Types of Organisation and their Structure
Line Organisation.
Line and Staff Organisation.
Functional Organisation.
Project Organisation.
Matrix Organisation.
This presentation is about various Forms of Business Organisations and their features, merits and demerits. It also guides an entrepreuner on how to make a choice among various forms of Business Organisations.
Identify and assess different core business structure of an organization and explain how these structure help to achieve the aims of the business.
Identify and compare different types of businesses.
This presentation is about various Forms of Business Organisations and their features, merits and demerits. It also guides an entrepreuner on how to make a choice among various forms of Business Organisations.
Identify and assess different core business structure of an organization and explain how these structure help to achieve the aims of the business.
Identify and compare different types of businesses.
Types of Business Organization, Meaning of Business Organization, Characteristics of Business Organization
Forms of Business Organization
Sole Proprietorship
Meaning of Sole Proprietorship
Features of Sole Proprietorship
Merits of Sole Proprietorship
Demerits of Sole Proprietorship
Hindu Undivided Family
Meaning of Hindu Undivided Family
Features of Hindu Undivided Family
Merits of Hindu Undivided Family
Demerits of Hindu Undivided Family
Partnership
Meaning of Partnership
Features of Partnership
Merits of Partnership
Demerits of Partnership
Types of Partners
Company
Meaning of Company
Features of Company
Merits of Company
Demerits of Company
Types of Companies
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
Meaning of LLP
Features of LLP
Merits of LLP
Demerits of LLP
Co-operatives
Meaning of Co-operatives
Types of Co-operatives
Features of Co-operatives, Merits of Co-operatives
Demerits of Co-operatives
Multi-National Corporations
Meaning of Multi-National Corporations
Features of Multi-National Corporations
Merits of Multi-National Corporations
Demerits of Multi-National Corporations
Edexcel IGCSE Business studies: Section 1 - business and the environment in w...ma63
Section one easy review of Edexcel IGCSE Business Studies. International GCSE. Can also be used for CIE Exams. Quick and easy reviewing. Easy to remember
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Types of Business Organization, Meaning of Business Organization, Characteristics of Business Organization
Forms of Business Organization
Sole Proprietorship
Meaning of Sole Proprietorship
Features of Sole Proprietorship
Merits of Sole Proprietorship
Demerits of Sole Proprietorship
Hindu Undivided Family
Meaning of Hindu Undivided Family
Features of Hindu Undivided Family
Merits of Hindu Undivided Family
Demerits of Hindu Undivided Family
Partnership
Meaning of Partnership
Features of Partnership
Merits of Partnership
Demerits of Partnership
Types of Partners
Company
Meaning of Company
Features of Company
Merits of Company
Demerits of Company
Types of Companies
Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
Meaning of LLP
Features of LLP
Merits of LLP
Demerits of LLP
Co-operatives
Meaning of Co-operatives
Types of Co-operatives
Features of Co-operatives, Merits of Co-operatives
Demerits of Co-operatives
Multi-National Corporations
Meaning of Multi-National Corporations
Features of Multi-National Corporations
Merits of Multi-National Corporations
Demerits of Multi-National Corporations
Edexcel IGCSE Business studies: Section 1 - business and the environment in w...ma63
Section one easy review of Edexcel IGCSE Business Studies. International GCSE. Can also be used for CIE Exams. Quick and easy reviewing. Easy to remember
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
8. types of organisation.pptx
1. Types of Business organisation
• Classified into 2 types,
1.Individual organisation
i)Sole trades
ii)partnership
iii)Joint stock company
iv)Co-operative
v)Multinational companies
2.Government organisation
i)Departmental undertaking
ii)Public corporation
iii)Government company state enterprises
2. 1.Sole Trading
• Business unit owned and controlled by a single individual
called sole trading concern
• Use his own savings for his business
• Purchases, sells and maintains accounts on his own
• He alone enjoys all profits & losses in business
• Sole trader-person who contributes capital and manages the
business
• According to Wheeler, The sole proprietorship is that form
of business organisation which is owned & controlled by a
single individual. He receives all the profits & risks all of
his property in the success or failure of the enterprise.
3. Characteristics of sole proprietorship
1.One man ownership and control
2.Unlimited liability(responsiblity)
3.Enjoyment of entire profit
4.No separate legal entity
5.Simplicity
6.Self employment
7.Secrecy
4. Advantages
*Easy to form & close the business
*Easy for decision making
*Full control of business activities
*Promotes self employment of individual
*Liberal legal formalities to start the business
*Easy to expand or reduce the size of the business
*Easy to accessibility of consumers
*Easy to maintain healthy relations with employee
6. Partnership
• Association of persons who agree to combine their
financial resources & managerial abilities to run a
business & share profits in an agreed ratio
• Need for expansion of business with more capital,better
supervision and control,division of work and spreading
of risk.
