
El documento describe la estructura y objetivos de varios regímenes y sistemas de seguridad social en Venezuela. El Sistema de Seguridad Social está compuesto de subsistemas como salud, pensiones y vivienda, y tiene como objetivo garantizar el derecho a la salud, pensiones y vivienda digna. La Superintendencia de Seguridad Social fiscaliza los recursos financieros de los regímenes, mientras que la Rectoría del Sistema establece políticas y coordina las entidades relacionadas con la seguridad social.
La participación de los usuarios en el blog del centro de información de la upcAndré Maguiña Ballón
Este documento presenta un estudio comparativo de la participación de los usuarios en el blog del Centro de Información de la UPC y en la red social Facebook de la universidad. El estudio encontró que los usuarios comentan poco en el blog (0.18 comentarios por publicación) pero más en Facebook (5.76 comentarios). Aunque la participación sigue siendo baja según los estándares, la sección más comentada en Facebook fue Mediateca. El documento concluye recomendando aumentar la frecuencia de publicaciones en el blog y generar contenidos que promuevan el debate.
Esta presentación trata acerca de una nueva fuente de energía que se está utilizando en varios países de todo el mundo, y que las personas se den cuenta de que no es malo, al contrario tiene muchas ventajas que valen la pena saberlas.
This document provides a toolkit to help Health and Wellbeing Boards in the UK adapt to climate change. It discusses the main health impacts of climate change, including increased heat-related illness, flooding, air pollution, and infectious diseases. Adaptation can have benefits across the health and social care system by reducing pressures on services and health inequalities. The impacts of climate change vary regionally in the UK. The toolkit is intended to help local boards understand climate risks in their area and incorporate adaptation measures into local strategies and plans.
This document summarizes California's public health sector plan for addressing climate change impacts. It discusses how climate change threatens public health through environmental changes like increased extreme heat and wildfires. These impacts disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. The plan aims to reduce health risks from climate change and increase resilience, with a focus on supporting vulnerable communities. Key strategies include improving emergency preparedness, understanding climate health impacts, sharing information, and promoting policies that provide health benefits while reducing greenhouse gases and increasing adaptive capacity. The plan emphasizes strengthening partnerships between state, local, and tribal organizations to develop evidence-based climate solutions.
climate change and health and the roles of physiciansChanggyo Yoon
This presentation quickly reviews the situation of Pacific countries with regard to climate change and how WHO uses the framework to help build climate resilient health systems with a focus on primary health care. After that, it proposes what actions can be taken by physicians who play very important roles in protecting patients from the health impact of climate change and addressing the importance of taking action towards climate change.
Actions such as the Clean Air Act and anti-smoking campaigns have significantly improved public health by reducing air pollution and exposure to secondhand smoke. The Clean Air Act led to a 54% decrease in six common air pollutants since 1980. Comprehensive smoke-free laws reducing exposure to secondhand smoke in workplaces and public places have been shown to decrease heart attack hospitalizations by 8-17% within a year of implementation. National, state, and local prevention initiatives establish regulations and programs that eliminate hazards, reduce exposures, and prevent disease.
This document provides an overview of the global health risks from climate change. It finds that continued high greenhouse gas emissions could cause global temperatures to rise 4°C by 2100, severely disrupting precipitation and extreme weather. This would result in an additional 250,000 deaths per year by 2030 from impacts on diseases like malnutrition, malaria and diarrhea. However, reducing emissions and implementing policies that improve health and address air pollution can limit warming to under 2°C, avoiding severe risks while also saving millions of lives per year from improved air quality. Coordinated global action is needed to transition to cleaner energy systems and implement measures that both mitigate climate change and have significant health benefits.
The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on Planetary Health: Safeguardin...The Rockefeller Foundation
The document summarizes the key findings of The Rockefeller Foundation–Lancet Commission on planetary health. It finds that:
1) While human health has greatly improved, this has come at the cost of degrading natural systems that support human civilization. Continued environmental damage threatens future health gains.
2) Challenges include conceptual failures to value nature, knowledge failures around environmental drivers of disease, and governance failures to recognize threats in a timely manner.
3) Solutions require new policies that balance social progress, sustainability, and economic growth, supported by improved governance and transdisciplinary research.
This document discusses building climate-resilient health systems. It notes that climate change undermines health determinants and increases disease and deaths. Those who contribute least to climate change often experience the most impacts. While some health facilities lack energy access, healthcare is now a significant carbon emitter. The document outlines 10 components for building climate-resilient health systems, including conducting vulnerability assessments, developing health adaptation plans, and accessing climate finance. About half of countries have climate change health strategies but few have funding to implement plans. Multilateral climate funds do not adequately prioritize health protection. The adaptation action coalition aims to strengthen health system resilience through vulnerability assessments and adaptation plans.
This document discusses climate change and its impacts on health. It begins by defining climate change and outlining some of its effects. It then explores several health impacts in more depth, including heat-related illness, impacts on water security and drought, insect-borne illnesses, respiratory disease, and mental health effects. The document also examines financial impacts and health disparities related to climate change. Finally, it discusses the nursing role in addressing climate change through education, research, advocacy, and care provision. Nurses have an obligation to help mitigate climate change impacts and prepare patients and communities.
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Environm...ijtsrd
Background Environmental health the branch of public health concerned with monitoring or mitigating those factors in the environment that affect human health and disease. Or other words the condition of the environment in a particular region, especially as regards ecological diversity or pollution. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess effectiveness of planned teaching programme on environmental health among the community people. Methodology The research approach adopted for this study is a Quantitative research approach. The research design was pre test and post test design. The pilot study was conducted at Rural Area Gandhi Nagar Bhopal. A Convenient sampling technique was used. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used to assessing the environmental Health. The final study was conducted with 50 sample in schools was given followed by post test after 7 days using the same pre test tools. The data collected was analyzed using inferential statistics. Results Indicated overall pre test and post test mean knowledge scores on environmental health. Depicted mean post test score 24.95 is higher than mean pre test score of 16.825. The actual gain knowledge score is 8.125 and post test SD =3.25, pre test SD=4.50 and computed paired t test 9.3235 p= 2.04 at the level of 0.05. Thus, data showed higher than the tabled value t test = 2.18 at the level of 0.05 thus indicated significant difference and effectiveness of planned teaching program, in increasing the knowledge of Community people regarding environmental health. The computed ”˜t’ value t=9.3235 was higher than the table value t=2.04 at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, the research hypothesis H1 was accepted. Conclusion The study concluded that planned teaching program was effective in increasing the knowledge score of Community people regarding environmental health. Ms. Sunita Singh | Mr. Mata Deen | Mrs. Malika Roy "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Environmental Health among the Community People in Selected Rural Area Gandhi Nagar Bhopal (M.P.)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50349.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/50349/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-environmental-health-among-the-community-people-in-selected-rural-area-gandhi-nagar-bhopal-mp/ms-sunita-singh
Climate change is exacerbating health issues and creating new ones. To adapt, the health sector must invest in infrastructure that is resilient to climate impacts like extreme weather. It must also strengthen disease surveillance and implement public health programs to prevent the spread of climate-sensitive illnesses. Community engagement is key, as local input ensures strategies meet each community's unique needs. Together, infrastructure upgrades, public health interventions, and community involvement can help protect health as the climate changes.
