The scientific method involves 8 steps to investigate natural occurrences: (1) asking a question, (2) researching background information, (3) formulating a hypothesis, (4) conducting an experiment with controls and constants, (5) collecting and analyzing data, (6) drawing a conclusion about whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected, (7) communicating results, and (8) citing references. The document then provides an example of a student, John, applying these steps to test if varying sugar amounts affects the size of bread loaves through controlled experiments.