a. Assuming that the desired rate of return is 15%, determine the net present value for the proposal. (If required, round to the nearest dollar.) Use the table of the present value of $1 presented above.
Solution
Solution :
.
1. The document provides examples of time value of money problems involving present value, future value, interest rates, and number of periods calculations. It gives the calculations for various cash flows received or paid in different periods with different interest rates.
2. It includes problems calculating NPV for projects such as factories, machines, and ships where the cash flows include costs, revenues, operating costs, refit costs, and salvage value over multiple periods.
3. The last examples calculate the amount of annual savings needed to buy a boat in 5 years and the annual annuity payment an individual can expect based on investing a present value over their life expectancy.
ACC206 Week Five ProblemsPlease complete the following 5 exercis.docxannetnash8266
ACC206 Week Five Problems
Please complete the following 5 exercises below in either Excel or a word document (but must be single document). You must show your work where appropriate (leaving the calculations within Excel cells is acceptable). Save the document, and submit it in the appropriate week using the Assignment Submission button.
1. Basic present value calculations
Calculate the present value of the following cash flows, rounding to the nearest dollar:
a. A single cash inflow of $12,000 in five years, discounted at a 12% rate of return.
b. An annual receipt of $16,000 over the next 12 years, discounted at a 14% rate of return.
c. A single receipt of $15,000 at the end of Year 1 followed by a single receipt of $10,000 at the end of Year 3. The company has a 10% rate of return.
d. An annual receipt of $8,000 for three years followed by a single receipt of $10,000 at the end of Year 4. The company has a 16% rate of return.
2. Cash flow calculationsand net present value
On January 2, 20X1, Bruce Greene invested $10,000 in the stock market and purchased 500 shares of Heartland Development, Inc. Heartland paid cash dividends of $2.60 per share in 20X1 and 20X2; the dividend was raised to $3.10 per share in 20X3. On December 31, 20X3, Greene sold his holdings and generated proceeds of $13,000. Greene uses the net-present- value method and desires a 16% return on investments.
a. Prepare a chronological list of the investment's cash flows. Note: Greene is entitled to the 20X3 dividend.
b. Compute the investment's net present value, rounding calculations to the nearest dollar.
c. Given the results of part (b), should Greene have acquired the Heartland stock? Briefly explain.
3. Straightforwardnet present value and internal rate of return
The City of Bedford is studying a 600-acre site on Route 356 for a new landfill. The startup cost has been calculated as follows:
Purchase cost: $450 per acre
Site preparation: $175,000
The site can be used for 20 years before it reaches capacity. Bedford, which shares a facility in Bath Township with other municipalities, estimates that the new location will save $40,000 in annual operating costs.
a. Should the landfill be acquired if Bedford desires an 8% return on its investment? Use the net-present-value method to determine your answer.
4. Straightforward net-present-value and payback computations
STL Entertainment is considering the acquisition of a sight-seeing boat for summer tours along the Mississippi River. The following information is available:
Cost of boat
$500,000
Service life
10 summer seasons
Disposal value at the end of 10 seasons
$100,000
Capacity per trip
300 passengers
Fixed operating costs per season (including straight-line depreciation)
$160,000
Variable operating costs per trip
$1,000
Ticket price
$5 per passenger
All operating costs, except depreciation, require cash outlays. On the basis of similar operations in other parts of the country, manageme.
The document discusses various bond and stock valuation problems.
For the first problem, the bonds have a coupon rate of 8% and yield to maturity of 8%, so the current market price is $1,000, the par value. If yield to maturity is 9%, the market price would be less than par value at $960.
For Snyder Computer Chips, the stock is valued using a multistage dividend discount model to reflect a period of supernormal growth slowing to a constant growth rate. The calculated current stock price is $25.23.
For preferred stock paying $5 annual dividends and selling at $60, the required rate of return is 8.33%.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on basic tools of finance. It begins with 10 multiple choice questions covering topics like major stock markets, stock price to earnings ratios, and reasons to invest in mutual funds. It then provides definitions for key terms in finance like present value, future value, and risk aversion. Several key formulas are presented for calculating future value using compounding and present value using discounting. An example of how compounding works is shown along with the effects of different interest rates on future values over time.