Health, Climate change & WHO - Final donorreport2011Nexomed
This document discusses the impacts of climate change on health, what has been done to address these impacts, and what still needs to be done. It outlines how climate change is affecting health through increased temperatures, extreme weather, air pollution, food and water insecurity. It discusses how the WHO and others have raised awareness, formed partnerships, and conducted research on these issues. However, more still needs to be done to strengthen health systems, policies and funding to protect populations from climate change impacts through essential public health interventions.
Managing the Health Effects of Global Warming
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This document discusses building climate-resilient health systems to adapt to climate change. It recommends modifying current health programs and policies based on historical climate hazards. More comprehensive, systems-oriented approaches are needed. Scenarios can test health systems' responses to extreme climate events beyond historical norms. Funding supports health adaptation projects in the Pacific. High priority measures include incorporating health safety into multi-sector adaptation and improving infrastructure, early warning systems, surveillance, and research.
Climate change threatens human health in the United States. This scientific assessment was developed to understand and inform decisions about this growing threat. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive estimate of observed and projected climate-related health impacts. Climate change is a significant threat to American health through multiple pathways, including increased deaths from heat and air pollution, worsening of diseases spread by insects and airborne allergens, and greater health risks during extreme weather events. Vulnerable populations face increased risks.
Climate change threatens human health in the United States. This scientific assessment was developed to understand and inform decisions about this growing threat. The purpose is to provide a comprehensive estimate of observed and projected climate-related health impacts. Climate change is projected to increase heat-related deaths and illnesses while decreasing cold-related deaths. It will also exacerbate ozone pollution, increase health impacts from wildfires and extreme weather, and alter the spread of vector-borne diseases.
Impact of StakeholdersAs with any intervention, stakeholders musMalikPinckney86
Impact of Stakeholders
As with any intervention, stakeholders must be considered. For population health programs and interventions, the stakeholder group is large. If you are providing care to an individual patient, you may only consider the needs of the patient, family, and healthcare team. In population health, stakeholders may include the city, state, and national governments, along with the population and community impacted. In population health programs and interventions the goal is achieve the "greatest good for the greatest number" (Bentham, 1996). The focus of population health is broad and the needs of all stakeholders must be considered.Primary Prevention
Primary prevention targets disease or disability prevention. These interventions focus on health promotion and address a universal population. Primary prevention interventions occur across settings, including healthcare organizations, school-based health clinics, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) clinics, social media, as well as private homes (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018). One example of a primary prevention intervention is a program to promote breastfeeding to reduce the occurrence of childhood obesity and comorbidities. Another example is vaccination programs to reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases.Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention focuses on identifying already occurring health problems or conditions prior to the onset of serious or long-term problems. These interventions address selected or targeted symptomatic populations. The objective of secondary prevention is early diagnosis and initial treatment or stabilization of disease in the early stages before it causes significant morbidity and mortality. These interventions can occur in all the some venues as primary interventions, as well as in emergency departments and retail-based clinics, such as Walgreen's (Moreland & Curran, 2018).Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary prevention aims to slow or stop the progression of disease. These interventions target individuals who are already diagnosed with a disease condition and work to restore function and reduce disease-related complications (Moreland & Curran, 2018).
The third level of prevention is tertiary prevention, which is the act of managing a disease after diagnosis. Let's return to Kevin to see how this level of prevention relates to him. During Kevin's colonoscopy, the provider discovered polyps. The polyps were removed. And the pathology report reveals cancer. Tertiary prevention is the process of intervention and treatment.
It involves managing the disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression. Kevin's story illustrates an example of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, including interventions for each level of prevention.
Latest evidence suggests that therapeutic intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease must be reconsidered as pathogenesis is now known to vary at different stages of the disease (Bu et al., 2016) ...
Unlocking the Climate Crisis: Explore urgent insights on climate change. Navigate through the latest data, impactful visuals, and innovative strategies to drive awareness and inspire positive change.
The document provides updates from the National Programme on Climate Change and Human Health (NPCCHH) in India. It summarizes that NPCCHH has completed two years and will now publish a quarterly newsletter to document progress. It then discusses World Environment Day 2021 activities organized by NPCCHH, including a webinar on ecosystem restoration and the role of the health sector. It also summarizes program review meetings with states and technical centers. Key activities discussed include state-level World Environment Day activities focused on tree planting and green initiatives, the release of reports on health care's climate footprint and guidance for climate-friendly hospitals, and surveillance data on air pollution and acute respiratory illnesses in Delhi.
8.1Determinants of Adaptive Capacity.pptxNeeraj Ojha
There is an international agency called Environmental Protection Agency EPA. EPA forms and implements regulations regarding making the environment better.
We are at present in a very critical state as far as the situation of global warming and receding snowcaps in the Antarctia. It has been found that there is a hole in the Ozone layer due to increasing level of pollution throughout the world.
The rising sea-levels are threatening the global community. Moreover, the increasing amount of garbages thrown into the seas is a major problem now for countries like Canada. How to manage this sort of problems is equally challenging in both the developed and underdeveloped nations.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
The Veteran & Seniors Expo will be held on October 14, 2016 from 8 AM to 2 PM at the Humble Civic Center located at 8223 Will Clayton Pkwy, Humble, TX 77338. Seniors and veterans are invited to attend the expo and can RSVP by calling 832-605-3645 or emailing deeleal@aol.com.
