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A case profile of sle
1. In the Name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
2. A CASE PROFILE OF SLE
- Dr. Mohammed Sadiq Azam
- Dr. N.Samatha
Postgraduates M-I, Prof. Md. Siraj’s Unit
Department of Internal Medicine
Deccan College of Medical Sciences
4. HISTORY – CHIEF COMPLAINTS
• Mrs. A, 32/F, presented on 14/08/2006 with c/o:
• FEVER – 15 days (on/off since 6 months)
• Oral Ulcers – 15 days
• Loose stools – 15 days
• Generalized body pains – 15 days
• Generalised weakness – 15 days
• Generalised swelling – 15 days
5. HISTORY OF PRESENTING ILLNESS
• Asymptomatic 6 months ago, when she developed fever with chills
and rigors for which she took symptomatic treatment – low grade
fever +/- ever since.
• 1 month ago, she developed moderate to high grade fever with chills
and rigor with generalized body pains involving all joints (non
migratory, not flitting/fleeting, relieved by analgesics).
• Got admitted at a private nursing home on 4/5/2006 and has been
treated for typhoid fever for one week with Inj. Cefotaxime 1g iv BD.
• No relief in symptoms even with therapy, hence got discharged and
went home.
• One week later she developed swelling all over the body with oral
ulcers and persistent low grade temperature with random spikes.
6. PAST HISTORY
• No past H/O exposure to an adult case of TB, no past
documented H/s/o of
typhoid, malaria, dengue, chickungunya, exanthematous fevers
in past/childhood, no rheumatic history.
• No h/o rash anywhere on face or body, no h/o photosensitivity.
• No h/s/o high risk behaviour.
• No h/o exposure to heavy metals.
7. PERSONAL / FAMILY HISTORY
• Mixed diet, sleep decreased, loss of weight / loss of appetite +
• Bladder and bowel movementts – normal.
• Recently married (<1yr), no issues, no abortions.
• Menstrual history: Menarche: 14 yrs, cycles 5/28, regular, normal
flow, no pain, no clots.
• Teacher by occupation at a private school. Illness has affected her
school performance (increased sick absenteeism)
• ALLERGIC to Penicillin.
• Family History: No similar complaints in family.
8. ON EXAMINATION:
• Moderately built lady, sitting on the bed, is
conscious, cooperative, coherent, oriented to time, place and person.
• Dyspnoeic, Tachypnoeic, Anaemic ++, BPPE ++, Facial puffiness
+, Abdomen distended, no generalised LA, I -, Cy -, Cl -.
• Oral ulcers +, buccal mucosa 2 ulcers on each side, approx 1x2cm
size, floor granular, egde sloping, no slough, sub mandibular tender LA +
• VITALS: BP-100/70mmHg, PR-95bpm, reg, normal vol & character,
Temp: 100 F, JVP: raised (8mm)
• CVS: S1, S2 +, no murmurs/added sounds
• RS: BAE+, NVBS, B/L basal creps + occasionally
• P/A: Abd distended, FF + (SD+, FT -), no palpable organomegaly.
• CNS: NFND, PERRLA+, B/L plantars flexor.
18. FOLLOW UP:
• Patient developed GTCS involving Right UL/LL 3 days after initiating
therapy.
• CT Brain (Plain):
• Focal hypodensity in Rt. High parietal lobe posteriorly (?infarct).
Suggested review with contrast after 1 week
• Review scan: Hypodensities in bilateral parieto-occipital regions
s/o infarct.
• Wedge shaped hypodense areas of alterations valus (16-24 Hz)
noted in posterior parietal regions bilaterally.
s/o Infarct, ? White matter oedema.
19. FOLLOW UP:
• MRI Brain with MR Venogram:
• Bilateral cortical and subcortical T2 hyperintensity in parieto-
occipital and frontal lodes which may represent mutiple infarcts
(? secondary to vasculitis).
20. FOLLOW UP:
• Uptitrated the steroid
• Added LMWX, Sodium Valproate 300mg BD with Folic acid 1g OD
• Supportive therapy.
• Patient is on regular follow up.
• Conceived 6 months later, had a FTND, baby healthy, resumed job, has
a healthy good QOL now.
22. CASE SNIPPET
• Mrs. R, 48/F, presented in August 2002 with c/o fever on/off since 4
months, low grade, no chills/rigors. Since 2 weeks she had an
associated generalized swelling all over the body and joint pains
involving all the joints, no stiffness/no obvious deformity. On
admission and evaluation she was found to have
pancytopaenia, serositis and albuminuria. Workup revealed a
positive ANA and dsDNA. She was advised a renal biopsy but she
refused.
• In view of clinical features and lab investigations she was diagnosed
as a case of connective tissue disease – SLE and started on
methylprednisolone 1mg/kg/day, supportive therapy and discharged
after stabilisation. She was advised regular follow-up.
23. CASE SNIPPET
• 5 months later (January 2003), she presented with puffiness of the
face and decreased urine output. RFT revealed oliguria (300ml/24h)
with nephrotic range proteinuria (4000mg/d) and elevated BU/SC
(157/3.5mg/dl).
