1. AbInitio is one of the popular ETL tools that is in the market.<br />The ETL process in AbInitio is represented by AbInitio graphs. Graphs are formed by components (from the standard components library or custom), flows (data streams) and parameters.<br />Co>Operating System is a program provided by AbInitio which operates on the top of the operating system and is a base for all AbInitio processes.<br />It provides additional features known as air commands which can be installed on a variety of system environments such as Unix, HP-UX, Linux, IBM AIX and Windows systems. CoOperating System provides the following features:<br />Manage and run AbInitio graphs and control the ETL processes<br />Provides AbInitio extensions to the operating system<br />ETL processes monitoring and debugging<br />Metadata management and interaction with the EME<br />GDE is a graphical application for developers which is used for designing and running AbInitio graphs.It also provides:<br />A user-friendly frontend for designing Ab Initio ETL graphs<br />Ability to run, debug Ab Initio jobs and trace execution logs<br />GDE AbInitio graph compilation process results in generation of a UNIX shell script which may be executed on a machine without the GDE installed.<br />Enterprise Meta>Environment (EME) is an AbInitio repository and environment for storing and managing metadata.<br />It provides capability to store both business and technical metadata. EME metadata can be accessed from the Ab Initio GDE, web browser or AbInitio CoOperating system command line (air commands).<br />Conduct>It is an environment for creating enterprise Ab Initio data integration systems. Its main role is to create AbInitio Plans which is a special type of graph constructed of another graphs and scripts. AbInitio provides both graphical and command-line interface to Conduct>IT.<br />The Data Profiler is a graphical data analysis tool which runs on top of the Co>Operating system. It can be used to characterize data range, scope, distribution, variance, and quality.<br />Ab Initio implements parallelism in mainly 3 ways:<br />Data parallelism – data is divided among many partitions known as multi-files. During processing, each partition is processed in parallel.<br />Component parallelism – multiple components are run in parallel. Components execute simultaneously on different branches of a graph.<br />Pipeline parallelism – when a record is processed in one component and a previous record is being processed in another components. Operations like sorting and aggregation break pipeline parallelism.<br />