This document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what someone said without quotation marks. Some examples provided show how to change direct speech into the corresponding indirect speech by modifying pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and changing present tenses into past tenses.

1. Direct speech
vs
Indirect speech
(reported speech)

2. Internet secret code
BF
Boy friend
BFF
Best friends forever
J4U
Just for you
HRU
How are you
IC
I see
LMK
Let me know
MU
Miss you
PLS
Please
2moro
tomorrow

3. • Direct Speech: She says, “I am a little bit nervous.”
• Indirect Speech: She says that she is a little bit nervous.
• Direct Speech: She says, “She sang a song.”
• Indirect Speech: She says that she sang a song.
• Direct Speech: You say, “I shall visit London.”
• Indirect Speech: You say that you will visit London.

4. •Direct speech: I like ice cream.
•Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
But
•Direct speech: I like ice cream.
•Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

7. Direct speech Indirect speech

9.  "It is too late." - I said it ________too late.
was
 "I have replied." - He claimed that _______
he had replied
 "I met you yesterday." - Sam told me he had met me ________
the previous day / the day before
 "I cannot come." - Mary explained that _______
she could not come
 "I will pay tomorrow." - He said he would pay ________
the next day / the following day
 "The Himalayas are the highest." - He knew that the Himalayas _____the highest.
are / were
 "I may lend you some money." - Bill promised _______some money.
he might lend me

10.  "I have been watching a film." - He replied that ________a film.
he had been watching
 "Claire must rest." - The doctor said Claire ________
had to rest
 "I have not done it today." - I explained that I had not done it _______
that day
 "If I was younger, I would accept it." - He thought that if ______younger, he would
accept it.
he was
 "I was with him last week." - Jill admitted that ________with him the previous week.
she had been
 "I am calling my mum." - She said she _____her mum.
was calling