The document discusses the time value of money concept. It explains that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future due to factors like interest rates and the ability to earn interest on money over time. It also discusses the difference between future value, which measures the worth of cash flows after time has passed, and present value, which measures the current worth of future cash flows. Formulas are provided for calculating future value, present value, and the value of annuities over time discounted at a given interest rate. Examples are included to demonstrate calculations.
This chapter discusses discounted cash flow valuation and concepts related to future and present value of multiple cash flows. It covers annuities, perpetuities, loan amortization, and effective annual rates. Examples are provided to illustrate computing future and present values of cash flows occurring at different times, as well as growing annuities and perpetuities. Key formulas and the distinctions between annual percentage rates, effective annual rates, and stated interest rates are also explained.
PA 1c. Decision VariablesabcdCalculated values0.21110.531110.09760.docxgerardkortney
PA 1c. Decision VariablesabcdCalculated values0.21110.531110.09760.16019TotalObjective Function0.860.940.930.850.90772Constraints1111110.774-0.094-0.093-0.0850.09077>=0-0.0860.846-0.093-0.0850.40847>=0-0.086-0.0940.837-0.0851.90E-17>=0-0.086-0.094-0.0930.7650.04539>=00.94-2.790.22693>=00.86-1.86-2.00E-16>=0-0.129-0.141-0.13950.72256.90E-17>=0
a.
Let the weights be a, b, c and d to midterm, final, individual assignment and Participation respectively.
Korey would like to maximize the course grade. Therefore the course grade (Maximization):
=0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d
Restrictions to course grade working: a+b+c+d=1
The weights must be non-negative, Non negativity constraints: a, b, c, d ≥ 0
The four components for each should determine 10% of the sum of the grade at least.
0.86a ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.86a ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.774a – 0.094b – 0.093c -0.085d ≥ 0
0.94b ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0846b ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.846b – 0.086a – 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.93c ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.93c ≥ 0.086a +0.094b +0.093c + 0.085d
0.837c – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.85d ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.85d ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.765d – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.093c ≥ 0
Here it is three times the particular assignment grade.
0.94b ≥ 3(0.93c)
0.94b ≥ 2.79c
0.94b – 2.79c ≥ 0
Midterm grade must count at least twice as much as the individual assignment score.
0.86a ≥ 2(0.93c)
0.86a ≥ 1.86c
0.86a – 1.86c ≥ 0
The presence of the grade should be less than the 15% of the whole grade.
0.85d ≤ 0.15(0.86a + 0.94b +0.93c +0.85d)
0.85d ≤ 0.129a + 0.141b +0.1395c + 0.1275d
0.7225d – 00.129a – 0.141b – 0.1395c ≥ 0
b.
The complete optimization model is Course grade (Maximization):
= 0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d
a+b+c+d=1
0.774a – 0.094b - 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.846b – 0.086a – 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.837c – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.765d – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.093c ≥ 0
0.94b – 2.79c ≥ 0
0.86a – 1.86c ≥ 0
0.7225d – 0.129a – 0.141b – 0.1395c ≥ 0
c.
Therefore midterm weights should be 21%, final weights 53%, individual assignment 10%, Participation should be 16%.
The maximum course grade is 90%.
PA 5b.Rosenberg Land DevelopmentDataOneTwoThreeBedroomBedroomBedroomUnitUnitUnit1BR2BR3BRAvailableConstruction cost$450,000$600,000$750,000$180,000,000Total units325Profit/ unit$45,000$60,000$75,000Minimum15%25%25%ModelTotalUnits Build4067162270Minimum406767Construction cost$18,202,247$40,449,438$121,348,315$180,000,000Contribution in profit$1,820,225$4,044,944$12,134,831$18,000,000c.ModelTotalUnits Build4981195325Minimum498181Construction cost$21,937,500$48,750,000$146,250,000$216,937,500Contribution in profit$2,193,750$4,875,000$14,625,000$21,693,750
a.
1BR = number of one bedroom units produced
2BR = number of two bedroom units produced
3BR = number of three bedroom units produced
Maximize Total Profit = $45,000 (1BR) + $60,000 (2BR) + $75,000 (3BR)
(1BR) + (2BR) + (.
