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7. Nutritional services to vulnerable groups.pptx
- 1. CMT05105: HEALTH PROMOTION 7. Nutritionalservices to vulnerable groups
- 2. Learning objectives By theend of this session, each student is expected to be able to; • Define nutritional vulnerability and food insecurity • Describe the most vulnerable groups to malnutrition (young children, pregnant and lactating women, HIV/AIDS parents • Describe the methods for nutritional support in vulnerable groups • Describe the role of nutrition in disease prevention • Describe methods for preventing nutritional disorders • Describe long term strategies to prevent nutritional deficiency disease • Provide nutritional support in vulnerable groups
- 3. Definition of terms •Nutritional vulnerability refers to a reduced physical reserve that limits recovery in the event of an acute health threat, as well as limited resilience and other predisposed factors arising from a reduced dietary intake
- 4. Cont… • Nutritional vulnerabilityalso refers to a presence of risk factors for malnutrition
- 5. Cont… • The existenceof malnutrition and other related threats results in communities and individuals being nutritionally vulnerable
- 6. Cont… • Food insecurityrefers to lacking regular access to enough safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and active and healthy life (Food and Agricultural Organization of the U.S.A)
- 7. CONT… • While manypeople may not be ‘hungry’, they may still be food insecure • People might have access to food to meet their energy requirement yet are uncertain that it will last, or they may be forced to reduce the quality and/or quantity of food they eat
- 8. Levels of severityof food insecurity i. Mild food insecurity; this refers to uncertainty regarding the ability to get food
- 9. Cont… ii. Moderate foodinsecurity; • There is insufficient money or resources for a healthy diet • There is uncertainty about the ability to obtain food • People probably skipped meals or run out of food occasionally
- 10. Cont… iii. Severe foodinsecurity; • People run out of food • No food for a day or more
- 11. Cont… • When anindividual is severely food insecure, they have most likely experienced hunger. In other words, this may predisposed them into malnutrition
- 12. Causes of foodinsecurity • Inappropriate use of available food • Poor storage methods and facilities • Small farm size • Low income • Use of poor technology • Systemic racism and racial discrimination • Climate change and global warming
- 13. Vulnerable groups tomalnutrition The most vulnerable groups to malnutrition in the population are; • Young children • Pregnant and lactating women • People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHIV/AIDS)
- 14. • Poor growth •Poor cognition • Poor muscle development • Reduced work capacity • Poor social development • High rates of illness • Difficulty in school Outcomes of inadequate diet in Children
- 15. • Age • Diseasedconditions • Maternal conditions • Other factors?? Factors influencing nutritional requirements in children
- 16. • Promote nutritioneducation with the focus on healthy eating and lifestyle • Promote eating of healthy snacks and drinks by children • Supplementation with iron and folic acid • Encourage health-seeking behaviours on general health, HIV and AIDS prevention and management. • Promote de-worming of children within and outside schools Nutrition recommendation for young children
- 17. Importance of goodnutrition during pregnancy • Ensures good health of the fetus and newborns • Ensures good health of the pregnant woman • Few complications during pregnancy • Development of maternal organs such as uterus, placenta and breast tissues • Reserve to be utilized at the time of delivery and lactation
- 18. Poor nutritional statusand pregnancy • There is increased risk of maternal death due to anaemia, infection, labour and delivery complications. • Has a negative impact on birth weight, growth and development of the infant • May lead to increased risk of foetal, neonatal, and infant death • Contributes to the occurrence of intra-uterine growth retardation, low birth weight and prematurity • A child might be born with defects such as cretinism, spinal bifida and brain damage The most visible measure of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is the lack of maternal weight gain
- 19. • Pregnant womenneed to choose nutrient-dense foods to insure an adequate nutrient intake. Examples?? • Increase the amount and varieties of foods they eat • Eat frequently • Eat sensibly • Avoid caffeine and nicotine because they are detrimental to the health of the foetus • Limit the use of salt to about a table spoon a day (i.e. six grams) Recommendations for Healthy Eating During Pregnancy
- 20. • Restrain fromalcohol intake. • Get enough physical activity to keep fit. Walk or do light physical activities every day. • It is recommended to have enough rest during pregnancy and to avoid heavy work load. • Take supplements (e.g. folic acid, iron and iron) as advised by the health worker Cont...
- 21. Relationship between HIVand Nutrition • Nutrition and HIV are strongly related and aggravate one another in a vicious cycle. • HIV affects nutrition and nutrition influences the progression of the HIV infection to AIDS.
- 23. Factors affecting nutritionin key population affected with HIV • Reduced food intake • Poor nutrient absorption • Utilization in the body and changes in body’s metabolism
- 24. Cont… • Other factorsare: • Degree of disease • Chronic infections and illnesses • Anorexia or loss of appetite • Diarrhoea • Fever • Nausea • Frequent vomiting • Oral thrush
- 25. Nutritional support invulnerable groups • Nutritional support is therapy for people who cannot get enough nourishment by eating or drinking. Methods for nutritional support are; • Food fortification • Supplementary enteral tube feeding • Total enteral tube feeding • Parenteral nutrition
- 26. Role of nutritionin disease prevention • Strengthening immunity, and thus delaying disease progression and death • Improving medicinal intake and utilization • Decreases weight loss • Provides energy
- 27. Methods for preventingnutritional disorders • Growth monitoring to children and vulnerable groups • Healthy eating and healthy lifestyle • Health education on breastfeeding • Promote small household gardening • Use available resources wisely • Improve storage facility • Use food preparation methods that minimize nutrient loss and improve quality of food • Engage in other income generating activities
- 28. Long term strategiesto prevent nutritional deficiency disease There are two major approaches in addressing nutritional deficiency disease; • Nutritional planning • Direct nutrition and health intervention
- 29. Nutritional planning The followingare some of the nutritional plans for the government to achieve; • Political commitment by the government • Formulation of a nutrition policies • Long term planning to improve production and supplies of food, equitable distribution and increase the purchasing power of people • Land reforms
- 30. Cont… • Proper guidancein agriculture • Increasing the capacity of people to buy nutritious food in adequate quantity • Income generating activities for the weaker sections of the community • Making available good quality food in affordable prices through proper public distribution system
- 31. Direct nutrition andhealth intervention Direct nutrition and health intervention can be achieved by; • Improved health care system • Nutrition education • Early detection of malnutrition and intervention • Nutrition supplementation
- 32. Nutritional support invulnerable groups When providing nutritional support in vulnerable groups, it is important to consider the following; • Aim for nutritional support • When should nutritional support be started? • How long should nutritional support be continued? • Optimal substrate intake and route of administration
- 33. • THANK YOUFOR LISTENING