The gingiva is the investing tissue of the periodontium that surrounds and is attached to the teeth. It consists of stratified squamous epithelium and an underlying connective tissue. The gingiva has several functions including protecting the underlying structures, withstanding forces of mastication, and maintaining periodontal health through defense mechanisms. Microscopically, it contains keratinized epithelium and fibers that attach it firmly to the tooth and provide rigidity. The gingiva has a blood supply from the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament and lymphatic drainage to regional lymph nodes. Changes in disease include variations in color, size, and consistency as the gingiva becomes edematous from inflammatory fluid
This document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic features of the gingiva. It describes the gingiva's three main parts - marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it details the different types of epithelium and layers that make up the oral, sulcular, and junctional epithelium. It also discusses the cells, fibers, blood and lymphatic supply, and nerve components of the gingiva's connective tissue.
The gingiva is the mucosa that covers the alveolar bone and surrounds the necks of teeth. It consists of marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental gingiva. The marginal gingiva forms a collar around each tooth. The attached gingiva is firm and resilient, attaching the gingiva tightly to the underlying bone. The interdental gingiva occupies the spaces between teeth. Microscopically, the gingiva contains keratinized oral epithelium, non-keratinized sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium that extends along the tooth surface. It has a dense connective tissue layer supplied by blood vessels and nerves.
The gingiva is the investing tissue of the periodontium that surrounds and is attached to the teeth. It consists of stratified squamous epithelium and an underlying connective tissue. The gingiva has several functions including protecting the underlying structures, withstanding forces of mastication, and maintaining periodontal health through defense mechanisms. Microscopically, it contains keratinized epithelium and fibers that attach it firmly to the tooth and provide rigidity. The gingiva has a blood supply from the surrounding bone and periodontal ligament and lymphatic drainage to regional lymph nodes. Changes in disease include variations in color, size, and consistency as the gingiva becomes edematous from inflammatory fluid
This document provides an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic features of the gingiva. It describes the gingiva's three main parts - marginal, attached, and interdental gingiva. Microscopically, it details the different types of epithelium and layers that make up the oral, sulcular, and junctional epithelium. It also discusses the cells, fibers, blood and lymphatic supply, and nerve components of the gingiva's connective tissue.
The gingiva is the mucosa that covers the alveolar bone and surrounds the necks of teeth. It consists of marginal gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental gingiva. The marginal gingiva forms a collar around each tooth. The attached gingiva is firm and resilient, attaching the gingiva tightly to the underlying bone. The interdental gingiva occupies the spaces between teeth. Microscopically, the gingiva contains keratinized oral epithelium, non-keratinized sulcular epithelium, and junctional epithelium that extends along the tooth surface. It has a dense connective tissue layer supplied by blood vessels and nerves.
This study compared the efficacy of four mouthwash solutions in reducing plaque and gingivitis over 6 months in a population with good oral hygiene: 1) two low-dose 0.06% chlorhexidine preparations, 2) a commercially available 0.1% chlorhexidine solution, 3) an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution, and 4) a water control. All solutions reduced plaque levels, but the 0.1% and 0.06% chlorhexidine solutions were more effective at 3 months. The 0.1% chlorhexidine solution also produced greater reductions in gingivitis than the control. However, it also caused more discoloration than potential alternative solutions.
44 윤정현 diet and the microbial aetiology of dental caries new paradigmsdlawogud
This article reviews the evolving theories around the causes of dental caries over the last 120 years. It discusses how early theories focused on deficiencies in diet, but it is now understood that bacteria like Streptococcus mutans play a key role by metabolizing sugars like sucrose in plaque and lowering the pH. While S. mutans was long thought to be the primary cause, more recent studies find a broader range of bacteria are involved. In addition to sugars, starches can also cause caries. Future caries prevention strategies may focus more broadly on targeting plaque acidity and acidogenic microbes, rather than only S. mutans. An optimal diet remains important to reducing caries risk.