This document contains 41 multiple choice questions regarding time value of money concepts. The questions cover a range of topics including calculating future and present values, interest rates, annuities, bonds, loans, and other financial calculations. The correct answers to each question are also provided.
1. The document provides examples of time value of money problems involving present value, future value, interest rates, and number of periods calculations. It gives the calculations for various cash flows received or paid in different periods with different interest rates.
2. It includes problems calculating NPV for projects such as factories, machines, and ships where the cash flows include costs, revenues, operating costs, refit costs, and salvage value over multiple periods.
3. The last examples calculate the amount of annual savings needed to buy a boat in 5 years and the annual annuity payment an individual can expect based on investing a present value over their life expectancy.
ACC206 Week Five ProblemsPlease complete the following 5 exercis.docxannetnash8266
ACC206 Week Five Problems
Please complete the following 5 exercises below in either Excel or a word document (but must be single document). You must show your work where appropriate (leaving the calculations within Excel cells is acceptable). Save the document, and submit it in the appropriate week using the Assignment Submission button.
1. Basic present value calculations
Calculate the present value of the following cash flows, rounding to the nearest dollar:
a. A single cash inflow of $12,000 in five years, discounted at a 12% rate of return.
b. An annual receipt of $16,000 over the next 12 years, discounted at a 14% rate of return.
c. A single receipt of $15,000 at the end of Year 1 followed by a single receipt of $10,000 at the end of Year 3. The company has a 10% rate of return.
d. An annual receipt of $8,000 for three years followed by a single receipt of $10,000 at the end of Year 4. The company has a 16% rate of return.
2. Cash flow calculationsand net present value
On January 2, 20X1, Bruce Greene invested $10,000 in the stock market and purchased 500 shares of Heartland Development, Inc. Heartland paid cash dividends of $2.60 per share in 20X1 and 20X2; the dividend was raised to $3.10 per share in 20X3. On December 31, 20X3, Greene sold his holdings and generated proceeds of $13,000. Greene uses the net-present- value method and desires a 16% return on investments.
a. Prepare a chronological list of the investment's cash flows. Note: Greene is entitled to the 20X3 dividend.
b. Compute the investment's net present value, rounding calculations to the nearest dollar.
c. Given the results of part (b), should Greene have acquired the Heartland stock? Briefly explain.
3. Straightforwardnet present value and internal rate of return
The City of Bedford is studying a 600-acre site on Route 356 for a new landfill. The startup cost has been calculated as follows:
Purchase cost: $450 per acre
Site preparation: $175,000
The site can be used for 20 years before it reaches capacity. Bedford, which shares a facility in Bath Township with other municipalities, estimates that the new location will save $40,000 in annual operating costs.
a. Should the landfill be acquired if Bedford desires an 8% return on its investment? Use the net-present-value method to determine your answer.
4. Straightforward net-present-value and payback computations
STL Entertainment is considering the acquisition of a sight-seeing boat for summer tours along the Mississippi River. The following information is available:
Cost of boat
$500,000
Service life
10 summer seasons
Disposal value at the end of 10 seasons
$100,000
Capacity per trip
300 passengers
Fixed operating costs per season (including straight-line depreciation)
$160,000
Variable operating costs per trip
$1,000
Ticket price
$5 per passenger
All operating costs, except depreciation, require cash outlays. On the basis of similar operations in other parts of the country, manageme.
The document discusses various bond and stock valuation problems.
For the first problem, the bonds have a coupon rate of 8% and yield to maturity of 8%, so the current market price is $1,000, the par value. If yield to maturity is 9%, the market price would be less than par value at $960.
For Snyder Computer Chips, the stock is valued using a multistage dividend discount model to reflect a period of supernormal growth slowing to a constant growth rate. The calculated current stock price is $25.23.
For preferred stock paying $5 annual dividends and selling at $60, the required rate of return is 8.33%.
This document provides a summary of a lecture on basic tools of finance. It begins with 10 multiple choice questions covering topics like major stock markets, stock price to earnings ratios, and reasons to invest in mutual funds. It then provides definitions for key terms in finance like present value, future value, and risk aversion. Several key formulas are presented for calculating future value using compounding and present value using discounting. An example of how compounding works is shown along with the effects of different interest rates on future values over time.
