6) A firm has a production function q=KL, where q is the quantity of output, K is the amount of
capital and L is the amount of labor. a) Does this production function exhibit increasing,
decreasing or constant returns to scale? b) Does the long-run cost function exhibit economies of
scale or diseconomies of scale? Is the LR Average Cost curve increasing or decreasing with q?.
6. [2.5] Let X1,�,X100 be independent and identically distributed wit.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. [2.5] Let X1,,X100 be independent and identically distributed with mean m and variance v.
Let Yi=5Xi for i=1,,100 and let Y=i=1100Yi. (a) Find E(Y). (b) Find V(Y)..
6.Blood pressure is typically taken when a patient is at rest. By usi.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.Blood pressure is typically taken when a patient is at rest. By using the systolic and dastolic
pressure values, we can calculate the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). But MAP is not just an
average of the sum of the two pressures. The calculation is MAP= DP + (PP/3). Why do we use
this calculation? (p. 4828th edition) (1 pt.).
6.3 LAB Swapping variables Define a function named SwapValues that t.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.3 LAB: Swapping variables Define a function named SwapValues that takes four integers as
parameters and swaps the first with the second, and the third with the fourth values. Then write a
main program that reads four integers from input, calls function SwapValues() to swap the
values, and prints the swapped values on a single line separated with spaces. Ex: If the input is:
function SwapValues() returns and the main program outputs: 8342 The program must define
and call a function: void Swapvalues(int* userval1, int* userval2, int* userval3, int* userval4)
Function SwapValues 0 swaps the values referenced by the parameters..
6.13 Exercise This exercise combines the ideas from sections 6.9 .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.13 Exercise This exercise combines the ideas from sections 6.9 and 6.10. You will create a
simple guest book with PHP that allows the users to post comments and upload image files to the
server and retrieve the data from the server. First, write an HTML form that allows the user to
enter a name, comments, and upload an image file. Your comments: Upload file: No file
selected. The user can either submit data, or view all previous posts if any. When the submit
button is clicked, the data should be saved to an external text file and a feedback is displayed.
When the view button is clicked, the output will look like the following:
Your comments: Upload file: Alice This is fun. Bob PHP is fun..
6.1.9. Let the table represent a summary of a random sample of size 5.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.1.9. Let the table represent a summary of a random sample of size 55 from a Poisson
distribution. Find the maximum likelihood estimator of P(X=2). Use the R function dpois to find
the estimator's realization for the data in the table..
6. Write down Equation 3.2 for the special case h=12. Find the allel.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Write down Equation 3.2 for the special case h=1/2. Find the allele frequencies in two
successive generations when the initial value of p is 0.1 and s=0.1. Bonus question: If you can
program a computer, continue this for 200 generations and graph the result. 7. Graph p as a
function of h for 1.
6. [2.5] Let X1,�,X100 be independent and identically distributed wit.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. [2.5] Let X1,,X100 be independent and identically distributed with mean m and variance v.
Let Yi=5Xi for i=1,,100 and let Y=i=1100Yi. (a) Find E(Y). (b) Find V(Y)..
6.Blood pressure is typically taken when a patient is at rest. By usi.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.Blood pressure is typically taken when a patient is at rest. By using the systolic and dastolic
pressure values, we can calculate the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). But MAP is not just an
average of the sum of the two pressures. The calculation is MAP= DP + (PP/3). Why do we use
this calculation? (p. 4828th edition) (1 pt.).
6.3 LAB Swapping variables Define a function named SwapValues that t.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.3 LAB: Swapping variables Define a function named SwapValues that takes four integers as
parameters and swaps the first with the second, and the third with the fourth values. Then write a
main program that reads four integers from input, calls function SwapValues() to swap the
values, and prints the swapped values on a single line separated with spaces. Ex: If the input is:
function SwapValues() returns and the main program outputs: 8342 The program must define
and call a function: void Swapvalues(int* userval1, int* userval2, int* userval3, int* userval4)
Function SwapValues 0 swaps the values referenced by the parameters..