• According to Indian partnership act, The relation between
person who have agreed to share the profits of a business
carried on by all or any of them acting for all.
7. Features of partnership
1.Agreement
2.Multiplicity of person
3.Lawful business-legal
4.Sharing of profits
5.Contractual relations
6.Mutual agency-dual role in orgnisation
7.Unlimited liability
8.Registration
9.Common management
10.Utmost good faith
8. Kinds of partners
1.Active partner-represents all others in business
orgnisation
2.Sleeping or dormant partner- does not express
his intention
3.Normal partner
4. Partner in profit only
5. Partner by estoppel- for outsiders belief
6.Sub-partner-strange to contact
7.Secret partner- whose name is not disclosed
8.Minor as a partner-below 18 years.
9. Rights of partner
1.Right to express his option
2.Right of participation
3.Right of access to books
4.Right to share profits
5.Right to get interest on the capital
6.Right of idemnity -protection
10. Advantages:
*Easy to formation
*Registration is not compulsory
*Larger financial resources
*Promptness in decision making
*Risk of business is shared by more persons
*More possibility of growth & expansion of business
*Close supervision is possible and reduces wastages.
*Easy dissolution
11. Disadvantages:
*Unlimited liability increases the dissolution of
firm
*Lack of harmony among partners
*Difficulties in expansion & modernization
*lack of public faith
*Limited resources
*Limitation on transfer of share
12. Joint stock company
• As per the definition, there must a group of persons
who voluntarily agree to form a company.
• Once formed the company becomes a separate legal
entity with a distinct name of its own.
• Its existence not affected by change of members.
• According to lord justice lindleg, By a company,
we mean an association of many persons who
contribute money or money’s worth to a common
stock and employ it in some trade or business and
also share the profit and loss as the case may be
arising there from.
13. Advantages
*Limited liability
*More stable
*Shares are freely transferable
*Company can easily expand
*Company is charged lesser amount of taxes
*Democratic setup is made
*possible for large financial resources
14. Disadvantages
*Time consuming legal formalities
*Lack of motivation
*difficult to maintain resources
*Promotion of frauds
*Delayed decisions and actions
15. Types of companies
(i)On the basis of formation
(a)Statutory company-by special act of parliament
(b)Registered company- companies act
(c)Government company- 51 % is held by the central
government
(ii)On the basis of public interest
(a)Private limited company-minimum paid up capital
(b)Public limited company- large scale
(iii)On the basis of control
(a)Holding company -for ex if company A hold more than
51% of paid up share capital of company B
Then A- holding company, B- subsidiary company
(b)Subsidiary company
16. (iv) On the basis of Nationality
(a)Indian company
(b)Foreign company
(v) On the basis of Area
(a)National company
(b)Multi national company
17. Private limited company
• Minimum paid up capital is Rs.1,00,000
• Minimum number of members is 2
• Limits the number of its members to 50
• Restricts the right to transfer the shares
• Prohibits any invitation to the public to
subscribe the shares
18. Public limited company
• Minimum paid up capital is Rs.5,00,000
• Minimum number member is 7,the maximum
is unlimited
• Capital is collected from the public by issuing
shares
• No restriction on the transfer of shares
• Company should send the financial statement
to members and registrar
• Must have 3 directors
• Necessary to follow certain legal formalities
19. Public Enterprises
• Form of business organisation owned and
managed by the state government or any other
public authority(departmental undertaking)
• Owned and controlled by local or state or central
government
• Whole or most of the investment is made by the
government
• According to N.N.Mallya, Public enterprises are
autonomous or semi autonomous corporations and
companies established, owned and controlled by the
state and engaged in industrial and commercial
activities
20. Characteristics of public enterprises
1.Financed by government
2.Financial Independence
3.Government management
4.Public services
5.Legislative control
6.Monopoly enterprises(eg: Railway, post &
energy production enterprises)
21. Merits:
*Helps in implementing government policy
*Complete government control
*Income for government
*Useful for developing enterprises
*Funds are properly used
Demerits:
*Excessive government interference
*Shortage of competent staff
*Tax burden to public
*Delay
22. Public corporation
• Created by special act of state or central
government (ONGC,FCI)
• Such act defines the power, duties, privileges
and pattern of management of these organisation
• Power of government but possessed with
flexibility & initiative of private enterprises
23. Merits:
*Finance from government
*Internal autonomy
*Free from government interference
*Protect public welfare
*Service to society
*Flexibility
Demerits:
*Limited autonomy
*Misuse of power
*Inefficient operation
*Lack of interest
*Government control
24. Cooperative Organization
• It is a voluntary association of persons for
mutual benefits and it aims are accomplished
through self help and collective effort.
• Every state government has appointed a
registrar of co-operative societies for
registering controlling and supervising the
societies.