The Treaty of Waitangi, New Zealand's founding document signed in 1840, was intended to create a partnership between Māori and the British Crown, but differing understandings of the treaty and breaches of it have led to conflict over time. The treaty was signed to establish British protection for Māori tribes from other colonial powers like France and to establish rules and governance in New Zealand. However, mistakes in translating the English treaty into Māori meant that Māori and European signatories understood the treaty's implications differently.