Mr. Tam Nguyen interned for seven months at the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. He showed strong academic ability and ambition by exceeding training requirements and successfully completing projects like a Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment and a white paper on methodology. His supervisor recommends him highly for another position, citing his dedication to education and community involvement.
This document is a shipper's export declaration form containing fields to provide information about an export shipment, including:
- Details about the U.S. principal party in interest exporting the goods and their address.
- Transportation and shipping details like date of export, port of export/unloading, carrier, and method of transportation.
- Information on the ultimate foreign consignee and country of destination.
- A description of the commodities being exported including quantity, value, and any required export licenses or authorizations.
- Certification by the exporter that the information provided is true and the exporter understands export laws and regulations.
This document lists 50 senior living communities in the Houston, Texas area including their addresses, phone numbers, and websites. It includes listings for Silverado Locations, Brookdale Locations, Belmont Village, Autumn Leaves of Riverstone, Loving Care Cottages, Elmcroft locations, Westbrae Court, The Forums at the Woodland, The Gardens of Bellaire, The Waterford at Deer Park, Enlivant, Pine Tree Assisted Living, Autumn Grove Cottages, and The Forum at Memorial Woods. Contact information is provided for each individual location.
Mr. Tam Nguyen interned for seven months at the Harris County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. He showed strong academic aptitude by exceeding training requirements and successfully completing projects like a Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment for Harris County and a white paper on conducting the assessment. His supervisor recommends him highly for another position, praising his drive for education and relationship with his family and community.
This document provides information about marketing an event in Freeport, TX including objectives, positioning, SWOT analysis, marketing mix, tools, strategies and budget. The event will take place in Freeport on unspecified dates and aims to effectively promote itself through increased marketing to local and national audiences using its website, media partnerships, and a promotional plan targeting key markets. A budget will allocate funds across design, print, distribution, advertising, research and other expenses.
Crowdfunding has helped over a million startups raise over $3.2 billion and is transforming business finance. By putting fundraising tools directly in entrepreneurs' hands, crowdfunding is expected to surpass $5.1 billion in 2013 and continue growing. While still early, several factors indicate crowdfunding will become a more attractive funding option for small businesses. The document then outlines various chapters on crowdfunding types (rewards, equity, donation), benefits, considerations, and examples of how to structure an effective crowdfunding campaign.
Archbishop Joseph A. Fiorenza Park is managed by Harris County Precinct Three, whose commissioner is Steve Radack. Radack has been commissioner since 1988 and has expanded the number of parks in Precinct Three from 10 to over 62, totaling around 15,000 acres of parkland. He has also improved infrastructure, transportation, and quality of life for the precinct's residents.
The Ibn Sina Foundation was established in 2001 by local healthcare professionals to address the growing gap between healthcare needs and availability of services for underserved families. Its mission is to provide integrated preventative and primary care through clinical services and health education to improve quality of life. The foundation operates several community health centers offering free or low-cost primary care, cancer screenings, immunizations for children, and programs for diabetes prevention and community outreach.
LIFE SAVERS ER - Marketing Strategy PlanTam Nguyen
Life Savers ER is a free-standing emergency room located in Houston, Texas. It has state-of-the-art equipment like X-rays, CT scanners, and ultrasounds. Unlike hospital ERs which have long wait times, Life Savers ER has a no wait policy. It is staffed by board certified physicians, nurses, and a pharmacy to treat various medical conditions from injuries to infections. The facility aims to provide fast, affordable, and high-quality emergency care for both adults and children.
Tam Nguyen invites Chief Boyle to the Congressional Ceremony Award event on December 20th from 1-4 PM. The event will honor heroes from the military, police, firefighters, and EMTs with a certificate from Congresswomen Jackson Lee, Sanchez and their staff. Attendees are asked to donate an unwrapped $15 toy or cash for Toys for Tots. The ceremony and toy drive will be held at TAPS: House of Beer in Houston.
This document provides marketing information for companies called Thrive & MPower in the 77077 area code of Houston, Texas in 2015-2016. It includes a table of contents and sections on company services, types of marketing, area information on marketing firms and public/private schools, and reviews of the local market and target customers. The overall goal is to help Thrive & MPower create an effective marketing strategy and budget for the local area.
This document lists over 200 street names in and around Houston, Texas. Some of the major streets mentioned include TC Jester, Bellaire Blvd, Westheimer Rd, Gessner Rd, Bissonnet St, Kirby Dr, Fondren Rd, and Westpark Tollway. A wide range of street types are listed from major thoroughfares to small residential roads across various Houston neighborhoods.
Theta Staffing Solutions LLC is throwing a community event on December 24, 2015 in the Acres Homes area of Houston to provide free food, hygiene packages, and toys to low income citizens. They are requesting Blake McMullin of Melange Catering & Special Events sponsor the event, which needs $3,000 total. Sponsorship levels include $250 for name/logo recognition and a speaking spot, $100 for name on materials, or $50 for name/logo on materials. The budget breakdown includes $800 for food, $100 for drinks, $100 for security, $2,000 for hygiene packages, and $100 for ziplock bags.
Non-profit organizations use profits to advance their programs rather than distribute to owners, and fall into categories like trade associations, charities, social clubs, government groups, and political groups. Forming a non-profit requires filing articles of incorporation and bylaws with the state, as well as an IRS application for tax exemption which has various fees depending on the type of determination required. This document provides information on the legal requirements and process for establishing a non-profit organization in Texas.
City and Harris County Resource Guide for VETTam Nguyen
The document is a welcome letter for returning veterans and their families. It introduces a resource booklet and websites to help veterans transition back into their communities and access services like healthcare, education, employment assistance, and more. The letter thanks veterans for their service and expresses a commitment from national, state, and local partners to support veterans' recovery and rehabilitation.
This document provides an overview and definitions of technical assistance available to small businesses in Houston, Texas. It discusses categories of assistance like educational, mentoring, nonprofit assistance, counseling, training, incubation and support, and membership and networking. Under each category, several local providers are listed along with brief descriptions of their services. The document provides guidance on evaluating technical assistance providers and discusses whether they will prepare a full business plan or provide other types of support.
The document provides information about the role and requirements for pharmacy technicians in Texas. It describes pharmacy technicians as individuals who work under the supervision of pharmacists to prepare and distribute drugs. Their main duties include filling prescriptions, assisting customers, and clerical tasks. To become a pharmacy technician trainee, one must be enrolled in an ASHP-accredited program and pass a certification exam within two years. To be a certified pharmacy technician, one must have a high school diploma, pass the PTCB exam, and register with the Texas State Board of Pharmacy. The career outlook is strong with an expected 31% increase in jobs by 2016 due to an aging population and increased medication use.
