2. I went
ମୁ ଗଲି
I was going
ମୁ ଯାଉଥିଲି
I had gone
ମୁ ଯାଇଥିଲି
I had been going
ମୁ ଯାଇଆସୁଥିଲି
I will/shall go
ମୁ ଯିବି
I will be going
ମୁ ଯାଉଥିବି
I will have gone
ମୁ ଯାଇଥିବି / ଯାଇସାରିଥିବି
I will have been going
ମୁ ଯାଇଆସୁଥିବି
I go
ମୁ ଯାଏ
I am going
ମୁ ଯାଉଛି
I have gone
ମୁ ଯାଇଛି / ଯାଇଅଛି
I have been going
ମୁ ଯାଇଆସୁଅଛି
Present Past Future
3. Simple Present
In Simple present tense we use the adverbs like always, often, never, usually, sometimes,
rarely etc.
Ex : I always get up early.
Bikash comes school in time everyday.
Subash never tells lie.
Simple present tense is used in scientific truth, laws of nature, general truth
Ex : Sun rises in the East.
Milk is white in colour.
Simple present tense is used in present or permanent fact.
Ex : My father is a farmer.
Our school is situated at Rourkela.
I study at a school near my village.
Simple Present is used for planned future action or fixed time table.
Ex : Our Prime Minister visits Pakistan tomorrow.
The Annual HSC Exam starts next week.
4. Exercise on Simple Present
1. Put the correct verb form in the place provided.
• You ___ to school. (go / goes )
• My father ___ for office at 10 a.m. (leave / leaves)
• Asish ____ guitar. (play / plays)
• ____Amit play guitar ? (do / does)
• I ____ late on Saturday. (sleep / sleeps)
• Does he ____ some help ? (need / needs)
• Kids _____cartoon. (watch / watches)
• They _____ hocky in the ground (play / plays)
• Namita always ______ in dance competition. (participate / participates)
5. Exercise on Simple Present
2. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
The patient takes medicine on time.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Children play with toys.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Mrs. P. Mohapatra is our Headmaster.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Nikhil speaks loudly.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Majid is a good artist.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Kele draws beautiful pictures.
Interrogative :
Negative :
We like virtual class.
Interrogative :
Negative :
The earth moves around the Sun.
Interrogative :
Negative :
6. Present Continuous / Present Progressive
In Present continuous there is an auxiliary ‘be’ verb with ‘ing’.
Ex : Namita is dancing.
We are looking at the Smart Board
Teacher is teaching English now.
Present Continuous is used in temporary action of present.
Ex : Ganesh walks to school everyday, but today he is going by bi-cycle.
Present Continuous is used when we talk about changing condition
Ex : Lifestyle of the people is changing very fast.
Population of the country is rising up rapidly.
Present continuous is used when we talk about something unpleasant feeling of anger,
irritation (with always, for ever, constantly)
Ex : He is always losing his key.
My scooter is always giving me trouble.
Some students are always creating noise in the class.
This cat is always getting into the kitchen
7. Exercise on Present Continuous
2. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
It is raining outside.
Interrogative :
Negative :
We are watching KBC.
Interrogative :
Negative :
They are sitting at the library.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Teacher is taking our attendance
Interrogative :
Negative :
Bikash is drawing a picture.
Interrogative :
Negative :
You are telling lie.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Construction work is going on in our school.
Interrogative :
Negative :
8. Present Perfect
Present Perfect is used in actions completed in past but result / effect can be seen at
present.
Ex : I have polished my shoes.
Susant has written a letter to her mother.
I have lost my pen
I have lost my pen yesterday evening. (definite past time is not used in present
perfect)
Adverbs like just, ever, never, lately, recently, already take present perfect.
Ex : I have already told you the truth.
The taxi has just arrived.
Sanjeev has not returned from the school yet.
In the below mentioned example Present perfect is used for the writer who is alive
but simple past is used for the writer who is dead.
Ex : Chetan Bhagat has written many novels.
Nehru wrote many books on Nationalism.
Use of ‘since’ and ‘for’
• We have lived in this house for five years.
• I have waited for the doctor since 4 pm.
9. Exercise on Present Perfect
1. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
I have completed my homework.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Tara has polished her shoes.
Interrogative :
Negative :
You have scored A1 in exam.
Interrogative :
Negative :
They have submitted the exam fees.
Interrogative :
Negative :
We have got the first prize.
Interrogative :
Negative :
10. Exercise on Present Perfect
Make sentences in the Present Perfect using the words given. If required, you may use some more words to
complete the sentence.
1. ever / you / been / to Kashmir ?
Ans. Have you ever been to Kashmir ?
2. Never / I / see / a ghost / in my life
Ans. I.............................................................................
3. My younger brother / not finish / his homework / yet.
Ans. My younger brother...........................................................
4. It / first time / I / take / a public examination.
Ans. It............................................................................
5. He / the best boy / I / come across
Ans. He.............................................................................
6. Who / you / ever / visit / the Taj Mahal ?
Ans. Who.............................................................................
