2011 American Astronautical Society Robert H. Goddard Memorial Symposium--Kathy Turner, Department of Energy

1. DOE Office of High Energy Physics – Program and Partnerships Goddard Memorial Symposium March 31, 2011 in Greenbelt, MD Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics DOE Office of Science

3. Providing 45% of Federal support of basic research in the physical sciences and key components of the Nation’s basic research in biology and computing

5. 4 DOE Office of Science (SC) Office of High Energy Physics (HEP) The HEP Program is the U.S. Federal Steward of High Energy Physics research providing over 90 % of federal support (remainder primarily NSF) designs, constructs and operates research facilities supports researchers at universities and laboratories to carry out the research develops advanced technologies and next generation scientific/technical workforce HEP’s Mission is to maintain the Nation’s competency and leadership in high energy physics research, with the responsibility to establish a strategic plan that address the identified scientific opportunities formulate, justify and defend Budget Requests to implement that plan effectively manage the funding obtained to deliver significant outcomes Fermilab

6. 5 High Energy Physics Program - Scientific Frontiers The Energy Frontier,powerful accelerators are used to create new particles, reveal their interactions, and investigate fundamental forces; The Intensity Frontier,intense particle beams and highly sensitive detectors are used to pursue alternate pathways to investigate fundamental forces and particle interactions by studying events that occur rarely in nature; and The Cosmic Frontier, ground and space-based experiments and telescopes are used to make measurements that will offer new insight and information about the nature of dark matter and dark energy, to understand fundamental particle properties and discover new phenomena.

8. Major contribution or stewardship of experiment

9. Significant contributions from many agencies.Assuming positive review and funding availability, DOE participates in discussions with other agencies to develop a path forward. 6

10. High Energy Physics – at the Energy Frontier DOE built and operated the Tevatron collider at Fermilabas well as the CDF and Dzero detectors, with some contributions from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and foreign agencies. CDF and Dzero have large multi-national science collaborations. DOE has funded the operations of the Tevatron (last year of operations is 2011) with other countries/agencies funding their scientists to participate. LHC at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland (extends into France) The CMS detector at CERN DOE built magnets for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), now operating at CERN. DOE (and NSF) also made major contributions to the ATLAS and CMS detectors. The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have > 2000 scientists each. Each agency supports their scientists to participate. DOE and NSF have an Implementation Arrangement with CERN. CERN provides operations for funding in return for the US contributions (in the Tevatron model) DOE and NSF have a Joint Oversight Group to manage the combined US contributions. We also sit on a Resource Board at CERN, where all partners regularly meet to discuss the status of the experiment and agency support. The ATLAS collaboration 7 The Dzero collaboration

11. Cosmic Frontier - Recent Activities HEP - program guidance at the Cosmic Frontier DOE/NSF Particle Physics Federal Advisory Committee (HEPAP) Particle Astrophysics subpanel report in Oct. 2009 recommended an optimized in the areas: Dark matter, Dark Energy, High Energy Cosmic- and Gamma-rays, and Cosmic Microwave Background !! Developed criteria for HEP involvement: science case, what our community brings to the table, scale of the proposed effort Dark matter & dark energy remain the highest priorities National Academies of Science Astronomy & Astrophysics Decadal Survey (Astro2010) report in August 2010 gave recommendations to DOE as part of a coordinated ground/space-based US Dark Energy program. LSST – DOE should partner with NSF WFIRST – DOE should contribute to the NASA mission If projected funding levels are lower than expected:  LSST is recommended as the priority because DOE role is critical Other opportunities: contributions to mid-scale experiments in dark energy, gamma-ray astrophysics, etc. 8

12. Cosmic Frontier - Dark Matter (direct detection) Partnerships: Most are DOE/NSF partnerships. CDMS (Cryogenic Dark Matter Search) SuperCDMS-Soudan fabrication 2009-2011 w/iZip detectors LUX-350 (Large Underground Xenon) at Sanford Lab Fabrication 2008-11; now commissioning on the surface COUPP (Chicago Observatory for Underground Particle Physics) COUPP-4 operating at SNOLab COUPP-60 commissioning, operating at FNAL w/plans to go to SNOLab ADMX (Axion Dark Matter eXperiment) ADMX-I operations 2007-2009 Proposed Future Experiments: funds available for R&D and small fabrication – most collaborations are planning the next phase. Future: We are working closely with NSF-PHY to coordinate reviews and funding of new efforts. CDMS VERITAS COUPP-60 LUX FGST DES COUPP 9 ADMX

14. HEP supported upgraded instrumentation

16. HEP and NSF-AST are working to coordinate our schedules and funding

17. Agency Joint Oversight Group (JOG) set up; having biweekly meetings

18. Mission Need Statement signed by the Director of the Office of Science for a Stage IV ground based dark energy experiment last week.BOSS DES LSST

20. NASA would lead the mission and DOE would contribute a major instrument; both would participate in the science

21. Signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) & held weekly Joint Coordination Meetings; set up Science Working Group to develop concepts

23. “Stage IV” dark energy experiment

24. R&D funding is being provided (PASAG recommended)

25. HEP – in discussions with NSF-AST and will plan review11

27. Status: Science operations started in 2007 at Whipple Observatory in Arizona

29. Status: full science operations started in 2008 in Argentina

32. Status: NASA plans to launch on the Shuttle on April 19, 2011HAWC (High Altitude Water Cherenkov) observatory DOE and NSF partnership w/contributions from Mexico; start in FY12 Future: Will consider contributions to the ground-based gamma-ray Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) in the future as appropriate VERITAS COUPP-60 DES FGST Pierre Auger – Argentina AMS

33. Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (FGST) Many Unexpected Findings about the Gamma-ray Sky Stanford/SLAC-led collaboration proposed to NASA AO to build and operate the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument on NASA’s FGST, launched June 2008. MOU for DOE and NASA partnership on the fabrication of the LAT, with contributions from France, Japan, Italy and Sweden. SLAC managed the fabrication and now hosts the LAT Instrument Science Operations center which plays the central role in LAT science operations, data processing, and making scientific data available to collaborators for analysis. Aug 2010: The LAT detected gamma-rays from a nova for the first time, overturning the long-held assumption that they lack the power to emit such high-energy radiation. In the images shown above, the nova is clearly seen erupting in the image on the right. Oct. 2009: Map of the gamma-ray sky with one year’s data collection. The image shows the rate of gamma-ray detection above 300 MeV with brighter colors representing higher rates. Blue denotes the extragalactic gamma-ray background. Bill Atwood (SLAC  UCSC) and Peter Michelson (Stanford) and the FGST/LAT team have won the 2011 Bruno Rossi Prize in Astrophysics for enabling, through the development of the Large Area Telescope, new insights into neutron stars, supernova remnants, cosmic rays, binary systems, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts.

34. AMS (Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer) Science: Will measure cosmic rays and search for dark matter and anti-matter on the International Space Station (ISS) Prototype took data on Space Shuttle # 91 in 1998. Large, successful international collaboration, led by HEP-supported Professor Sam Ting of MIT. Collaboration: 42 institutions, 16 countries, 600 scientists DOE and NASA have signed agreement for US contributions: DOE is the steward of the science NASA provide space capability expertise, launch on Shuttle and operates AMS on the ISS Status: NASA will launch aboard Shuttle Endeavour scheduled for April 19, 2011 14

35. Cosmic Frontier - Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) 15 HEP has small research and R&D efforts on a few experiments where we could make targeted contributions ESA/NASA Planck mission agreement – HEP has MOU with NASA to provide computing resources at NERSC in Berkeley for data processing and analysis

37. recommended annual agency-level meeting to coordinate program (starts April 2011)FALC (Funding Agencies for the Linear Collider) – holds meetings to coordinate efforts Coordination with Partners: Agreements and annual meetings with major partners: China, France, Italy, Japan, UK Partnerships in Projects/Experiments Joint Oversight Groups - set up US agency group to meet regularly to discuss issues and also to provide a point of contact to the project office. Finance/Resource Boards – all funding agencies in a project meet regularly to discuss status and funding of the project Important efforts to manage project: Regular contact and meetings between the agencies. Written agreement for construction and operations 16

38. HEP Partnerships at the Cosmic Frontier  maximize the science in this exciting field! 17