Students are expected to attend all classes and contact instructors if they must be absent. Students missing the first three days of class will be dropped from the roster. The student code of conduct prohibits disruptive behaviors like eating in class, cell phone use, monopolizing discussions, and disrespecting other students. Instructors can remove students from class for disruptive behaviors. Laptop and mobile device use is at the instructor's discretion, and devices should not be used for messaging, games, or other non-class activities unless permitted. Mobile phones must be silenced and only used outside of class unless an instructor grants an exception. Electronic devices cannot be used for academic dishonesty or illegal activities.
The summary provides an overview of the Houston Police Department's basic police officer training program:
The six-month training program at the Houston Police Department Academy prepares cadets for a career in law enforcement through rigorous academic and physical training. Cadets receive a salary while attending the academy daily, but do not live on site. Upon graduation, all new officers complete a six-month probationary period that includes 12-16 weeks of field training. A police officer's first duty assignment is typically as a patrol officer.
2. ADAPTATION: The adjustment in natural or human systems
to a new or changing environment that exploits beneficial
opportunities or moderates negative effects.1
CLIMATE CHANGE: Any significant change in the measures
of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other
words, climate change includes major changes in temperature,
precipitation, wind patterns, or other weather-related effects
that occur over several decades or longer.2
CLIMATE AND HEALTH ADAPTATION: Steps taken to protect
people and communities from the health risks associated with a
changing climate.
1
United States Global change research Program
2
U.S. Environmental Protection agency
3. 1
WhyAdaptation?
Many factors affect communities; however, few are as far-reaching as the environment. A
healthy environment is vital to building a healthy community. Yet protecting public health is
more than preserving environmental resources like clean air and water. Protecting public
health requires equipping communities with the knowledge and resources to successfully
adapt to environmental changes and weather events. In the face of climate change,
adaptation skills are needed now more than ever.
In 2014, the third National Climate Assessment clearly described climate change as a threat to human health
and well-being. Climate change is predicted to result in more extreme heat events, more frequent and violent
weather disasters, decreased air quality and more insect-related disease. And, the Assessment states that some of
the health impacts of climate change are already happening in the United States. Health effects related to climate
will worsen existing health problems as well as introduce new and serious risks to the public’s health.
However, we are far from defenseless.Work is well underway to find new, low-cost and creative ways to adapt to
the challenges of climate change, and protect our communities from related disease and injury. Leading such
work is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Climate and Health Program, as well as a handful
of pioneering state and local public health departments across the country. Adapting to climate change will
require collaborative action on a large scale and across many different sectors. Public health professionals are
perfectly suited to this task.The field has a long and successful history of bringing together diverse stakeholders
to improve public health, well-being and resiliency.
To guide the nation’s public health workforce in preparing for climate change, CDC has developed a unique
framework known as BRACE, or Building Resilience Against Climate Effects. BRACE is a process that allows
public health departments to put complex atmospheric science and climate projections into their planning and
response activities.
BRACE’s five steps are: 1) forecasting climate impacts and assessing vulnerabilities; 2) projecting the future rates
of disease and injury; 3) assessing and identifying suitable health interventions; 4) creating and implementing
climate and health adaptation plans; and 5) evaluating the impact and continually improving the quality of
adaptation activities. By following the BRACE framework, public health practitioners are better
equipped to plan customized actions that will protect the communities they serve (see graphic for more on the
five steps of the BRACE Framework).
4. 2
The BRACE framework:
STEP 1:
Forecasting
Climate Impacts
and Assessing
Vulnerabilities
Identify the scope
of the most likely
climate impacts,
the potential health
outcomes, and the
populations and
locations most
vulnerable.
STEP 2:
Projecting the
Disease Burden
Use tools to
estimate the burden
of health outcomes
due to climate
change to support
prioritization and
decision-making
for adaptation
planning.
STEP 3:
Assessing
Public Health
Interventions
Identify the health
interventions
most suitable to
address the health
outcomes of
greatest concern.
Our nation’s public health workforce is uniquely
positioned for this task,as it already has a deep
understanding of the intersections between
human health and a changing environment.
However,for most health departments the
science of climate change and its translation
into effective public health practice and response
are new territories that call for more expanded
capacity and planning.
This work is vital. Our ability to successfully
adapt to a changing climate and fend off
preventable disease and injury will save lives and
save money. Ultimately,healthier people today
equal a healthier,more vibrant future for all.
STEP 4:
Developing and
Implementing
a Climate
and Health
Adaptation Plan
Develop plans that
address health
outcomes, gaps
in critical public
health functions/
services, and
enhance local
adaptive capacity.
STEP 5:
Evaluating
Impact and
Improving
Quality of
Activities
Evaluate the
interventions
used and
incorporate new
inputs to ensure
continuous quality
improvement.
Forecasting
Climate Impacts
and Assessing
Vulnerabilities
BRACE
1
2
34
5 Projecting
the Disease
Burden
Assessing
Public Health
Interventions
Developing
and Implementing
a Climate and
Health Adaptation
Plan
Evaluating
Impact and
Improving Quality
of Activities
CDC’s Climate and Health
Program developed a
five-step framework to help
public health agencies
develop climate change
adaptation plans.
BRACE
We need to adapt for a healthier today and tomorrow.
5. 3
The Need ForAdaptation
Climate change is the result of rising levels of heat-trapping emissions from natural sources and human
activity.These emissions are also known as greenhouse gases.These gases form a blanket around the Earth,
trapping in heat and disrupting our climate. As the Earth experiences more rapid and intense warming, the
planet will also experience more severe and frequent weather events.These events not only impact the shape of
our physical landscapes — such as rising sea levels and melting glaciers — but our economy, our security and
our health.
Worldwide, scientists and climatologists agree that the planet is warming
and the climate is changing. Preparing today for the health effects of climate
change will save lives, prevent injury and save millions in future health care
costs. For example, one study
3
calculated at $14 billion the cost of premature
death and illness related to six events — pollution, heat waves, flooding,
hurricanes, wildfires and mosquito-borne disease — that are expected to
worsen due to climate change.