The document discusses the time value of money concept. It explains that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future due to factors like interest rates and the ability to earn interest on money over time. It also discusses the difference between future value, which measures the worth of cash flows after time has passed, and present value, which measures the current worth of future cash flows. Formulas are provided for calculating future value, present value, and the value of annuities over time discounted at a given interest rate. Examples are included to demonstrate calculations.
This chapter discusses discounted cash flow valuation and concepts related to future and present value of multiple cash flows. It covers annuities, perpetuities, loan amortization, and effective annual rates. Examples are provided to illustrate computing future and present values of cash flows occurring at different times, as well as growing annuities and perpetuities. Key formulas and the distinctions between annual percentage rates, effective annual rates, and stated interest rates are also explained.
PA 1c. Decision VariablesabcdCalculated values0.21110.531110.09760.docxgerardkortney
PA 1c. Decision VariablesabcdCalculated values0.21110.531110.09760.16019TotalObjective Function0.860.940.930.850.90772Constraints1111110.774-0.094-0.093-0.0850.09077>=0-0.0860.846-0.093-0.0850.40847>=0-0.086-0.0940.837-0.0851.90E-17>=0-0.086-0.094-0.0930.7650.04539>=00.94-2.790.22693>=00.86-1.86-2.00E-16>=0-0.129-0.141-0.13950.72256.90E-17>=0
a.
Let the weights be a, b, c and d to midterm, final, individual assignment and Participation respectively.
Korey would like to maximize the course grade. Therefore the course grade (Maximization):
=0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d
Restrictions to course grade working: a+b+c+d=1
The weights must be non-negative, Non negativity constraints: a, b, c, d ≥ 0
The four components for each should determine 10% of the sum of the grade at least.
0.86a ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.86a ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.774a – 0.094b – 0.093c -0.085d ≥ 0
0.94b ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0846b ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.846b – 0.086a – 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.93c ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.93c ≥ 0.086a +0.094b +0.093c + 0.085d
0.837c – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.85d ≥ 0.1 (0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d)
0.85d ≥ 0.086a + 0.094b + 0.093c + 0.085d
0.765d – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.093c ≥ 0
Here it is three times the particular assignment grade.
0.94b ≥ 3(0.93c)
0.94b ≥ 2.79c
0.94b – 2.79c ≥ 0
Midterm grade must count at least twice as much as the individual assignment score.
0.86a ≥ 2(0.93c)
0.86a ≥ 1.86c
0.86a – 1.86c ≥ 0
The presence of the grade should be less than the 15% of the whole grade.
0.85d ≤ 0.15(0.86a + 0.94b +0.93c +0.85d)
0.85d ≤ 0.129a + 0.141b +0.1395c + 0.1275d
0.7225d – 00.129a – 0.141b – 0.1395c ≥ 0
b.
The complete optimization model is Course grade (Maximization):
= 0.86a + 0.94b + 0.93c + 0.85d
a+b+c+d=1
0.774a – 0.094b - 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.846b – 0.086a – 0.093c – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.837c – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.085d ≥ 0
0.765d – 0.086a – 0.094b – 0.093c ≥ 0
0.94b – 2.79c ≥ 0
0.86a – 1.86c ≥ 0
0.7225d – 0.129a – 0.141b – 0.1395c ≥ 0
c.
Therefore midterm weights should be 21%, final weights 53%, individual assignment 10%, Participation should be 16%.
The maximum course grade is 90%.
PA 5b.Rosenberg Land DevelopmentDataOneTwoThreeBedroomBedroomBedroomUnitUnitUnit1BR2BR3BRAvailableConstruction cost$450,000$600,000$750,000$180,000,000Total units325Profit/ unit$45,000$60,000$75,000Minimum15%25%25%ModelTotalUnits Build4067162270Minimum406767Construction cost$18,202,247$40,449,438$121,348,315$180,000,000Contribution in profit$1,820,225$4,044,944$12,134,831$18,000,000c.ModelTotalUnits Build4981195325Minimum498181Construction cost$21,937,500$48,750,000$146,250,000$216,937,500Contribution in profit$2,193,750$4,875,000$14,625,000$21,693,750
a.