• Renal biopsy was done after obtaining an informed consent of the
patient and it was consistent with WHO Stage 4 Lupus Nephritis.
• She was started on pulse therapy with
Cyclophosphamide, uptitrated on methylprednisolone and managed
with supportive care.
24. CASE SNIPPET
• She started showing signs of clinical remission within one week.
(Urine output improved to 1060ml/d, 24h urine protein –
200mg/d, BU/SC – 55/1.5mg/dl)
• 2 weeks after starting therapy, her RFTs stabilised to normal range
and she was discharged. Her pulse therapy was continued and
cyclophosphamide was gradually tapered off. Steroid was tapered
to minimum effective dose.
• She is currently on Tab.Methylprednisolone 5mg/day.
• 10 years since initial diagnosis, she is asymptomatic, CBP and
RFTs are stable and she has a healthy QOL.
26. CASE SNIPPET
• Mrs. D, 25/F, was brought to the ER with c/o weakness of all four
limbs since 10 days. She had recently been diagnosed with SLE at
an outside centre. On admission, her power was 0/5 in both LL and
2/5 in both UL with a sensory level at C5 spinal level. Her Serum
potassium was 1.6meq/l. She was tachypnoeic/ dyspnoeic and
showed signs of respiratory muscle weakness.
• A provisional diagnosis of SLE associated Transverse myelitis
(AIDP) vs. Hypokalemic paralysis was made.
• She was started on Injectable high dose steroid for the AIDP and
Inj. Potassium chloride 60meq/500ml NS to correct the potassium
deficit.
27. CASE SNIPPET
• 2 days after initiating therapy, her symptoms improved. Power in UL
was 4+/5 and in LL was 4/5. Her sensory deficit disappeared.
• MRI spine was done which was normal.
• Patient made a complete recovery and was discharged after 1
week.
• She is currently on follow up for identifying the cause of
hypokalemia and evaluating the D/D of AIDP sec to SLE vasculitis
vs. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis.
29. Chief complaints
• Mrs Vijaya, 31 yrs female, a House wife,
Presented on 12/12/2011 with C/O
Fever : 2 months
Malar rash : 45 days
Headache : 45 days
30. History of present illness
Patient was apparently asymptomatic 2 months back when she
developed fever associated with generalised body pains, rash
on palms,back and arms, joint pains, anorexia, sleeplessness
and headache.
• Patient presented to a local hospital, treated
symptomatically, fever was relieved on medication and was
discharged.
• 10-15 days later she developed malar rash,and persistent
fever.
• Then, she presented to Esra hospital with fever and malar
rash.
31. History of present illness
• Fever was intermittent, low grade, on and off, no
chills/rigors, associated joint pains mostly involving large
joints[non migratory and non fleeting]
• From day1 of fever, she developed macular erythema on
palms, upperback and extensor aspect of arms and 10-15 days
later she developed malar rash,which is slightly raised
erythematous rash on cheek and nose, precipitated by sun
exposure and non pruritic.
• No history S/O purpura, no orogenital eruptions or scaly
lesions on anyother part of the body.
32. History of present illness
• No past H/O exposure to C/O TB,mite bite,tick bite,or
exposure to rats or cats
• No history S/O malaria,chikungunya,dengue,typhoid
• No history of visual disturbances,altered sensorium & no
complaints S/O motor or sensory impairment
• No H/O cough or dyspnoea
• No history of drug allergy
• No H/O similar complaints in the past
33. Personal/family history
• Mixed diet,decreased appetite,decreased sleep
• Bowel and bladder habits regular
• Menstrual history-menarche at 13,cycles regular,4/30,no
dysmenorrhea,no clots
• No similar complaints in the family
34. General examination
• Patient is conscious, coherent, cooperative, comfortably sitting on
bed, well oriented to time, place & person
• Weight - 56kgs, Height - 158 cms
• Pallor +,no icterus no cyanosis,no clubbing,no lymphadenopathy,no
pedal edema
• Normal hair
• Malar rash on face ,macular erythema on palms and back,non-
discoid,non blanchable
• No orogenital ulcers
• EYES appear normal O/E
• URT normal,no congestion or secretions noted
35.
36. Physical examination
• Vitals ,BP 110/80, PR 80b/m, regular, normal
volume,character, all peripheral pulses felt. Temp 100F , RR
16/min
• RS-BAE+,NVBS,no ADV sounds
• CVS-S1,S2 heard, no murmurs
• P/A-soft ,no tenderness,no organomegaly,BS+
• CNS-NFND,Plantars-flexor
• Muskuloskeletal system examination-no swelling or redness or
tenderness over large or small joints,no limitation of
movements at joints,no pain,no stiffness
42. Management
Supportive therapy
Inj.Solumedrol 1g iv OD
At discharge, Tab.Azathioprine, added at
2mg/kg/day, along with oral prednisolone, 40mg bid
At follow up, patient cell counts improved, rash faded
comparatively, but complained of alopecia,GI symptoms