Below is a brief overview of health threats related to climate change, and
the role public health professionals — with the help of BRACE — play in
“Public health actions, especially
preparedness and prevention, can
do much to protect people from
some of the impacts of climate
change. Early action provides the
largest health benefits. as threats
increase, our ability to adapt to
future changes may be limited.”
Third National Climate
Assessment, U.S. Global
Change Research Program
protecting public health. Some of the public health responses build on traditional public health activities.
However, with support and funding from CDC’s Climate and Health Program, which began in 2009, many
public health departments are now more efficiently using their existing capacity to better anticipate climate-
related health threats. Public health departments are also incorporating this emerging information into longer-
term planning efforts and adaptations that are specifically suited to their needs.
In addition to preparing for the direct health consequences of climate change, many adaptation activities offer
other health benefits as well, or co-benefits. For instance, designing neighborhoods to reduce reliance on motor
vehicles also lowers vehicle emissions that aggravate respiratory illness and contribute to climate change. Also,
these neighborhoods inherit safer places to walk, bike and engage in regular physical activity.
Today, thanks to CDC’s Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative, 16 states and two cities are pioneering the use
of the BRACE framework to lead their climate and health adaptation efforts.These efforts, while still young, are
already making real progress.
3
Natural resources Defense council: www.nrdc.org/health/accountingforcosts/files/accountingcosts.pdf
6. 4
Health
Threats
Let’s take a look at some of the health
threats from climate change and the
public health responses that address
them through climate and health
adaptation.
CDC’S CLIMATE AND HEALTH PROGRAM DEVELOPED THIS GRAPHIC
SHOWING 9 WAYS CLIMATE CHANGE AFFECTS HUMAN HEALTH
HEALTH IMPACT > More rainfall and flooding can overwhelm local sewage and drainage
systems and increase the risk of drinking water contamination. heavier rains also up the risk of
recreational water contamination. Each increases the threat of water-borne illnesses. conversely,
some parts of the country will experience more severe droughts and restricted water use, which
can spur some diseases.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE > Monitor and test drinking and recreational water quality
for harmful contaminants; monitor the effect of water contamination on agricultural products
that may lead to food-borne illness; track disease rates to help protect communities from
disease risks; educate and notify the public about water-borne illness hazards; engage with
local officials and planners to develop long-term community design solutions that prevent water
contamination.
HEALTH IMPACT > Warmer temperatures and greater rainfall create the ideal conditions for
the spread of vector-borne diseases, which are transmitted by animals such as mosquitoes and
ticks. research finds that as temperature and rainfall change, vectors such as ticks are able to
expand their territories and introduce disease risks to new regions.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE > Monitor the spread and incidence of vector-borne
disease; partner with local officials, such as mosquito control program officers, to predict and
pinpoint possible hot spots and protect public health; raise public awareness about the emerging
threat of vector-borne disease and educate residents on ways to protect their health and prevent
infection; educate local health care providers on how to recognize the early signs of vector-borne
disease.
habitats
supporting
disease
heavier
rainfall &
flooding
7. 5
HEALTH IMPACT > hotter temperatures raise the risk of serious heat-related illnesses,
such as dehydration and heat stroke. The risk is especially high among already vulnerable
populations, such as children and the elderly, and in regions not used to extreme heat. Extreme
heat also aggravates respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE > conduct surveillance and gather data on populations
and neighborhoods with low capacity and few resources to adapt to extreme heat conditions;
develop a heat response plan; partner with local organizations and agencies serving vulnerable
residents to provide heat adaptation education and assistance by designating cooling centers;
and engage with local officials and planners on long-term community design solutions that
mitigate heat effects.
disasters HEALTH IMPACT > climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of
natural disasters, such as hurricanes, floods, landslides, wildfires and heat waves. Such events
come with numerous health risks, including injury and death as well as disease related to food
and water contamination and poor sanitation. People who experience severe weather disasters
may also suffer from mental health illnesses or stress-related disorders.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE > Identify vulnerable systems and communities in order to
undertake activities to “harden” these systems and prepare measures to mitigate harm in the
event of disaster.
extreme
heat
poor air
quality
HEALTH IMPACT > Warmer temperatures increase the concentration of allergens, such
as pollen, as well as ground-level pollutants, such as ozone. These changes can aggravate
allergies and increase the risk of respiratory and asthma complications and are linked to poor
cardiovascular outcomes. In addition, energy demands stemming from more extreme heat will
likely increase dangerous air pollutants.
PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE > Monitor local air quality; conduct surveillance and gather
data on populations particularly vulnerable to the health effects of poor air quality and with
few resources to adapt to such conditions and prevent health complications; partner with local
organizations and agencies to educate residents about air quality and empower them with
the knowledge to protect their health; engage with local officials and planners on long-term
community design solutions that mitigate air pollution and which often provide co-benefits for
overall public health.
8. Adaptation inAction
Success stories from public health departments
The following snapshots highlight grantee work through CDC’s Climate-Ready States
and Cities Initiative or CRSCI. These narratives are not meant to be a full report of all
grantee climate adaptation activities.
9. 7
MINNESOTA:
Adapting to the
New Normal
“The difficulties we’re currently experiencing are only going to
get much worse, and we need to start preparing now. Climate
change is going to become such a huge, overarching issue —
there will be nothing that won’t be affected by climate change
in the future. We’ve spent a lot of time on education because
awareness is the first step, and then we can work toward
community and behavioral change.”
Kristin Raab
DIrEcTOr, MINNESOTa cLIMaTE aND hEaLTh PrOGraM, MINNESOTa DEParTMENT OF hEaLTh
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Minnesota has already observed three main climate
changes: increases in temperatures and extreme
heat events, increases in humidity and more extreme
rainfalls.
• Minnesota is the third fastest warming state,
unfortunately, many of its residents are not used to
such heat and are ill-equipped to adapt to higher
temperatures.
• Data from 2000 through 2011 show that higher summer
temperatures coincide with higher rates of hospital
admissions and emergency department visits.The
summers of 2001 and 2011, which clocked higher-than
average temperatures, had the highest rates of hospital
admissions and emergency visits for heat-related illness.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• The Minnesota Climate and Health Program
developed an Extreme HeatToolkit to guide local
health jurisdictions in responding to heat events.The
toolkit offers education on warming temperatures
in Minnesota, ways to adapt to extreme heat, how to
partner with local organizations, and much more.