1BR = number of one bedroom units produced
2BR = number of two bedroom units produced
3BR = number of three bedroom units produced
Maximize Total Profit = $45,000 (1BR) + $60,000 (2BR) + $75,000 (3BR)
(1BR) + (2BR) + (.
This document contains 41 multiple choice questions regarding time value of money concepts. The questions cover a range of topics including calculating future and present values, interest rates, annuities, bonds, loans, and other financial calculations. The correct answers to each question are also provided.
CFA LEVEL 1- Time Value of Money_compressed (1).pdfAlison Tutors
This document focuses on End of Chapter questions and commonly asked questions under Quantitative methods (Time Value of Money ) . The mainly asked questions include :
-calculation and interpretation of Future Value and Present Value of a single sum of money , an ordinary annuity, annuity due, a perpetuity (PV only) and a series of unequal cash flows.
-demonstration of the use of timelines in modeling and solving time value of money
This is a very interesting topic!
The document discusses the time value of money and various time value of money concepts. It begins by outlining key concepts like future value, present value, compounding and discounting. It then provides examples and formulas for calculating future and present value of single amounts and annuities. These include factors like interest rate, compounding periods, time horizon. The document also discusses related concepts like loan amortization, effective interest rates and annual percentage yield.
This document provides a guide for the UOP QRB 501 Final Exam with 30 multiple choice questions covering topics such as simple and compound interest, percentages, discounts, markups, and financial calculations. It includes the questions, possible answer choices, and the solutions to each question. The guide aims to help students prepare for and pass the QRB 501 Final Exam.
This document provides class notes for the ACCA Paper F9 Financial Management exam. It includes an introduction to the exam structure and syllabus. The contents section lists 12 chapters that will be covered, including topics like investment appraisal techniques, cost of capital, and working capital management. Formulas that will be provided in the exam, such as net present value, weighted average cost of capital, and annuity tables, are also included for reference.
This document provides class notes for the ACCA Paper F9 Financial Management exam. It includes an introduction to the exam structure and syllabus. The contents section lists 12 chapters that will be covered, including topics like investment appraisal techniques, cost of capital, and working capital management. Formulas that will be provided in the exam, such as net present value, weighted average cost of capital, and annuity tables, are also included for reference.
The document describes the Monte Carlo method for modeling risk and uncertainty in complex systems. It was developed in the 1940s by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory to simulate neutron diffusion for nuclear weapons design. The method uses random numbers and distributions to generate multiple scenarios and outcomes. It captures variability that traditional single- or multi-point estimates cannot. The document provides an example of using Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the financial risks and returns of a potential business acquisition under different leverage and exit multiple scenarios.
The document discusses concepts related to the time value of money, including formulas for calculating future value and present value. Specifically, it provides formulas for calculating the future and present value of single amounts, annuities, perpetuities, and growing annuities. It also discusses concepts like effective interest rates, loan amortization schedules, and the relationship between nominal and effective rates for different compounding periods.
The document discusses capital budgeting techniques used to evaluate investment projects. It covers net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted cash flow analysis. NPV is calculated by taking the present value of future cash inflows and subtracting the present value of cash outflows. IRR is the discount rate at which NPV equals zero. When evaluating projects, firms seek to accept projects with positive NPV or IRR higher than the required rate of return or cost of capital. The examples demonstrate calculating NPV and IRR for sample projects at different discount rates to determine if the projects should be accepted or rejected.
ChapterTool KitChapter 6112018Risk and Return6-1 Investment RetuJinElias52
ChapterTool KitChapter 611/20/18Risk and Return6-1 Investment Returns and RiskAmount invested$1,000Amount received in one year$1,100Dollar return (Profit)$100Rate of return = Profit/Investment =10%6-2 Measuring Risk for Discrete DistributionsThe relationship between risk and return is a fundamental axiom in finance. Generally speaking, it is totally logical to assume that investors are only willing to assume additional risk if they are adequately compensated with additional return. This idea is rather fundamental, but the difficulty in finance arises from interpreting the exact nature of this relationship (accepting that risk aversion differs from investor to investor). Risk and return interact to determine security prices, hence it is of paramount importance in finance.A listing of possible outcomes and their probabilities is called a probability distribution, as shown below.ScenarioProbability of ScenarioRate of Return in ScenarioBest Case0.3037%Most Likely0.4011%Worst Case0.30−15%1.00Figure 6-1Discrete Probability Distribution for Three ScenariosGiven the probabilities and the outcomes for possible returns, it is possible to calculate the expected return and standard deviation.Figure 6-2Calculating Expected Returns and Standard Deviations: Discrete ProbabilitiesINPUTS:Expected ReturnStandard DeviationScenarioProbability of Scenario
(1)Market Rate of Return
(2)Product of Probability and Return
(3) = (1) × (2) Deviation from Expected Return
(4) = (2) − D66Squared Deviation
(5) = (4)2 Prob. × Sq. Dev.