15번 김안석 microleakage assessment of fissure sealant following by a fisuuratomy...dlawogud
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the microleakage of dental fissure sealants following the use of different preparatory techniques. 90 teeth were divided into 3 groups: group A received preparation with a fissurotomy bur, group B received pumice prophylaxis, and group C received no preparation. All groups received etching, adhesive, and sealant. Teeth were thermocycled and stained to assess microleakage. The study found that the fissurotomy bur and pumice prophylaxis groups had lower microleakage scores than the no preparation group, indicating that preparatory techniques enhance sealant adhesion and reduce microleakage.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used for infection control, including gloves, masks, and protective eyewear. Gloves should be changed between patients and not worn for long periods. Masks covering the nose and mouth can reduce inhalation of infectious particles from dental aerosols. Protective eyewear with side shields can prevent physical injury and infection from particles ejected from patients' mouths during dental procedures.
This study compared the efficacy of four mouthwash solutions in reducing plaque and gingivitis over 6 months in a population with good oral hygiene: 1) two low-dose 0.06% chlorhexidine preparations, 2) a commercially available 0.1% chlorhexidine solution, 3) an amine fluoride/stannous fluoride solution, and 4) a water control. All solutions reduced plaque levels, but the 0.1% and 0.06% chlorhexidine solutions were more effective at 3 months. The 0.1% chlorhexidine solution also produced greater reductions in gingivitis than the control. However, it also caused more discoloration than potential alternative solutions.
44 윤정현 diet and the microbial aetiology of dental caries new paradigmsdlawogud
This article reviews the evolving theories around the causes of dental caries over the last 120 years. It discusses how early theories focused on deficiencies in diet, but it is now understood that bacteria like Streptococcus mutans play a key role by metabolizing sugars like sucrose in plaque and lowering the pH. While S. mutans was long thought to be the primary cause, more recent studies find a broader range of bacteria are involved. In addition to sugars, starches can also cause caries. Future caries prevention strategies may focus more broadly on targeting plaque acidity and acidogenic microbes, rather than only S. mutans. An optimal diet remains important to reducing caries risk.
15번 김안석 microleakage assessment of fissure sealant following by a fisuuratomy...dlawogud
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the microleakage of dental fissure sealants following the use of different preparatory techniques. 90 teeth were divided into 3 groups: group A received preparation with a fissurotomy bur, group B received pumice prophylaxis, and group C received no preparation. All groups received etching, adhesive, and sealant. Teeth were thermocycled and stained to assess microleakage. The study found that the fissurotomy bur and pumice prophylaxis groups had lower microleakage scores than the no preparation group, indicating that preparatory techniques enhance sealant adhesion and reduce microleakage.
