Ad fraud involves scammers fooling advertisers into paying for worthless impressions, clicks, or leads. There are many types of ad fraud techniques, including fake traffic generation, click injection, and hiding ads. One case study describes how a website suddenly generated 10x traffic while maintaining the same click-through rate, tricking ad exchanges into paying higher prices. Methbot was a major Russian botnet that generated $3-5 million per day through fraudulent ad views, using techniques like faking screen interactions and input simulations.