(6) = (1) × (5)Best Case0.3037%11.1%0.26000.06760.0203Excel functions for finding expected return and standard deviation of discrete eventsMost Likely0.4011%4.4%0.00000.00000.0000Use SUMPRODUCT to find expected return by putting probabilities in first argument array and rates of return in the second argument array.11%Worst Case0.30−15%−4.5%-0.26000.06760.0203=SUMPRODUCT(B63:B65,C63:C65)1.00Exp. ret. = Sum = 11.0% Sum = Variance =0.0406Use SUMPRODUCT to find variance. If the first array has probabilities and the second array subtracts the mean from the array of outcomes and is squared, then this is exactly the calculation shown in the step-by-step manner above to find variance:0.0406Std. Dev. = Square
root of variance =20.1%=SUMPRODUCT(B63:B65,(C63:C65-D66)^2)Note: Calculations are not rounded in intermediate steps.6-3 Risk in a Continuous DistributionIt is possible to add more scenarios.ScenarioPanel A: Probability of Market Return ScenarioPanel B: Probability of Stock Return Scenario Rate of Return in Scenario10.00020.0198-66%20.00110.0307-55%30.00540.0452-44%40.02050.0625-33%50.05750.0806-22%60.12010.0969-11%70.18700.10820%80.21670.112311%90.18700.108222%100.12010.096933%110.05750.080644%120.02050.062555%130.00540.045266%140.00110.030777%150.00020.019888%1.00001.0000Average =11.0%11.0%Std. dev. =20.2%36.2%Figure 6-3Discrete Probability Distributions for 15 ScenariosPanel A: Market Return for 15 Scenarios: Standard Devati ...
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CFA LEVEL 1- Time Value of Money_compressed (1).pdfAlison Tutors
This document focuses on End of Chapter questions and commonly asked questions under Quantitative methods (Time Value of Money ) . The mainly asked questions include :
-calculation and interpretation of Future Value and Present Value of a single sum of money , an ordinary annuity, annuity due, a perpetuity (PV only) and a series of unequal cash flows.
-demonstration of the use of timelines in modeling and solving time value of money
This is a very interesting topic!
The document discusses the time value of money and various time value of money concepts. It begins by outlining key concepts like future value, present value, compounding and discounting. It then provides examples and formulas for calculating future and present value of single amounts and annuities. These include factors like interest rate, compounding periods, time horizon. The document also discusses related concepts like loan amortization, effective interest rates and annual percentage yield.
This document provides a guide for the UOP QRB 501 Final Exam with 30 multiple choice questions covering topics such as simple and compound interest, percentages, discounts, markups, and financial calculations. It includes the questions, possible answer choices, and the solutions to each question. The guide aims to help students prepare for and pass the QRB 501 Final Exam.
This document provides class notes for the ACCA Paper F9 Financial Management exam. It includes an introduction to the exam structure and syllabus. The contents section lists 12 chapters that will be covered, including topics like investment appraisal techniques, cost of capital, and working capital management. Formulas that will be provided in the exam, such as net present value, weighted average cost of capital, and annuity tables, are also included for reference.
This document provides class notes for the ACCA Paper F9 Financial Management exam. It includes an introduction to the exam structure and syllabus. The contents section lists 12 chapters that will be covered, including topics like investment appraisal techniques, cost of capital, and working capital management. Formulas that will be provided in the exam, such as net present value, weighted average cost of capital, and annuity tables, are also included for reference.