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) used for infection control, including gloves, masks, and protective eyewear. Gloves should be changed between patients and not worn for long periods. Masks covering the nose and mouth can reduce inhalation of infectious particles from dental aerosols. Protective eyewear with side shields can prevent physical injury and infection from particles ejected from patients' mouths during dental procedures.
2. Introduction
치주염 (Periodontitis)
- 치아 표면에 박테리아에 의해 생긴 biofilm에 의해 시작됨
- 위험 요인 : 스트레스 , 숙주요인 – 습관 (흡연)
Histamine
- 알레르기와 면역 과정에 관여하는 물질
- 대식세포, 박테리아 항원, 사이토카인의 활성에 의해 생성, 저장, 방출
- interleukin 8 활성, prostaglandin E2 생성
- cyclooxygenase 와 TLR2 &4 발현
- gingival fibroblast 에서 면역반응
3. Introduction
• 토끼에 histamine H2 receptor 억제제인
cimetidine을 투여 후, Porphyromonas gingivalis 에
의해 치주 감염이 일어남
• 흡연
- 히스타민의 분비에 영향을 미친다는 연구 결과
- 치주질환의 흔한 위험요인
- 치주염 환자의 혈청과 타액에 영향
4. Introduction
• 실험 목적
- 타액 내 히스타민이 치주염의 진단지표가
되고, 흡연이 치주염에 영향을 미치는 원인이
되는지를 조사
- 혈청 CRP (C-reactive protein) 의 증가가
치주질환의 진단지표
5. Method
• 대상자 : 106 명 ( 남 53 , 여 53 / 치주염 60,
건강 46)
• 제한요건
- 3개월 동안 치주치료나 항생제 요법을 쓰지
않음
• 흡연량 : 담배개수/일, PY ( 일 담배개수×연
담배 개수/20) 로 표시
6. Method
• Sample size 계산
1) 40 participants/ group ( somking vs. non-
smoking)
2) at least 22 periodontally diseased subjects/
goup (somking vs. non-smoking)
흡연자 41명, 비흡연자 65명
( 치주염환자 중 흡연자 26명, 비흡연자 34명)
7. Method
• 타액과 혈청 분석
- 참여자 제한사항 : 음식, 담배, 물 이외의 음료, 껌,
잇솔질, 샘플링 전 자정에 구강청결액 이용
- saliva extraction solution을 2분동안 적용 후 타액 채취
ELIZA kit 로 histamine level을 측정
0.1ng/ml sensitive
0.3-30ng/ml standard range
- Serum levels of CRP 는 Chemistry Immuno-system
Olympus AU 640 으로 측정 ( 0.08mg/l ~ 80mg/l)
8. Results
Control Perio P-value
Probing depth (mm) 1.65±0.04 3.56±0.12 <0.001
Clinical attachment level (mm) 1.65±0.04 4.06±0.17 <0.001
nr. of teeth(PD≥5mm) 0.00±0.00 15.48±0.89 <0.001
Bleeding on probing(%) 4.43±0.74 35.77±3.88 <0.001
Table 1. Clinical periodontal parameters of Periodontally diseased and health probands
11. Results
Table 2. Correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and serum CRP levels
of smoking individuals with smoking parameters
Cig/day Packyears
p P- value p P-value
Probong depth (PD) 0.495 0.002 0.670 <0.001
Clinical attachment level 0.515 0.001 0.660 <0.001
nr. Of teeth (PD≥ 5 nm) 0.400 0.010 0.644 <0.001
Bleeding on probing 0.105 0.543 0.391 0.018
Serum CRP 0.392 0.011 0.391 0.011
12. Results
Smoker Non-smoker P-value
Probing depth (mm) 3.81±0.18 3.38±0.16 0.073
Clinical attachment level (mm) 4.34±0.28 3.84±0.22 0.156
nr. of teeth(PD≥5mm) 16.46±1.29 14.74±1.23 0.292
Bleeding on probing(%) 32.78±5.61 38.05±5.37 0.488
Table 3. Clinical periodontal parameters of smoking and non-smoking
periodontitis patients
Table 4. Smoking parameters of periodontally healthy and diseased smoking individuals
Control Perio P-value
Cig/day 10.23±1.77 18.35±1.94 0.004
Packyears 5.19±0.87 20.59±2.70 <0.001
13. Discussion
• Histamine 은 치주염을 예상할 수 있는
진단지표 중의 하나
• 흡연도 치주염의 진단요소의 가능성을 가짐
흡연이 타액 내 histamine level에 미치는
영향과 치주염의 진단지표로써의 역할
가능성에 대해 연구
14. Discussion
• 실험 결과에 따르면, 치주염 환자는 건강한
사람들에 비해 histamine level이 현저히
높았다.
• 또한, 치주염 환자의 serum CRP level 증가는
국소적 치주 감염에 영향을 미침
하지만 타액 내 histamime level 과 serum CRP
level, PD≥5mm 의 치아 수 또는 BoP 간에
연관성은 없음
15. Discussion
• 흡연이 국소적인 혈관기능이상의 원인으로
작용하여 gingival blood flow 와 cervicular
fluid(염증 작용을 감소시킴) 를 감소시킴
• 니코틴이 mast cell들을 자극시켜
histamine을방출하게 한다는 실험 결과
결과적으로 mast cell들이 흡연에 노출되면
타액 내 histamine level을 증가 시킴
(연구 결과 내에서는 흡연을 하는 치주염
환자군에서만 관찰됨 )
16. Discussion
• 연구 결과에 따르면, histamine 이 새로운
치주질환 진단 가능 요소로 관찰되었고 흡연
또한 영향 요소로 관찰됨
Editor's Notes
Medical Univ. Vienna 윤리위원회에서 승인한 cross-sectional study.