The document outlines essential first aid knowledge, emphasizing the importance of stabilizing an injured person until professional medical help arrives. It covers various topics such as bleeding control, handling convulsions, fractures, head injuries, burns, and electric shock, providing step-by-step instructions for each scenario. Additionally, it advises on what actions to avoid in a first aid situation to prevent further complications.

1. FIRST - AID
 What each of us should know...
 Revision
 Concept
 Education
 Comfort

2. definition
 It is the care given to an injured person to
STABILIZE until the professional medical
care is available.
 Common sense Vs Anxiety-Panic

3. FIRST THINGS FIRST!
 It is the FIRST aid... not FINAL.
 STABILIZE
◦ Emotionally
◦ Physically
◦ Haemo-dynamically
◦ Breathing & Circulation

4. Loss of Consciousness
 AIRWAY
 BREATHING
 CIRCULATION

5. ABC   step 2...

6. BLEEDING – types:

7. Bleeding: steps
 Direct pressure over
the bleeding point
 Elevation of the limb
(unless no #)
 Pressure over the
blood vessel
 Cold application

8. Specific bleeding: NOSE
 Mostly due to very delicate
capillaries within nose
 Trivial triggers - sneezing
 Pressure & Cold compress
 May vomit dark clots

9. Specific bleeding: SCALP
 Skin, blood vessels,
muscles and skull
within <1cm space
 Rich blood supply
but with muscular
guarding

10. Specific bleeding: puncture wound
a. THE OBJECT ACTS AS A PLUG
AND SHOULD NOT BE
REMOVED.
b. Keep the object from MOVING.
c. If object has been removed, it
is a case of BLEEDING.

11. Convulsions:

12. RECOVERY POSITION:
 Unconscious or semi-
conscious who is
breathing normal
 Not to be given if
spine or back injury
suspected

13. FRACTURES:
 STABILISE the lesion
with splint
 Put ICE PACK to
reduce the swelling
 DO NOT try to
restore the
alignment

14. HEAD INJURY:
 Signs to look for:
◦ Consciousness
◦ Convulsion
◦ Trauma
 Nose, Eye, Ear, Scalp
◦ Vomiting

15. Choking:

16. BURNs: chemical
 Wash under cold water
for at least TEN minutes
 Do not try to antidote
with other chemical
 Cover with clean cloth
 Ice pack

17. Heat Stroke:
 Usually exhaustion or
dehydration
 Recovery position till
regains consciousness
 Water & electrolytes
with glucose when
fully conscious - SIPs

18. SHOCK: fainting
 Check ABC
 Loosen clothing
 NOTHING BY MOUTH
 Make the victim lie down
◦ Face looks PALE – raist the TAIL
◦ Face looks RED – raise the HEAD
 Recovery position

19. ELECTRIC SHOCK:
 Shut off the electric current
 Check for:
◦ ABC
◦ Burns – external & internal
◦ Heart beats – regularity
◦ Injuries

20. Syncope:
 Vasovagal
◦ Pain / Bad news / Anxiety
 Postural hypotension
◦ Sudden rising
 Attention
 Recovery position

21. What NOT TO DO ?
 Do not discuss about the injury loudly
 Do not get create a crisis yourself
◦ If you can’t ACT, you can at least OBSERVE

22. The best aid...
THANKS !!