Accelerating Good Decisions: Kanban for Distributed Cognition - INDEX

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My presentation from IBM's INDEX Conference in Feb 2018. Discusses Distributed Cognition in Kanban systems and also in the U.S. Navy's Combat Information Center (CIC) in 1942.

Software

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Accelerating Good
Decisions: Kanban for
Distributed Cognition
Trent Hone

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Trent Hone
• Agile Coach with Excella
• 20+ years development
experience
• Award-Winning Historian
• Complexity Theorist

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Kanban Systems
Create an Environment of
Distributed Cognition that Accelerates
Effective Decision-Making
Our Theme

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A management method for:
1. Directly improving service delivery
2. Catalyzing Improvements
3. Evolving a business to be
“fit for purpose”
The Kanban Method

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Kanban Practices
• Visualize
• Limit Work-in-Progress (WIP)
• Manage Flow
• Make Policies Explicit
• Implement Feedback Loops
• Improve Collaboratively, Evolve Experimentally

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Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done
3 5 34
Kanban System
Doing Done Doing Done

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The Historical
Problem
The U.S. Navy’s Difficulty of
Making Sense of Complex and
Challenging Environments

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History Informs the Present
• Effective decision-
making in uncertain
conditions
• Prussian General Staff
• Stephen Bungay
• Marine Corps Doctrine
• Don Reinertsen

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Pearl Harbor – December 1941

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Prewar Developments
• Evolutionary Improvement
• Effective learning system
• Embrace of “Mission Command”
• OODA – Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

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OODA
12
Act
Observe
Orient
Decide

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Carrier Battles – Early 1942

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The Pacific in 1942

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Night Surface Action

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Radar – “Eyes” at Night

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Real Radar Displays

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The Problem
Captains lose track of the situation
Task forces break down
Coordination proves impossible
But… the information is there

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Making sense of complex and
challenging knowledge work
The Current Problem

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Knowledge Work
• Invisible
• Coordination:
• Necessary
• Difficult
• We lose track of the work

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Knowledge Work
• But… the information is
there
• And… the solution is not
“put it in a tool”

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The Historical Solution

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What was done?
The Combat Information Center

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Combat Information Center

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Combat Information Center
• Made the Invisible Visible
• New Roles Distributed Cognitive Load
• Allowed Rapid Sense-Making through
Visualization and Clear Symbols

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System with cognitive capabilities
greater than the collection of
individuals that operate in the system
Distributed Cognition

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“The Chinese Room”
• John Searle
• Inputs
• Rules (Responses)
• Outputs

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Distributed Cognition
• Human Systems are Cultural Systems
• Rules are implicit until we make them
explicit
• Rules and Symbols are the tools for
creating distributed cognition

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Benefits
• Make sense of the current situation
• Lower individual cognitive burden
• Enable self-organization
• Foster decentralized decision-making
Act
Observe
Orient
Decide

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Making sense of complex and
challenging knowledge work
Distributed Cognition with Kanban

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The ability to quickly and
consistently make the best
choice for the current situation
Distributed Cognition with Kanban

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Creating a Pull System
• Visualization & WIP Limits
• Creates a Pull System
• Clear Signals
• What action to take
• When to take it

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Classes of Service
• Explicit policies around the
handling of work
• Treating work differently based on:
• Urgency
• Risk
• Source of Request
• Etc…

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Typical Classes of Service
• Expedite (ASAP)
• Fixed Date
• Standard
• Intangible

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Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done
3 5 34
Classes of Service
Doing Done Doing Done
= Standard
= Intangible
= Fixed Date
= Expedite

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Capacity Allocation
• Explicit policies governing the
handling of risk
• Often tied to Classes of Service
• Becomes a Decision
Framework

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Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done
3 5 34
Classes of Service with Capacity Allocation
Doing Done Doing Done
= Standard
= Intangible
= Fixed Date
= Expedite
4
8
3
+1

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Will this Scale?

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Summary
• Distributed Cognition is real
• Allows faster, better decisions
• Enables self-organization
• Helps mitigate risk
• It is enabled through:
• Effective visualization
• Explicit policies

excella.com | @Honer_CUT
Act
Observe
Orient
Decide
You can do this too!
Leverage a Kanban System
• Tighter OODA Loop
• Better Decisions
• Continually Improving Fitness

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Accelerating Good Decisions: Kanban for Distributed Cognition - INDEX

1. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Accelerating Good Decisions: Kanban for Distributed Cognition Trent Hone

2. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Trent Hone • Agile Coach with Excella • 20+ years development experience • Award-Winning Historian • Complexity Theorist

3. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Kanban Systems Create an Environment of Distributed Cognition that Accelerates Effective Decision-Making Our Theme

4. excella.com | @Honer_CUT A management method for: 1. Directly improving service delivery 2. Catalyzing Improvements 3. Evolving a business to be “fit for purpose” The Kanban Method

5. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Kanban Practices • Visualize • Limit Work-in-Progress (WIP) • Manage Flow • Make Policies Explicit • Implement Feedback Loops • Improve Collaboratively, Evolve Experimentally

6. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Kanban System Doing Done Doing Done

7. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Kanban System Doing Done Doing Done

8. excella.com | @Honer_CUT The Historical Problem The U.S. Navy’s Difficulty of Making Sense of Complex and Challenging Environments

9. excella.com | @Honer_CUT History Informs the Present • Effective decision- making in uncertain conditions • Prussian General Staff • Stephen Bungay • Marine Corps Doctrine • Don Reinertsen

10. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Pearl Harbor – December 1941

11. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Prewar Developments • Evolutionary Improvement • Effective learning system • Embrace of “Mission Command” • OODA – Observe, Orient, Decide, Act

12. excella.com | @Honer_CUT OODA 12 Act Observe Orient Decide

13. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Carrier Battles – Early 1942

14. excella.com | @Honer_CUT The Pacific in 1942

15. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Night Surface Action

16. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Radar – “Eyes” at Night

17. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Real Radar Displays

18. excella.com | @Honer_CUT The Problem Captains lose track of the situation Task forces break down Coordination proves impossible But… the information is there

19. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Making sense of complex and challenging knowledge work The Current Problem

20. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Knowledge Work • Invisible • Coordination: • Necessary • Difficult • We lose track of the work

21. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Knowledge Work • But… the information is there • And… the solution is not “put it in a tool”

22. excella.com | @Honer_CUT The Historical Solution

23. excella.com | @Honer_CUT What was done?

24. excella.com | @Honer_CUT What was done? The Combat Information Center

25. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Combat Information Center

26. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Combat Information Center • Made the Invisible Visible • New Roles Distributed Cognitive Load • Allowed Rapid Sense-Making through Visualization and Clear Symbols

27. excella.com | @Honer_CUT System with cognitive capabilities greater than the collection of individuals that operate in the system Distributed Cognition

28. excella.com | @Honer_CUT “The Chinese Room” • John Searle • Inputs • Rules (Responses) • Outputs

29. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Distributed Cognition • Human Systems are Cultural Systems • Rules are implicit until we make them explicit • Rules and Symbols are the tools for creating distributed cognition

30. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Benefits • Make sense of the current situation • Lower individual cognitive burden • Enable self-organization • Foster decentralized decision-making Act Observe Orient Decide

31. excella.com | @Honer_CUT A management method for: 1. Directly improving service delivery 2. Catalyzing Improvements 3. Evolving a business to be “fit for purpose” The Kanban Method

32. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Kanban Practices • Visualize • Limit Work-in-Progress (WIP) • Manage Flow • Make Policies Explicit • Implement Feedback Loops • Improve Collaboratively, Evolve Experimentally

33. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Making sense of complex and challenging knowledge work Distributed Cognition with Kanban

34. excella.com | @Honer_CUT The ability to quickly and consistently make the best choice for the current situation Distributed Cognition with Kanban

35. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Creating a Pull System • Visualization & WIP Limits • Creates a Pull System • Clear Signals • What action to take • When to take it

36. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Kanban System Doing Done Doing Done

37. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Kanban System Doing Done Doing Done

38. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Kanban System Doing Done Doing Done

39. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Classes of Service • Explicit policies around the handling of work • Treating work differently based on: • Urgency • Risk • Source of Request • Etc…

40. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Typical Classes of Service • Expedite (ASAP) • Fixed Date • Standard • Intangible

41. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Classes of Service Doing Done Doing Done = Standard = Intangible = Fixed Date = Expedite

42. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Capacity Allocation • Explicit policies governing the handling of risk • Often tied to Classes of Service • Becomes a Decision Framework

43. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Options Ready Define Implement Validate Done 3 5 34 Classes of Service with Capacity Allocation Doing Done Doing Done = Standard = Intangible = Fixed Date = Expedite 4 8 3 +1

44. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Will this Scale?

45. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Summary • Distributed Cognition is real • Allows faster, better decisions • Enables self-organization • Helps mitigate risk • It is enabled through: • Effective visualization • Explicit policies

46. excella.com | @Honer_CUT Act Observe Orient Decide You can do this too! Leverage a Kanban System • Tighter OODA Loop • Better Decisions • Continually Improving Fitness

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