7. He / only player / that / got / a chance / to play / international cricket match.
Ans. He..........................................................................................
11. Exercise on Present Perfect
Use Since or For as required in the following dialogue :
A. ________when have you waited for the doctor ?
B. I have waited for the doctor ________ 6 pm.
A. Would you wait for him_______ two hours more ?
B. No. I have already waited long. I understand my friend has waited for me at home _______9 a.m.
I would like to see him at once.
12. Present Perfect Continuous
Action started in the past and continuing till now.
Ex : His hands are dirty. He has been working in the garden.
It has been raining for three hours.
Exercise on Present Perfect Continuous
Complete the sentences using the words given in brackets : Use the Present Perfect or the
Present Perfect Progressive as required.
(i) Anita - You look very tired, Amit.
Amit - I have been working hard all day.
(ii) How long has it been raining ?
Ans. It _________________________________________for three days.
(iii) What have you been doing all morning ?
Ans. I __________________________________________(work out sums).
(iv) How long have you stayed here ?
Ans. I ____________________________________________(for a week).
(v) How long have you swum in the river ?
Ans. I _____________________________________________in the river for two
hours.
13. Exercise on Present Perfect Continuous
(vi) Sabita is ill. She is still under treatment.
Ans. The doctor _________________________________ (treat, Sabita)
(vii) We are at the station for the last two hours. Our parents haven't come yet.
Ans. We ____________________________________________________(wait, at the station, for our parents, the
last two hours.)
(viii) The lion attacked its keeper. He is dead now.
Ans. The lion ___________________________________________________(kill, its keeper)
B. Make sentences using the present perfect progressive form of the verbs given in brackets.
1. Mrs Das is very tired. (work hard)
2. Mr Das looks pale. (not feel well / all day)
3. Their son Ashok has got a headache. (watch TV / all evening)
4. Their daughter Bini has got no money left. (buy dresses)
5. They are sitting idle and can't do anything. (rain / since the evening)
14. Identify the tense form of the following sentences (Simple Present,
Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous):-
• Milk is white in colour.
• My father is a farmer.
• Priti lives in Rourkela.
• Asish is watching movie.
• Vivek has completed his homework
• Nikhil has been staying in Jhirpani for ten years.
• I have just reached.
• Chetan Bhagat has written many books.
• Rakesh has been to Kanyakumari
• My scooter is always giving me trouble
• My name is Rosni.
15. Simple Past
Action that began and ended in the past. It has no effect on present
Ex : India became free in 1947.
I was a student of Govt. High School, Jhirpani
• Used to and would are also used in simple past too
Exercise on Simple Past
1. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
Anand went to his uncle’s place.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Gautam was a student of this school.
Interrogative :
Negative :
We celebrated Independence Day on 15th Aug.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Suraj was absent in the class for two weeks
Interrogative :
Negative :
Aditya lost his pen yesterday
Interrogative :
Negative :
16. Exercise on Simple Past
1. Complete the following conversation, using either the past simple or the present perfect form:-
Ashok : What are these people doing here ? What (happen) ?
Bini : There (be) an accident.
Ashok : An accident ? What (happen) exactly ?
Bini : A cat (run) across the road in front of a car. The driver (try) to
apply the brake and (hit) the tree on the side of the road.
Ashok : When (it happen) ?
Bini : About ten minutes ago.
Ashok : (anyone call) for an ambulance ?
Bini : No, not yet. But the police (arrive). They will take care of that.
Ashok : This is the second accident we (have) here this week.
Bini : We should have a hump here.
2. Fill in the blanks with the past simple or present perfect forms of the verbs given in brackets :
Bakul : ______________ (you / see) Jagu last night ?
Pikul: No, but I ________________(just come) from his house. He's in bed. He___________(be) very
ill for the last three days.
Bakul : I'm sorry to hear that. So that's why he ____________________(not come) to
the party last night.
Pikul: The doctor __________________ (see) him twice by now. He's coming again
tomorrow. Oh, by the way, Jagu _______________(send) your book.
17. Past Continuous
Action that was in progress in the past. It has no effect on present
Ex : My sister was watching TV last night.
I was reading a book.
Exercise on Past Continuous
Fill in the blanks using the past simple or the past progressive forms of the verbs given in
brackets.
Once when I __________(read) in my room, I __________(hear) a lot of noise outside.
I ____________(come) out and ___________(see) that many people ____________(run)
in a particular direction. They __________(shout) at the top of their voice. They all
__________(have) buckets and water pots in their hands. I ______________(ask) them
what the matter was. Somebody ____________(point) at a house at the end of our village.
I ______________(see) that the house ______________(burn). People
_______________(throw) water at the house in order to put out the fire. Very soon the fire
_____________(come) under control.
18. Past Perfect
When two actions took place in the past, past perfect tense is used to express the
former action
Ex : When we reached the station, the train had left.
The thief had gone when the police arrived.
If both the action happened in the same time in the past, simple past tense is used.
Ex : When she saw the dark shadow, she screamed.