When the toolkit was released in spring 2012, only two
Minnesota communities had extreme heat response
plans. A year later, four more local public health
departments had put a plan on the books.
• The Minnesota Climate and Health Program provides
technical assistance and GIS mapping for local health
officials to identify vulnerable communities and
high-risk neighborhoods. For example, staff have
electronically mapped vulnerable populations along
with resources, such as locations where residents can
go to cool off, for seven communities that include both
rural and urban counties.The maps are tailored to local
needs so local health officials can use them in public
advisory and education efforts.
• The Minnesota program has developed a series of
training modules related to climate change for public
health professionals in local health departments.The
in-person and online presentations cover a range of
topics, including Climate Change and Public Health
101, extreme heat, water quality and quantity, air quality,
agriculture and food security, and mental health.
• Part of adapting to climate change means assessing
the built environment — the manmade structures that
make up a community.The Minnesota Climate and
Health Program is educating local planning officials on
the need to consider the health impacts of building and
zoning decisions. For example, staff reviewed more than
50 land-use plans from around theTwin Cities region
for health and climate change issues. As a result, they
developed training materials to help planning officials
consider people’s health, both now and in the future, in
their day-to-day work.
• The Minnesota Climate and Health Program published
the first statewide climate change vulnerability report
for five climate hazards: extreme heat events, air
pollution, vector-borne diseases, flooding and flash
flooding, and drought.The report reviewed and mapped
the recent occurrence of the climate hazards and the
populations vulnerable to the hazards. Next steps
include helping local public health departments and
emergency managers with the development of their own
local vulnerability assessments.
To learn more about the Minnesota climate and health Program,
visit www.health.state.mn.us/divs/climatechange.
10. SAN FRANCISCO:
Bringing
Health To
The Forefront
“Climate change has very serious health implications for our
present and future generations, and local health departments
are the first line of defense in confronting this issue. Public
health really does have a special role to play.”
Cyndy Comerford
MaNaGEr, PLaNNING aND FIScaL POLIcY, ENVIrONMENTaL hEaLTh BraNch,
SaN FraNcIScO DEParTMENT OF PUBLIc hEaLTh
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• According to climate models, San Francisco will
experience nearly 40 extreme heat events annually by
2050 and more than 100 annually by 2100.
• San Francisco’s traditionally temperate weather means
many residents, and especially vulnerable populations,
such as the elderly and homeless, are not prepared to
cope with extreme heat.
• A review of weather and medical data from the previous
decade in San Francisco found that hospitalizations and
emergency department visits increase alongside outdoor
temperatures, revealing a link between heat and illness.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• The San Francisco Climate and Health Program
embarked on its very first heat vulnerability index
to pinpoint neighborhoods most susceptible to the
health effects of extreme heat. Staff analyzed surface
temperature data alongside 21 social and environmental
vulnerabilities, such as social isolation and tree
density.The resulting map found that neighborhoods
that already suffer from poor health were also most
vulnerable to heat.Today, the index is being used in
a variety of adaptation efforts such as guiding where
to designate cooling centers and where to conduct
education and outreach efforts. Other local agencies are
using the index, too. For example, city planners use the
index to determine where more trees should be planted
to offer shade and boost cooling effects.
• To better understand health hazards associated with
climate change, the program is developing indicators
to measure resilience to climate change. Indicators
have been divided into eight sections. Examples
include: environment, such as trees and air quality;
health outcomes, such as preventable hospitalizations;
housing, such as households with a person living alone;
adaptation, such as determining whether residents
can access cooling centers; and community, such as
measures of social connectedness.
• Thanks to funding through CRSCI, San Francisco
created its first extreme heat response plan. Public
health staff worked with emergency management staff
to develop a HeatWave Disaster Response Plan, which is
an official annex to the city’s Emergency Operation Plan.
The heat wave plan includes issuing public advisories,
notifying hospitals and health care facilities, and
connecting with groups that assist vulnerable residents,
such as elderly residents.
• Public health staff created a report on the health co
benefits of climate action and shared it with community
and government stakeholders.The report explained
how climate planning and mitigation could help narrow
existing health disparities and improve overall health.
For example, reducing vehicle emissions can reduce
asthma complications and the emissions that cause
climate change.
• The culmination of the Climate and Health Program’s
work highlights the fact that every agency has a
role in improving health.The program also grows
interdepartmental coordination and collaboration to
address adaptation risks and build resiliency.
To learn more about the San Francisco climate and health Program,
visit www.sfphes.org/elements/climate.
11. 9
MAINE:
Tracking New
Disease Risks
“For the first time in public health, we can really be focused
on the impact of climate on health and the potential
strategies for dealing with those impacts. It really is a
fundamental change — we’re thinking about climate
change as a public health issue, and that’s a very different
thought process than what we’ve been engaged in before.”
Andrew Smith
STaTE TOXIcOLOGIST aND DIrEcTOr OF ThE ENVIrONMENTaL aND OccUPaTIONaL hEaLTh
PrOGraM, MaINE cENTEr FOr DISEaSE cONTrOL aND PrEVENTION
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Climate change is making the state more hospitable to
ticks that transmit Lyme disease. Surveillance shows
such ticks are expanding their geographic territory in
Maine, and every year cases of Lyme disease are going
up, increasing from about a dozen cases 20 years ago to
more than 1,100 in 2012.
• Data show that the rate of warming in Maine is on the
rise. Climate models predict Maine will experience
warmer and wetter conditions throughout most of the
year during the 21st century.
• Warmer temperatures are expected to result in more
heat-related illness, especially as Maine’s population is
not accustomed to extreme heat. Already, data show a
link between very hot days and increases in heat-related
hospitalizations and emergency department admissions.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• Maine public health workers have a syndromic
surveillance system for tracking extreme heat and
gaining a better understanding of heat-related
vulnerability.The change means the Maine Climate and
Health Program can more effectively target prevention
education to those who need it most. For example, staff
learned that only about half of Maine homes have air
conditioning, with older residents less likely to have
cooling systems in their homes.
• The program is working with the University of Maine
Climate Change Institute to develop fine-scale climate
models specific to Maine. Such modeling helps
public health workers predict disease rates, assess
vulnerabilities and target resources. For example, the
regional models predict extreme rainfall, which can
help public health workers prepare for floods and their
impact on drinking water.The regional models also
provide data for local response planning.
