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The document discusses post-harvest handling of plums in Pakistan. It provides background on plum production areas and varieties in Pakistan. It then discusses factors that can lead to post-harvest losses at different stages, including biological, mechanical and environmental factors. The document also outlines best practices for handling, grading, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing of plums after harvest to minimize losses and maximize quality. These include proper cleaning, packaging, cooling, storage at optimal temperatures and humidity, and quick transportation.
This document provides information about preserving fruits and vegetables, including:
- It discusses various causes of food spoilage and how microorganisms contribute to spoilage if left unchecked. Proper preparation and preservation techniques can prevent microbial growth.
- Common preservation methods described include heating foods to kill microbes, drying foods to remove water necessary for microbial growth, and using salt or acidity to create inhospitable conditions for microbes.
- Specific guidance is provided on cleaning, cutting, and blanching produce before preservation. Canning, jam-making, drying, salting, and other techniques are outlined.
- Developing a small food processing business is also discussed to provide economic opportunities around preserving local
This document discusses the causes of food spoilage in fruits and vegetables, including physical deterioration, aging, damage from insects or rodents, mechanical damage, chemical and enzyme changes, and microbial spoilage. It explains that spoilage occurs naturally after harvest as the product is cut off from its nutrient supply. Various preservation methods can help retain quality by stopping aging and enzyme changes and preventing microbial growth. Proper cleaning, sorting, and storage also help delay the spoilage process.
This document discusses the causes of food spoilage in fruits and vegetables, including physical deterioration, aging, damage from insects or rodents, mechanical damage, chemical and enzyme changes, and microbial spoilage. It explains that spoilage occurs naturally after harvest as the product is cut off from its nutrient supply. Various preservation methods can help retain quality by stopping aging and enzyme changes and preventing microbial growth. Proper cleaning, sorting, and storage also help delay the spoilage process.
Presented by Saurav Tuteja, this document discusses factors that contribute to post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables and methods to control such loss. Primary causes of loss include mechanical damage during handling and microbial or environmental spoilage. Secondary causes are things like inadequate facilities for harvesting, transport, storage and marketing. Control methods include proper cultural practices, harvesting, packaging, pre-cooling, transportation, marketing, controlled atmosphere storage, ionizing radiation, and waxing to extend shelf life and minimize waste of perishable agricultural produces.
Management of Post-Harvest Losses in Fruits and VegetablesSaurav Tuteja
Fruits and vegetables are the most perishable agricultural produce and the post-harvest loss of these is tremendous. Producers have to suffer a huge economic loss due to lack of proper understanding about causes, nature of loss, proper preservation methods, their transportation, and marketing techniques. This paper suggests the methods of handling the fruits and vegetables after their harvest so as to reduce the loss to the minimum and obtain maximum returns from them.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are perishable and highly prone to these losses because they are composed of living tissues. These tissues must be kept alive and healthy throughout the process of marketing. These are composed of thousands of living cells which require care and maintenance.
Postharvest handling involves all steps in managing agricultural crops after harvest to prolong shelf life and maintain quality until consumption. It includes techniques like cooling, packing, storage, and transportation. Proper postharvest handling can significantly reduce worldwide postharvest losses estimated at 30-40% of total production. The quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables relies on photosynthesis which uses light, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose within chloroplasts in plant leaves. Glucose is then transported throughout the plant to support growth, development, and ripening of harvestable parts. Effective postharvest practices and photosynthesis are both crucial for maximizing crop yields and minimizing food waste.
The document discusses post-harvest handling of plums in Pakistan. It provides background on plum production areas and varieties in Pakistan. It then discusses factors that can lead to post-harvest losses at different stages, including biological, mechanical and environmental factors. The document also outlines best practices for handling, grading, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing of plums after harvest to minimize losses and maximize quality. These include proper cleaning, packaging, cooling, storage at optimal temperatures and humidity, and quick transportation.
This document provides information about preserving fruits and vegetables, including:
- It discusses various causes of food spoilage and how microorganisms contribute to spoilage if left unchecked. Proper preparation and preservation techniques can prevent microbial growth.
- Common preservation methods described include heating foods to kill microbes, drying foods to remove water necessary for microbial growth, and using salt or acidity to create inhospitable conditions for microbes.
- Specific guidance is provided on cleaning, cutting, and blanching produce before preservation. Canning, jam-making, drying, salting, and other techniques are outlined.