Exercise on Past Perfect
• Harsika (clear) ___________________the table after everyone (eat) ________.
• When I (finish)________________ my bath, my mother _______________(complete) her cooking.
• The baby ________________(cry) before her father came.
• I _________(never, see) a beautiful beach before I went to Puri.
• Bishal began to run after he _____________(see) the cat.
19. Past Perfect Continuous
Past perfect continuous tense is used to express an action that was started in the past and
continued until a specific time in the past
Ex : Sikha was tired as she had been travelling continuously for three days.
Exercise on Past Perfect Continuous
• Teacher _____________(be) angry because the students ________________( shout) the whole day .
• Rohit ______________________(play) all day before his mother arrived from work.
• Srikant’s family ___________________(stay) in Rourkela for five years when his father got transferred
to another city.
20. Simple Future
• Modals like shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, need, must express simple
future. Mostly ‘shall’ and ‘will’ are used.
• Shall and Will are used for the unplanned future action.
Ex : Wait a minute. I will come with you.
The phone is ringing. I will answer it.
• Sometimes we use simple present and present continuous for future action which has
fixed schedule (unchangeable) or any fact.
Ex : Tomorrow is Sunday.
The train leaves at 9 am.
Our exam starts next week.
PM Modi visits US tomorrow
We are leaving for Puri tomorrow.
Match begins at 4 pm.
Anis is going to quit this job.
21. Exercise on Simple Future
1. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
Saina will do hard labour for her exam.
Interrogative :
Negative :
I shall sleep in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Bishal will wait for me tomorrow.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sneha will travel around the world next week.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sanjeev will clean the kitchen tomorrow in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
22. Future Continuous
Future continuous tense is used to express that something is going to happen in the future and
continue for a period of time.
Ex : I will be doing my HW at 12 pm tomorrow.
1. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
Saina will be doing hard labour for her exam.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Rahul will be sleeping in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Bishal will be waiting for me tomorrow.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sneha will be travelling around the world next week.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sanjeev will be cleaning the kitchen tomorrow in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
• Durga will be celebrating his 15th birthday next month.
Interrogative :
Negative :
23. Exercise on Future Continuous
• I _________________ (have)my dinner at 9 am.
• Anuj _________________(watch) a movie this Sunday.
• Gulam _________________(read) his favourite story at 10 pm.
• He _____________________(wait) for you in the park.
• Tomorrow at this time Mukesh ____________________(sit) at Puri beach.
24. Future Perfect
Future perfect tense is used for an action which is expected to be completed in future.
Ex : I will have completed 3 years of teaching by March 2023.
1. Make negative and interrogative of the following sentences :-
Saina will have done hard labour for her exam.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Rahul will have slept in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Bishal will have walked for 2 km before reaching school.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sneha will have travelled around the world next week.
Interrogative :
Negative :
Sanjeev will have cleaned the kitchen tomorrow in the afternoon.
Interrogative :
Negative :
25. Future Perfect Continuous
Future perfect continuous is used for actions that continue for some time before ending in the
future.
Ex : I will have been studying for 2 hours before you come here.
Exercise on Future Perfect Continuous
1. We ______________________(study) in this school for nine years by April 2023.
2. My Father ________________________(work) in defense for 15 years by this January.
3. The farmers _____________________(sow) crops by the end of the next month.
26. Some other ways of expressing future
• The are to be married next month.
• There is to be an investigation .
• I am to inform you that I will be absent in the class
• You are to be back by 5 pm.
• You have to be back by 5 pm.
• You must be back by 5 pm.
• What is to be done about this problem.
• Is he is to pass the exam he must work harder
27. Sum up :-
1. Simple Present : 1st form / present form of the verb (no auxiliary needed)
is, am , are work as main verb, ‘s’, or ‘es’ is used in case of third person singular number
2. Present continuous : is / am/ are + verb(ing)
3. Present Perfect : has / have + past participle form or 3rd form of the verb
4. Present Perfect Continuous : has / have + been + verb (ing)
1. Simple Past : 2nd form / Past form of the verb (no auxiliary needed)
was, were work as main verb
2. Past continuous : was /were + verb(ing)
3. Past Perfect : had + past participle form or 3rd form of the verb
4. Past Perfect Continuous : had + been + verb (ing)
1. Simple Future : shall / will / is going to / am going to / are going to
2. Future continuous : will + be + verb(ing)
3. Future Perfect : will + have + past participle form or 3rd form of the verb
4. Future Perfect Continuous : will + have + been + verb (ing)
28. Identify tense form of the sentences given below.
• I am a students of Govt. High School, Jhirpani
• Arjun will go to Delhi next week.
• Anand has been working in this office since 2010.
• Sneha has already collected the Puja fee.
• Subash is driving a car.
• All students have watched Bahubali movie.
• I watched Bahubali movie yesterday.
• When I reached at party Manisha had cut the cake.
• Dilbar has been staying in hostel since 2019
• Sweety had been studying in this school till 2022.
• Abinash will be the class monitor next month.
