Polished Paper provides our clients with on-demand professional English language editing and proofreading services designed to meet all of your needs. Whether your goals are academic, professional, or creative, you can rest assured that Polished Paper will be with you as your partner in success, today, tomorrow, and beyond. Know more: https://polishedpaper.com/

1. A Brief History of Plagiarism
and How to Avoid It
Polishedpaper.com

2. • The blank page is terrifying. However, even more terrifying are the
consequences of plagiarism and cheating. Here’s a brief non-
comprehensive history of plagiarism and cheating and their consequences.
• 1938 - Henry Ford’s grandson paid a fellow student to write a paper for
him. Yale expelled him. He never earned a degree.
• 1994 - Eighty-six cadets at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis cheated
on an electrical engineering exam. The Academy expelled twenty-four (the
Navy also booted them). The rest had leave privileges revoked for a year.
• 2002 - Forty-eight students submitted the same essay over a five-year
period in an introductory physics class at the University of Virginia. The
University expelled forty-five and revoked the degrees of the three others,
who had already graduated.

3. • 2007 - Thirty-four MBA students at Duke cheated on a take-home exam.
Duke expelled nine, suspended fifteen for a year and failed them (course
grade), and failed ten (nine on the course grade and one on the exam
grade).
• Note: Four have been exonerated, but Duke has not said which.
• 2007 - Thirty-six Indiana School of Dentistry students gained access to
questions they would face on an upcoming test. The School expelled nine,
suspended six for a year, and gave twenty-one letters of reprimand.
• 2012 - Fareed Zakaria, a journalist for Time and CNN, plagiarized a
paragraph from the New Yorker. He faced a week suspension and almost
lost both jobs. He will now be remembered as a cheater.

4. • 2013 - One hundred and twenty students cheated on a series of English
quizzes using cell phones. They will all fail. Barnard may also expel them.
• 2014 - Montana Democratic Senator John Walsh withdrew from a Senate
race after the media discovered that he had plagiarized parts of a graduate
school paper.
• Clearly colleges, employers, the media, and the public take plagiarism very
seriously. One small mistake when you are young can have repercussions
way down the line and ruin your career and reputation.

5. • Editing and proofreading services can help. Upon request, editors will
examine your writing for plagiarism. But what do you do then? How can
you use the information without committing academic or professional
dishonesty?
• You must cite the source. Then you have two options.
• 1. Use direct quotation.
• Shorten the quotation as much as possible using ellipses (…) to indicate
places you have omitted words and use quotation marks.

6. • 2. Paraphrase.
• This is tricky. Writers often take a quote and swap out a few words. That is
still plagiarism.
• You need to read and understand the ideas expressed. Break the quotation
down into smaller ideas. Then try to extract the main idea. Put THAT in
your own words using a completely different sentence structure.
• If the original author uses details or examples to illustrate, do not use them.
Try to come up with your own. Even if your wording is less elegant and
your examples less apt, readers will prefer them. They want your
perspective of a topic and the details or examples you come up with. Give
the information a new spin.

7. • Polished Paper LLC, 1923 Bragg St. #140-2376
• USA (United State of America)
• Sanford
• North Carolina
• 27330
• Phone number: 1-855-974-4102
• Email-info@polishedpaper.com
• https://www.facebook.com/PolishedPaper
• https://twitter.com/PolishedPaper
• https://plus.google.com/+PolishedpaperLLC
• https://www.linkedin.com/company/polished-paper-llc