- Developing a small food processing business is also discussed to provide economic opportunities around preserving local
This document discusses the causes of food spoilage in fruits and vegetables, including physical deterioration, aging, damage from insects or rodents, mechanical damage, chemical and enzyme changes, and microbial spoilage. It explains that spoilage occurs naturally after harvest as the product is cut off from its nutrient supply. Various preservation methods can help retain quality by stopping aging and enzyme changes and preventing microbial growth. Proper cleaning, sorting, and storage also help delay the spoilage process.
This document discusses the causes of food spoilage in fruits and vegetables, including physical deterioration, aging, damage from insects or rodents, mechanical damage, chemical and enzyme changes, and microbial spoilage. It explains that spoilage occurs naturally after harvest as the product is cut off from its nutrient supply. Various preservation methods can help retain quality by stopping aging and enzyme changes and preventing microbial growth. Proper cleaning, sorting, and storage also help delay the spoilage process.
Presented by Saurav Tuteja, this document discusses factors that contribute to post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables and methods to control such loss. Primary causes of loss include mechanical damage during handling and microbial or environmental spoilage. Secondary causes are things like inadequate facilities for harvesting, transport, storage and marketing. Control methods include proper cultural practices, harvesting, packaging, pre-cooling, transportation, marketing, controlled atmosphere storage, ionizing radiation, and waxing to extend shelf life and minimize waste of perishable agricultural produces.
Management of Post-Harvest Losses in Fruits and VegetablesSaurav Tuteja
Fruits and vegetables are the most perishable agricultural produce and the post-harvest loss of these is tremendous. Producers have to suffer a huge economic loss due to lack of proper understanding about causes, nature of loss, proper preservation methods, their transportation, and marketing techniques. This paper suggests the methods of handling the fruits and vegetables after their harvest so as to reduce the loss to the minimum and obtain maximum returns from them.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are perishable and highly prone to these losses because they are composed of living tissues. These tissues must be kept alive and healthy throughout the process of marketing. These are composed of thousands of living cells which require care and maintenance.
Postharvest handling involves all steps in managing agricultural crops after harvest to prolong shelf life and maintain quality until consumption. It includes techniques like cooling, packing, storage, and transportation. Proper postharvest handling can significantly reduce worldwide postharvest losses estimated at 30-40% of total production. The quality and nutritional value of fruits and vegetables relies on photosynthesis which uses light, water, and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose within chloroplasts in plant leaves. Glucose is then transported throughout the plant to support growth, development, and ripening of harvestable parts. Effective postharvest practices and photosynthesis are both crucial for maximizing crop yields and minimizing food waste.
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin MillerForth
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt HertensteinForth
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program by Kevin MillerForth
Kevin Miller, Senior Advisor, Business Models of the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt HertensteinForth
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
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1. 1
Adopted 2003.
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE PREVENTION AND
REDUCTION OF PATULIN CONTAMINATION IN
APPLE JUICE AND APPLE JUICE INGREDIENTS
IN OTHER BEVERAGES
CAC/RCP 50-2003
INTRODUCTION
1. Patulin is a secondary metabolite produced by a number of fungal species in the
genera Penicillium, Aspergillus and Byssochlamys of which Penicillium expansum is
probably the most commonly encountered species. Patulin has been found as a
contaminant in many mouldy fruits, vegetables, cereals and other foods, however,
the major sources of contamination are apples and apple products.
2. Alcoholic fermentation of fruit juices destroys patulin and, therefore, fermented
products such as cider and perry will not contain patulin. However, patulin has
been observed in apple cider where apple juice was added after fermentation.
Ascorbic acid has been reported to cause the disappearance of patulin from apple
juice, although the optimal conditions for inactivation have not been fully
established. Patulin is relatively temperature stable, particularly at acid pH. High
temperature (150 °C) short-term treatments have been reported to result in
approximately 20% reduction in patulin concentrations. However, thermal
processing alone is not sufficient to ensure a product free of patulin.
3. There is no clear evidence that patulin is carcinogenic, however, it has been shown
to cause immunotoxic effects and is neurotoxic in animals. The IARC concluded
that no evaluation could be made of the carcinogenicity of patulin to humans and
that there was inadequate evidence in experimental animals. Patulin was evaluated
by the JECFA in 1990 and re-evaluated in 1995. The latter evaluation took into
account the fact that most of the patulin ingested by rats is eliminated within 48
hours and 98% within 7 days. A study on the combined effects of patulin on
reproduction, long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity pointed to a harmless intake of
43 g/kg body weight per day. On the basis of this work and using a safety factor of
100, the JECFA set a provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 0.4 g/kg body
weight.