• All response is local. In turn, state health workers
identified counties in particular need of heat response
plans — something most of Maine’s health jurisdictions
don’t have. Program staff began working with health
officials in Cumberland County, where heat had already
been tapped as a priority health issue. As of 2013, work
was underway to develop a localized heat response
plan, with the hope that it will eventually be used as a
template for other local health jurisdictions.
• Thanks to CDC support, Maine strengthened its ability
to monitor vector-borne disease and especially tick-
borne Lyme disease. Armed with data showing that
Lyme disease is increasing and the risk for infection is
spreading to new communities, public health workers
are educating health care providers and paving the way
for quicker reporting of disease incidence. State health
workers are also hosting community forums to teach
residents and health professionals about preventing and
controlling the risk of Lyme disease.
To learn more about the Maine climate and health Program,
visit www.maine.gov/dhhs/mecdc/environmental-health/eohp/climatechange.
12. 4
ARIZONA:
Readying for
Extremes
“Arizona is a beautiful place to live, where extreme
heat, drought, monsoons and dust storms are the
norm. Our program helps residents learn to respect
and adapt to these extremes.”
Matthew Roach
ENVIrONMENTaL EPIDEMIOLOGIST, EXTrEME WEaThEr aND PUBLIc hEaLTh
PrOGraM, arIZONa DEParTMENT OF hEaLTh SErVIcES
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Extreme heat is the nation’s number-one weather-
related cause of death, and Arizona is home to some of
the country’s hottest communities. From 2000 through
2012, 1,500 heat-related deaths occurred in Arizona.
About 500 heat-related inpatient admission visits and
2,000 emergency department visits happen in Arizona
every year.
• Arizona has a primarily arid climate; however, during
the monsoon season of June-September, flooding is a
real danger in the state.
• Persistent drought conditions and high temperatures
have contributed to an increase in the amount of
wildfires occurring and acres burned. Arid conditions
also contribute to frequent dust storms that can cause
motor vehicle accidents and worsen respiratory illnesses.
• Arizona is experiencing an increase in the number and
extent of extreme heat days. In fact, research conducted
in the aftermath of an Arizona heat wave found that
every 1-degree increase in temperature was associated
with a 6 percent increase in mortality risk.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• The Arizona ExtremeWeather and Public Health
Program conducted a department-wide assessment
to measure the agency’s overall capacity to monitor
climate and health effects and to pinpoint gaps. Staff
also reached out to local public health departments
with the same assessment, which covered topics such
as assessments, outreach and education, and policy
development.The results will eventually be used to
shape an extreme weather action plan.
• The Arizona program is boosting public health’s
capacity to partner across sectors and reach as many
residents as possible. For example, in the spring of
2013, health officials convened the first statewide heat
preparedness meeting to exchange information and best
practices. Participants included decision-makers from
federal, state and local government agencies, universities
and non-profits. Public health staff also partner with
all four of the state’s NationalWeather Service offices
— each of which use different criteria to issue heat
warnings — to update the state’s heat response plan. In
an example of community-level action, public health
staff are partnering with the state OSHA office to
educate workers and employers on heat safety.
• The Arizona program piloted a heat emergency
communication plan that has since become agency
protocol.The communication plan simultaneously
sends NationalWeather Service heat warnings and
related health protection messaging to health care
facilities, schools and the general public via email and
social media.
• Public health staff developed heat safety toolkits
targeted at two populations particularly susceptible to
heat illness: children and older adults. Another toolkit
is planned for residents who work outdoors.The Heat
Illness Prevention School Project toolkit was distributed
to schools throughout the state to educate students,
school staff, coaches and parents on preventing heat-
related illness.
• Because of the program’s preparedness efforts, safety
information was available on Arizona’s top climate
impacts, allowing residents to adapt and respond to
record flooding in September 2014 and deadly wildfires
in the summer of 2013.
To learn more about the arizona Extreme Weather and Public health Program,
visit www.azdhs.gov/phs/oeh/heat.
13. 11
NEW YORK CITY:
Creating Resilient
Communities
“The events of the past few years show the serious public health
threats New York City’s 8.2 million residents already face from
extreme weather events like heat waves and coastal storms.
With climate change, the severity of these risks will increase. It
is imperative that citywide climate adaptation and mitigation
measures include health-focused strategies.”
Andriana Azarias
acTING DIrEcTOr, cLIMaTE aND hEaLTh PrOGraM,
NEW YOrK cITY DEParTMENT OF hEaLTh aND MENTaL hYGIENE
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Average summer temperatures in NewYork City are
increasing, and more heat waves are predicted for the
future, which increases the risk of heat-related deaths
and illness among vulnerable populations.
• Hotter temperatures coupled with poor air quality may
lead to increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular
and respiratory problems.
• Flooding from coastal storms is projected to increase
in frequency and severity and can result in more power
outages and home displacements.
• Power outages, from coastal storms or increased
demand on the electrical grid during hot weather, can
lead to a variety of health and safety hazards, including
food and drinking water contamination and heat illness.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• The Climate and Health Program has conducted health
risk assessments on rising summer temperatures,
extreme heat and ground-level ozone, and coastal storm
flooding and power outages to help inform citywide
climate adaptation planning and improve public health
resilience.
• Focus groups and a heat-health behavior survey
conducted by the Climate and Health Program found
that while many NewYork City residents are aware of
heat warnings, they do not always think they are at risk.
About half of heat-vulnerable people surveyed reported
staying home during very hot weather even if they could
not stay cool.These findings led to improved heat
safety messaging and the creation of the“Be a Buddy”
campaign.
• Public health staff are working with partner agencies
and social service providers to strengthen outreach
networks and protect vulnerable populations.
• The Climate and Health Program is enhancing the
Health Department’s surveillance capacity to better
predict and prepare for future climate emergencies.
As an example, surveillance activities were conducted
during widespread utility and power outages following
Superstorm Sandy to track cold-related illnesses in near-
real time and better target health and safety messaging.
To learn more about New York city’s climate and health Program
visit www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/environmental/climate.shtml.
14. MICHIGAN:
Responding to
Local Needs
“Climate change is a global and national issue, but its impacts
are felt at the local level, affecting the health and well-being of
people in every community. Public health needs to engage with
community partners, emergency response and citizen groups
to advocate for the protection of the vulnerable and to promote
tools and adaptations that make our communities healthy,
resilient and desirable places to live and work.”