The document describes the Monte Carlo method for modeling risk and uncertainty in complex systems. It was developed in the 1940s by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory to simulate neutron diffusion for nuclear weapons design. The method uses random numbers and distributions to generate multiple scenarios and outcomes. It captures variability that traditional single- or multi-point estimates cannot. The document provides an example of using Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the financial risks and returns of a potential business acquisition under different leverage and exit multiple scenarios.
The document discusses concepts related to the time value of money, including formulas for calculating future value and present value. Specifically, it provides formulas for calculating the future and present value of single amounts, annuities, perpetuities, and growing annuities. It also discusses concepts like effective interest rates, loan amortization schedules, and the relationship between nominal and effective rates for different compounding periods.
The document discusses capital budgeting techniques used to evaluate investment projects. It covers net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and discounted cash flow analysis. NPV is calculated by taking the present value of future cash inflows and subtracting the present value of cash outflows. IRR is the discount rate at which NPV equals zero. When evaluating projects, firms seek to accept projects with positive NPV or IRR higher than the required rate of return or cost of capital. The examples demonstrate calculating NPV and IRR for sample projects at different discount rates to determine if the projects should be accepted or rejected.
ChapterTool KitChapter 6112018Risk and Return6-1 Investment RetuJinElias52
ChapterTool KitChapter 611/20/18Risk and Return6-1 Investment Returns and RiskAmount invested$1,000Amount received in one year$1,100Dollar return (Profit)$100Rate of return = Profit/Investment =10%6-2 Measuring Risk for Discrete DistributionsThe relationship between risk and return is a fundamental axiom in finance. Generally speaking, it is totally logical to assume that investors are only willing to assume additional risk if they are adequately compensated with additional return. This idea is rather fundamental, but the difficulty in finance arises from interpreting the exact nature of this relationship (accepting that risk aversion differs from investor to investor). Risk and return interact to determine security prices, hence it is of paramount importance in finance.A listing of possible outcomes and their probabilities is called a probability distribution, as shown below.ScenarioProbability of ScenarioRate of Return in ScenarioBest Case0.3037%Most Likely0.4011%Worst Case0.30−15%1.00Figure 6-1Discrete Probability Distribution for Three ScenariosGiven the probabilities and the outcomes for possible returns, it is possible to calculate the expected return and standard deviation.Figure 6-2Calculating Expected Returns and Standard Deviations: Discrete ProbabilitiesINPUTS:Expected ReturnStandard DeviationScenarioProbability of Scenario
(1)Market Rate of Return
(2)Product of Probability and Return
(3) = (1) × (2) Deviation from Expected Return
(4) = (2) − D66Squared Deviation
(5) = (4)2 Prob. × Sq. Dev.
(6) = (1) × (5)Best Case0.3037%11.1%0.26000.06760.0203Excel functions for finding expected return and standard deviation of discrete eventsMost Likely0.4011%4.4%0.00000.00000.0000Use SUMPRODUCT to find expected return by putting probabilities in first argument array and rates of return in the second argument array.11%Worst Case0.30−15%−4.5%-0.26000.06760.0203=SUMPRODUCT(B63:B65,C63:C65)1.00Exp. ret. = Sum = 11.0% Sum = Variance =0.0406Use SUMPRODUCT to find variance. If the first array has probabilities and the second array subtracts the mean from the array of outcomes and is squared, then this is exactly the calculation shown in the step-by-step manner above to find variance:0.0406Std. Dev. = Square
root of variance =20.1%=SUMPRODUCT(B63:B65,(C63:C65-D66)^2)Note: Calculations are not rounded in intermediate steps.6-3 Risk in a Continuous DistributionIt is possible to add more scenarios.ScenarioPanel A: Probability of Market Return ScenarioPanel B: Probability of Stock Return Scenario Rate of Return in Scenario10.00020.0198-66%20.00110.0307-55%30.00540.0452-44%40.02050.0625-33%50.05750.0806-22%60.12010.0969-11%70.18700.10820%80.21670.112311%90.18700.108222%100.12010.096933%110.05750.080644%120.02050.062555%130.00540.045266%140.00110.030777%150.00020.019888%1.00001.0000Average =11.0%11.0%Std. dev. =20.2%36.2%Figure 6-3Discrete Probability Distributions for 15 ScenariosPanel A: Market Return for 15 Scenarios: Standard Devati ...
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