4. Patulin occurs mainly in mould-damaged fruits although the presence of mould
does not necessarily mean that patulin will be present in a fruit but indicates that it
may be present. In some instances, internal growth of moulds may result from
insect or other invasions of otherwise healthy tissue, resulting in occurrence of
2. PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION (1st Edition)
2
patulin in fruit which externally appears undamaged. However, it can also occur in
bruised fruit after controlled atmosphere storage and exposure to ambient
conditions both with and without core rot being present. Washing of fruit, or removal
of mouldy tissue, immediately prior to pressing will not necessarily remove all the
patulin present in the fruit since some may have diffused into apparently healthy
tissue. Washing apples with ozone solution is reported to contribute substantially to
the control of patulin during processing.
5. Although the spores of many of the moulds capable of producing patulin will be
present on fruit whilst it is still on the tree, they will generally not grow on fruit until
after harvest. However, mould growth and patulin production can occur in fruit pre-
harvest if the fruit becomes affected by disease or damaged by insects or where
fallen fruit is gathered for processing. The condition of the fruit at harvest, the way in
which the fruit is handled subsequently (especially during storage) and the extent to
which storage conditions are inhibitory to the growth of moulds, will all affect the
likelihood of patulin contamination of juice and other products prepared from fresh
and stored fruit.
6. The recommendations for reducing patulin contamination in apple juice in this
document are divided into two parts:
I) Recommended practices based on Good Agricultural Practice (GAP).
II) Recommended practices based on Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).
I. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GAP
Preharvest
7. During the dormant season cut off, remove and destroy all diseased wood and
mummified fruits.
8. Prune trees in line with good commercial practice producing a tree shape which will
allow good air movement through the tree and light penetration into the tree. This
will also enable good spray cover to be achieved.
9. Measures should be taken to control pests and diseases which directly cause fruit
rots or allow entry sites for patulin-producing moulds. These include canker, eye rot
(Botrytis spp and Nectria spp), codling moth, fruitlet mining tortrix moth, winter moth,
fruit tree tortrix, blastobasis, sawfly and dock sawfly.
10.Wet weather around the time of petal fall and of harvesting is likely to increase the
risk of rot and appropriate measures, such as application of fungicide to prevent
spore germination and fungal growth should be considered.
3. PATULIN CONTAMINATION IN APPLE JUICE AND APPLE JUICE INGREDIENTS
IN OTHER BEVERAGES (CAC/RCP 50-2003)
3
11.Apples of poor mineral composition are more likely to suffer physiological disorders
in store and hence are more susceptible to particular types of rot especially by
Gloeosporium spp and secondary rots such as Penicillium. Consignments of
apples for the fresh fruit market which do not meet the recommended mineral
compositional standards, as determined by fruit analysis, should therefore be
excluded from long-term storage i.e. storage for longer than 3–4 months.
12.Where levels of minerals in the fruit for the fresh fruit market are outside optimum
ranges, improving calcium and phosphorus levels in the fruit, particularly increasing
the calcium/potassium ratio by controlled fertiliser usage, will improve cell structure,
which will then reduce susceptibility to rotting.
13.Records of rot levels should be kept each year for individual orchards since
historical data is the best guide, at present, to potential rot levels, which will indicate
the need for fungicide application and the storage potential of the fruit from that
orchard.
Harvesting and transportation of fruit
14.Apples for processing are from two different origins:
a) Mechanically harvested fruit
15.Mechanically harvested fruit is obtained by shaking the tree and collecting the fruit
from the ground with appropriate mechanical machinery.
16.All fruit should be handled as gently as possible and every effort made to minimize
physical damage at all stages of the harvesting and transportation procedures.
17.Before shaking the trees, deteriorated fallen fruit (rotten, fleshed etc.) should be
removed from the ground in order to make sure that only fresh and/or sound fruit is
collected.
18.Mechanically harvested fruit has to be transported to processing plants within 3
days after harvest.
19.All containers used to transport harvested fruit should be clean, dry and free of any
debris.
b) Fruit for the fresh fruit market
20.Fruit from orchards with a history of high levels of rot should be harvested
separately and not considered for storage.
4. PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION (1st Edition)
4
21.Ideally all fruit should be picked in dry weather conditions, when the fruit is mature,
and placed in clean bins or other containers (e.g. boxes) suitable for transportation
directly to store. Bins or boxes should be cleaned, ideally by hosing with clean
water or preferably by scrubbing with soap and water, and fruit and leaf debris
should be removed. Cleaned bins and boxes should be dried prior to use. Avoid
exposure of fruit to rain.
22.Adequate training and supervision should be provided to ensure good damage-free
picking practice.
23.All fruit in which the skin is damaged, or with the flesh exposed, as well as all
diseased fruit, should be rejected in the orchard at the time of picking and fruit
bruising should be minimised as far as possible.
24.All soil-contaminated fruit, i.e. rain splashed fruit or fruit on the ground, should be
rejected for storage purposes.
25.Care must be taken to avoid the inclusion of leaves, twigs etc. in the picked fruit.
26.Fruit should be placed in cold storage within 18 hours of harvest and cooled to the
recommended temperatures (see Table 1) within 3–4 days of picking.
27.During transport and storage, measures should be taken to avoid soil
contamination.
28.Care must be taken during handling and transport of the bins or boxes in the
orchard, and between the orchard and store, to avoid soil contamination of the
container and the fruit and to minimize physical damage e.g. bruising of the fruit.
29.Harvested fruit should not be left in the orchard overnight but moved to a hard
standing area, preferably under cover.
Post-harvest handling and storage practices of fruit for the fresh fruit market
30.All fruit, whether for the fresh market or for later processing, should be handled as
gently as possible and every effort made to minimise physical damage e.g. bruising
at all stages of post-harvest handling prior to pressing.
31.Apple growers, and other producers of juice who do not have controlled storage
facilities, need to ensure that fruits for juicing are pressed as soon as possible after
picking.
5. PATULIN CONTAMINATION IN APPLE JUICE AND APPLE JUICE INGREDIENTS
IN OTHER BEVERAGES (CAC/RCP 50-2003)
5
32.For controlled atmosphere storage ensure that stores are checked for gas
tightness, where appropriate, and that all monitoring equipment is tested before
harvesting commences. Pre-cool stores thoroughly before use.
33.Where appropriate post harvest fungicide treatments may be applied in accordance
with authorized conditions of use.
34.Stored apples should be examined regularly, at least once a month, for rot levels; a
record of the levels should be maintained from year to year. The sampling
procedure used should minimize the risk of atmospheric changes occurring in the
store (see para. 37).
35.Random samples of fruit should be placed in suitable containers (e.g. net bags)
situated close to the inspection hatches to permit monitoring of fruit condition during
the storage period (see para. 36). Samples should be examined for rots, general
fruit condition and shelf life at least every month. Shorter intervals may be
recommended in stores where the fruit storage conditions are less than optimum
and/or the fruit has a predicted storage life of less than 3 months, because of
adverse growth and/or harvesting conditions.
36.Where samples indicate problems with fruit condition appropriate action should be
taken to remove the fruit for use before extensive damage occurs.
37.Mould growth normally occurs in a warm environment. Rapid cooling and
maintenance of store atmosphere conditions will improve fruit condition. Ideally fruit
should be loaded and cooled to less than 5 °C in 3–4 days and to optimum
temperatures within a further 2 days. Controlled atmosphere conditions should be
achieved within 7–10 days from the start of loading, and ultra-low oxygen regimes
(i.e. less than 1.8% oxygen) should be established within a further 7 days.
Post-storage grading of fruit for the fresh market or juice manufacture
38.All rotten fruits, even those with only small areas of rot, should be eliminated as far
as possible and wholesome fruit should be kept in a clean bulk container.
39.When containers are removed from storage to select fruit for retail distribution, the
containers of fruit remaining for juicing should be specifically marked and returned
to cold store within 12 hours of sorting. The time the fruit is at ambient temperatures
should be kept to a minimum. Ideally fruit for juicing should be kept at < 5 °C
between withdrawal from store and juicing and should be utilized as soon as
possible.
6. PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION (1st Edition)
6
40.Fruit which is to be sent for juicing should be utilized as soon as possible and within
the normal shelf life which would be recommended for fruit from the same store.
Any bruising will encourage patulin formation hence bruising should be kept to a
minimum, especially if fruit is to be stored for longer than 24 hours at ambient
temperature before juicing.
II. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES BASED ON GMP
Transportation, checking, and pressing of fruit
Mechanically harvested fruit and fruit for the fresh market
a) fruit for the fresh market
41.Stored fruit should be transported from the cold store to the processor in the
shortest time possible (ideally <24 hours to pressing unless cold stored).
42.Varieties with an open calyx are particularly susceptible to core rots. These varieties
should be examined for internal rots by regular checks immediately prior to
pressing. An appropriate random sample of apples should be preferably taken from
each separate batch of fruit. Each apple is then cut across its equator and
examined for signs of mycelial growth. If the frequency of core rots exceeds an
agreed level the consignment should not be used for juicing. The processor should
specify the maximum proportion of supplied fruit which can have any sign of rotting,
taking into account the capacity of the processor to remove the rotting fruit during
pre-process inspection. If this proportion is exceeded the whole consignment of fruit
should be rejected.
43.On arrival at the factory the fruit should be checked for quality, particularly for
evidence of both external and internal mould damage (see para. 44).
b) mechanically harvested fruit and fruit for the fresh market
44.During processing and prior to pressing, the fruit should be sorted carefully to
remove any visually mouldy fruit (check randomly and routinely for internal mould
by cutting some fruit as indicated in para. 42) and washed thoroughly, using potable
or suitably treated water.
45.Juice presses and other manufacturing equipment should be cleaned and sanitised
in accordance with industry "best practices". Juice presses and other equipment will
generally be washed down with pressured water hoses and sanitised by application
of a suitable sanitiser, followed by a further rinse with potable cold water. In some
7. PATULIN CONTAMINATION IN APPLE JUICE AND APPLE JUICE INGREDIENTS
IN OTHER BEVERAGES (CAC/RCP 50-2003)
7
plants, which operate almost continuously, this should preferably be a once per shift
or once per day cleaning operation.
46.After pressing samples of juice should be taken for analysis. A representative bulk
production sample should analysed for patulin by an appropriate method in a
laboratory which is accredited to carry out such analyses.
47.The juice should preferably be chilled to <5 °C and maintained chilled until it is
concentrated, packaged or pasteurised.
48.Juice should only be sent for packing on a positive release basis after patulin
analysis has been confirmed as being below the maximum agreed limit.
Specifications for the purchase of apple juice should include an appropriate limit for
patulin subject to confirmation by the recipient.
Packaging and final processing of juice
49.Moulds which are capable of producing patulin may occur, together with other
moulds and yeasts, particularly in NFC juice. It is essential to prevent the
development of such organisms during transport and storage to prevent spoilage of
the product and by the same means prevent the production of patulin.
50.If juice is to be held for a period prior to use the temperature should preferably be
reduced to 5 °C or less, in order to reduce microbial development.
51.Most juice will be heat processed to ensure destruction of enzymes and spoilage
organisms. It must be recognized that whilst such processes will generally destroy
fungal spores and vegetative mycelium the process conditions will not destroy any
patulin which is already present.
Quality assessment of juice
52.Specifications for the purchase of apple juice or apple juice concentrates should
include a maximum limit for patulin based on an appropriate method of analysis.
53.A sampling plan should be developed for random sampling of product to assure that
the finished product is within the maximum limit for patulin.
54.The packer must satisfy himself that the juice supplier is able to control properly his
own operations to ensure that the recommendations given above are carried out.
8. PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF FOOD AND FEED CONTAMINATION (1st Edition)
8
55.Assessment of the quality of apple juice by the packer will include °Brix, acidity,
flavour, colour, turbidity, etc. The microbiological quality should be carefully
monitored since this indicates not only the risk level of potential organisms for the
production of patulin but also the hygienic aspects of the previous stages in the
production cycle.
56.Further checks should be carried out on the packaged product to ensure that no
deterioration has taken place during the packaging stage.
Table 1: Recommended temperatures for storage of apples in air
Variety Temperature Variety Temperature
°C °F °C °F
Bramley 3.0-4.0 37-39 Idared 3.0-4.0 38-39
Cox's orange pippin 3.0-3.5 37-38 Jonagold 0.0-0.5 32-33
Discovery 1.5-2.0 35-36 Red delicious 0.0-1.0 32-34
Egremont 3.0-3.5 37-38 Spartan 0.0-0.5 32-33
Golden delicious 1.5-2.0 35-36 Worcester 0.0-1.0 32-34
Crispin 1.5-2.0 35-36