Lorraine Cameron
MaNaGEr, EPIDEMIOLOGY aND SUrVEILLaNcE SEcTION, DIVISION OF ENVIrONMENTaL hEaLTh,
MIchIGaN DEParTMENT OF cOMMUNITY hEaLTh
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Extreme heat events are associated with increased
health care use. During April-August 2013, Michigan
health officials recorded more than 4,500 heat-related
emergency department visits.
• During a 2013 heat wave in Michigan, dehydration
complaints increased nearly 80 percent, sun-associated
complaints (i.e. sun burn, sun poisoning or sunscreen
reactions) rose by nearly 127 percent and heat-associated
complaints (i.e. heat exhaustion, heat stroke or heat
reaction) went up 900 percent.
• In Detroit alone, climate models predict the city will
experience 30 to 50 days per year of 90 degrees or hotter
and 25 to 50 days with temperatures above 97 degrees.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• Thanks to CDC support, the Michigan Climate and
Health Adaptation Program is improving state and
local capacity to conduct climate change-related health
impact assessments (HIA). An HIA is a process that
helps evaluate the potential health effects of a plan,
project or policy before it is built or implemented.4
Such assessments help public health officials more
effectively protect people’s health. As of 2013, the
program had funded two local assessment projects:
one in East Lansing and another in Grand Rapids. In
East Lansing, local public health officials assessed and
offered recommendations to enhance nonmotorized
transportation improvements, which can help reduce
the emissions that cause climate change.These
recommendations also offer safe opportunities for
physical activity and reducing pedestrian and bicyclist
injuries. In Grand Rapids, local health officials assessed
a major traffic corridor undergoing redevelopment.The
recommendations from the assessment are helping city
planners to better consider the health impacts of these
activities.
• The program is involved in the Detroit Climate
Action Collaborative, which works to ensure that the
city’s climate action plan protects and benefits all
residents. Among its many activities, the collaborative is
partnering with the Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and
Assessments Center to develop Detroit-specific climate
projections.The collaborative is also working with the
University of Michigan College of Architecture and
Urban Planning to assess the characteristics of climate
vulnerable neighborhoods.
• The program works with academic and private sectors
to translate research into practice. For example,
health officials helped pilot a tool called I-HEAT,
which involves the spatial mapping of heat and
social vulnerabilities. Health officials also helped
pilot a dynamic heat model developed by researchers
at Michigan State University.The model considers
heat-related social and behavioral factors, such as what
prevents or motivates residents from going to cooling
centers.
• To tailor adaptations to community needs, the program
funded two local health departments to assess residents’
heat readiness. Altogether, more than 3,000 surveys were
conducted, and the results are already shaping local
response and outreach efforts. For example, in Ingham
County, health officials learned that local food banks
were an ideal venue to reach vulnerable residents with
cooling center information.
To learn more about the Michigan climate and health adaptation Program,
visit www.michigan.gov/mdch.
4
US centers for Disease control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/hia.htm
15. 13
CALIFORNIA:
Integrating Climate
Change Into Everyday
Public Health
“Public health officials recognize that climate change
represents the biggest threat to public health in this
century, and so we see addressing climate change as
part of our mission to enhance and protect the health
of the people of California.”
Neil Maizlish
EPIDEMIOLOGIST aND BracE PrINcIPaL INVESTIGaTOr,
caLIFOrNIa DEParTMENT OF PUBLIc hEaLTh
THE THREAT TO HEALTH:
• Based on climate models, California is expected to
experience more frequent extreme heat events as well
as warmer temperatures overall. For example, models
predict an increase in July average temperatures of up
to 5 degrees by the 2050s and up to 10 degrees in many
California regions by the end of the century. Residents
in traditionally cooler areas may be particularly
vulnerable to extreme heat. During California’s 2006
heat wave, a greater increase in heat-related emergency
department visits and hospitalizations was reported in
cooler, coastal communities.
• Climate change is expected to increase the number
of days in California with poor air quality, which will
impact the health of residents living with respiratory
and other chronic diseases.
• California public health workers are particularly
concerned about the indirect effects of climate change.
For example, knowing that income is associated with
health status, warmer temperatures could force some
residents to divert income to higher energy and food
costs.
ADAPTATION IN ACTION:
• To fully leverage funding to strengthen local capacity,
the California Department of Public Health’s Climate
and Health Program is taking a regional approach
to climate change planning.The state program is
partnering closely with local health departments within
each of California’s 10 climate regions and offering
assistance with a variety of adaptation endeavors, such
as conducting health risk and vulnerability assessments.
Given the resource constraints of many local public
health agencies, many will not be able to create a
position solely dedicated to climate change planning.
As such, a main goal of the state effort is helping local
public health agencies integrate climate change-related
work into already existing programs and activities.
• In addition to building local public health capacity
around climate change, the program is partnering
across sectors and with regional climate change efforts,
ensuring public health considerations are taken into
account. For example, the state program is a partner
in the BayArea Climate & Energy Resilience Project,
a collaboration of more than 100 public, private and
nonprofit stakeholders in the San Francisco Bay
Area. Another example is new extreme heat guidance
for governmental organizations that the California
Department of Public Health developed in partnership
with the California Environmental Protection Agency
and other state agencies.
• The California Climate and Health Program is
providing education and training to fellow health
department staff to help them connect the dots between
their programmatic focus and the impacts of climate
change. Nearly all areas of public health will be affected
by climate change, and all agency divisions have a role in
adaptation and planning.
To learn more about the california climate and health Program,
visit www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/CCDPHP/Pages/ClimateChange.aspx.
16. 14
A Call for Continued
Adaptation
The scientific consensus is clear: climate change is happening.What is also clear: the environmental
consequences associated with climate change pose serious threats to human health. As such, CDC’s
Climate and Health Program is a natural extension of the agency’s mission to protect the public’s health by
safeguarding the nation against preventable disease, disability and mortality. In facing health threats, CDC
depends on its state and local partners to tailor efforts to meet the unique needs of diverse communities.
CDC’s Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative is a vital part of preparing the nation for climate change.
To learn more about climate change and human health,
visit www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth.
800 I Street, N.W. | Washington, Dc | 20001-3710 | www.apha.org
This document was funded through cooperative agreement U38OT000131 between the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention and the American Public Health Association.The contents of this documents are solely the responsibility of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the American Public Health Association or the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention.