This document discusses verbal and visual support for presentations. It identifies five types of verbal support: examples, stories, statistics, comparisons, and citations. It also discusses eight types of visual aids: objects/models, photographs, diagrams, lists/tables, pie charts, bar/column charts, pictograms, and graphs. Finally, it provides guidelines for selecting, designing, and presenting visual aids, including using the appropriate media like flip charts, transparencies, slides, handouts, and computer displays.

1. Chapter 12 – Adler

2. Layout
 Functions of supporting material
 Verbal support
 Types
 Visual support
 Types
 Media
 Computer-assisted design
 Rules for using
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

3. FUNCTIONS OF SUPPORTING MATERIAL
1. Clarity
 abstract or complicated ideas
1. Interest
 Enliven
 Make main point vivid, meaningful
1. Proof
 convincing
 E.g., survey
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

4. TYPES OF VERBAL SUPPORT (5)
1. Examples
– Brief illustrations
– most effective when several are given together
1. Stories
– Hypothetical or factual
– Guidelines
• Should suit audience
• Should support point
• Be of right length
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

5. 3. Statistics
 Probably the most common form of support
 Specially strong proof
 Firmly grounded in fact
 Shows that speaker is well informed
 May make mistake of burying the audience
 Provide a few key numbers
 Simply information (64.3% vs. two-thirds)
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

6. 4. Comparisons
 Figurative = analogies
 Compare unfamiliar with familiar idea
 Literal
 Must have two characteristics
 Well-known, be valid
 Must clearly establish similarity
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

7. 5. Citations
 More authoritative/articulate source
 Clarity and impact
 Help build persuasive case
 Guidelines
 Cite to add credibility to presentation
 Source must have credibility with audience
 Paraphrase lengthy or confusing citations
 Restate point of long citations
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

8. VISUAL AIDS
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

9. Benefits
 A picture is often worth a thousand words
 Easier to understand than words alone
 Easier to explain complicated statistics
 Easier for listeners to understand
 Make presentations more interesting
 Boost your image as speaker
 Make information more memorable
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

10. Functions
 Show how things look
 Show how things work
 Show how things relate to one another
 Emphasize important points
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

11. Types of Visual Aid (8)
1. Objects and Models
 Used in training, selling
 Hands-on experience/demonstration
 How to operate a piece of equipment
1. Photographs
2. Diagrams
 Two-dimensional
 Floor plan, maps… size, shape, structure
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

12. 4. Lists and tables
 Key facts and figures, steps, features, comparison,
etc
 Guidelines
 Keep it simple
 Use numbered or bulleted lists
 Use text sparingly
 Use large type
 Enhance readability through careful layout
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

13. 5. Pie Charts
– Percentages, resources, money, etc
– Guidelines
• Segment to emphasize on takes top-center
• Label each segment
• List percentage for each segment
6. Bar and column charts
– Guidelines
• Time on horizontal axis
• Arrange bars in best-suited sequence
• Represent numerical values clearly
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

14. 7. Pictogram
 Artistic variations of bar, column, pie charts
 More interesting (figure 12-11)
8. Graphs
 Correlation between quantities
 Represent large amount of data without clutter
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

15. Media for presenting VA(6)
1. Flip charts and poster board
– Simple to prepare
– Easy to use
– Relatively portable
– Easy to use
– May be too small
– Large audience can’t see
– Relatively fragile
– Clumsy
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

16. 2. Transparencies
– Good for large audience
– Produced quickly
– Easy to create
– Visible in a lighted room
– Easy to store, don’t wear out
– Require a projector
– Must position in special way
– Most effective when
• Use only when discussing, turn off when not using, cover parts
not discussed, face audience while speaking
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

17. 3. Slides
– Actual photographic image
– Inexpensive
– Produced quickly
– Easy to edit
– Need darkened room
– Guidelines
• Keep show brief, use remote-control device, talk to
listeners and not the screen
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

18. 4. Handouts
 Permanent record
 Recall features
 More detail
 Eliminate listeners’ need to take notes
 Can be distracting
 Have to compete with them for attention
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

19. 5. Computerized displays
6. Videotape
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

20. Computer-assisted VA design
• Special effects
• Many formats
• Speakers’ notes
• Variety of handouts
• Run-time versions
• Create charts, graphs, tables
• Take time to learn
• Temptation to overuse
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations

21. Rules for using visual aids
1. Selection
– Have a reason for using
– Match sophistication of visual aid with audience
1. Design
– Make sure it is large enough to see
– Keep design simple
– Use few words
– Use horizontal printing
– Label all items for clear identification
1. Presentation
– Don’t display till ready
– Remove after discussing
– Make sure it works at presentation location
– Practice using your visuals
Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations