A Contextual Inquiry of Expert Programmers in an Event-Based Programming Enviroment
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Event-based programming has been studied little, yet recent work suggests that language paradigm can predict programming strategies and performance. A contextual inquiry of four expert programmers using the Alice 3D programming environment was performed in order to discover how event-based programming strategies might be supported in programming environments. V arious programming, testing, and debugging breakdowns were extracted from observations and possible programming environment tools are suggested as aids to avoid these breakdowns. Future analyses and studies are described
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- 1. A Contextual Inquiry of Expert Programmers in an Event-Based Programming Environment CHI’2003 - Andrew Jensen Ko / 맹욱재 x 2014 between spring and summer
- 2. Author Andrew J. Ko Assistant Professor The Information School University of Washington USE research group Modern software = complex, difficult to use, understand, fix. USE research group invents technologies that help people understand and overcome this complexity, including new help systems for end users, new debugging tools for developers, and new educational technologies for people learning to program. Research interests : human-computer interaction, software engineering, computing education. https://faculty.washington.edu/ajko/
- 3. Problem Event-based programming(E.B.P.) has been studied little in Android Programming Button a=(Button)findViewById(R.id.버튼아이디); a.setOnClickListener (new Button.OnClickListener(){ public void click(View v){ 클릭하면 실행할 이벤트 } }); http://daybrush.com/12217
- 4. Phenomenon Around 2003, Studies suggest language paradigm(L.P.) can predict programming strategies & performance http://attractivechaos.github.io/plb/http://www.math-cs.gordon.edu/courses/cs323/LISP/lisp.html
- 5. Solution Contextual Inquiry(C.I.) of 4 expert using Alice 3D programming environment(P.E.) To discover how E.B.P strategies might be supported in P.E.
- 6. Result of C.I. Various programming, testing, debugging breakdowns were extracted. possible P.E. tools are suggested as aids to avoid these breakdowns.
- 7. Event-based Programming(E.B.P.) E.B.P drive majority of a program’s runtime behavior. E.B.P is common in modern programming languages, Visual Basic, Java, Macromedia’s Director, Alice
- 9. Alice Research prototype language provide event-based construct, U.I. for efficently creating highly interative enviroment programming languages Alice provides a limited object model, global event handlers, strictly enforced structured editor, preventing all syntax error.
- 10. Method of C.I. To identify problems that programmers(PGMer) encounter when creating interative, event-based program. To asses the utility of C.I. for extracting design requirements for P.E.
- 11. Photo in C.I.
- 12. Background of C.I. Participating PGMers were enrolled in the “Building Virtual Worlds” course at C.M.U. Course require collaboration among PGMers, modelers, sound engineers, painters to create new interactice 3D world every two weeks using Alice.
- 13. Overview of C.I. 4 expert programmers observed during the second half of the semester. After PGMer were experienced with Alice. the least PGMer 3 languages, 4 enviroments the best PGMer 6 languages, 8 enviroments
- 14. Point of C.I. Experimenter met with each PGMer explained the focus of C.I. - to identify programming, testing, debugging difficulties using Alice. recorded observation on paper and video formed hypotheses about PGMer’s action in situ asked the PGMer if the hypothesis were correct
- 15. Example of asking in C.I experimenter : “It looks like you’re trying to align these two objects.” PGMer : “Basically, I want them to be alligned on this axis, but I don’t care about the other two”
- 16. Result and Discussion About 12 hours of observation over 12 sessions Each of the sessions was reviewed for breakdown scenarios(B.S.) - PGMer’s strategy was difficult to perform or unsuccessful. B.S. were consolidated into problem types.
- 18. Problem type 1 - Programming Problem Bad code adaption in code recycling. => smart copy & paste mechanism needed automatically coerce params from method to method Bad supporting for tweaking existing code often revert to previous version of code to avoid undoing intermediary changes to unrelated code => multi-level intelligent undo keeping extensive modification history
- 20. Problem type 2 - Testing Problem PGMer used visual cue a lot assigning the color of object for triggering => “watch this variable by mapping it’s value” visual cues : color, size, visibility Waiting too long animation for small modification => timeline visualization
- 22. Problem type 3 - Debugging Problem Difficult debugging question including when “when was the last time this object moved?” => timeline visualization Difficult debugging question including why “why did this object move?” => show the code of problem common cause (resized to zero, moved out of view…)
- 23. Future work further analysis of data from C.I. C.I with novice and expert new to Alice
- 24. Learning From This Paper C.I. should be done during long period for capturing every phase of process Asking participant if the hypothesis is correct for unintrusive Breakdown Scenario will be the output of each C.I.
- 25. Discussion Point 1. C.I. will be applied to User Reseach in TOBE project. Capturing user’s tacit knowledge(암묵지) will be difficult. Using prototyping engages lots of cognitive work. How can we capture the user’s intentions, difficulties using computer based tool?