6.13 Exercise This exercise combines the ideas from sections 6.9 .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.13 Exercise This exercise combines the ideas from sections 6.9 and 6.10. You will create a
simple guest book with PHP that allows the users to post comments and upload image files to the
server and retrieve the data from the server. First, write an HTML form that allows the user to
enter a name, comments, and upload an image file. Your comments: Upload file: No file
selected. The user can either submit data, or view all previous posts if any. When the submit
button is clicked, the data should be saved to an external text file and a feedback is displayed.
When the view button is clicked, the output will look like the following:
Your comments: Upload file: Alice This is fun. Bob PHP is fun..
6.1.9. Let the table represent a summary of a random sample of size 5.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6.1.9. Let the table represent a summary of a random sample of size 55 from a Poisson
distribution. Find the maximum likelihood estimator of P(X=2). Use the R function dpois to find
the estimator's realization for the data in the table..
6. Write down Equation 3.2 for the special case h=12. Find the allel.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Write down Equation 3.2 for the special case h=1/2. Find the allele frequencies in two
successive generations when the initial value of p is 0.1 and s=0.1. Bonus question: If you can
program a computer, continue this for 200 generations and graph the result. 7. Graph p as a
function of h for 1.
6. The joint pmf of random variables X and Y is given below a. Find .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. The joint pmf of random variables X and Y is given below: a. Find x,y,x2,y2,Cov(X,Y), and
1,1,1/2,1/2,1/4,1/2 b. Sketch the support of X and Y c. Find the least squares regression line and
add it to the graph from part b. Y=1/2+1/2x.
6. List 3 types of insurers 1. 2. 3. 7. What are the 3 Principles of.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. List 3 types of insurers: 1. 2. 3. 7. What are the 3 Principles of Basic Underwiting? 1. 2. 3. 8.
The Befinision of Risk, racitionally is: 9. What are the 3 basic purposes of Government
Regulation of insurers? 1. 2. 3. 10. What are 2 specific Social Insurance typesinames? 1. 2. 11.
There are 4 Classitications of Pisk, which one is incorrects A. Pure \& Speculative B. Enterprise
Risk C. Underwriting Prisk D. Diversifiable Risk and Non-diversifiable.
6. Find the spectral density for the MA(2) process defined as Yt=Wt0..pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Find the spectral density for the MA(2) process defined as Yt=Wt0.2Wt1+0.01Wt2, where
Wt is a white noise process with variance 2. Due Tuesday, March 27, 2023, in class.
6. Early childhood is a critical time in human development. Understan.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Early childhood is a critical time in human development. Understanding and supporting
children's wellness early on can make the greatest impact on physical, social, and emotional, and
cognitive health throughout childhood and adulthood. What should an educator include when
designing a Wellness Curriculum? Familiarize yourself with the wellness messages listed in
Fimin i a D..
6. Draw a tree (multiple answers might be possible) that a. Has four .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Draw a tree (multiple answers might be possible) that a. Has four nodes and is height 1 . b.
Has four nodes and is height 3 . c. Has more nodes at level 2 than at level 1. d. Has five nodes
and three are leaves. e. Has six nodes and two are leaves. f. Has four interior nodes. g. Has a
breadth-first traversal of A B C D E F. h. Has a depth-first traversal of A B C D E F. i. Has a
breadth-first traversal of A B C D E F and a depth-first traversal of A B C E F D..
6. Gay Manufacturing is expected to pay a dividend of $1.25 per sha.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Gay Manufacturing is expected to pay a dividend of $1.25 per share at the end of the year.
The stock sells for $32.50 per share, and its required rate of return is 10.5%. The dividend is
expected to grow at some constant rate forever. What is the expected growth rate?.
55. With multi-core processors vs. multi-processors A. Sending the k.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
55. With multi-core processors vs. multi-processors: A. Sending the key in plaintext on the
memory bus is a good practice. B. Public key cryptography is often used because it is very
inexpensive C. A&B D. One Memory Management Unit (MMU) can be shared by the different
processors, which actually removes need to have to explicitly share the key. E. All of the above
Explanation.
5.11 Consider a 4-level system at 1000�K containing N particles with .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
5.11 Consider a 4-level system at 1000K containing N particles with energy levels
(10)=0.15eV,(20)=0.45eV, and (30)=0.75eV. Each level has a degeneracy = 1. Calculate (a) the
molecular partition function, and (b) the population of the 2 level, n2/N..
6. An urn has 10 green and 5 red balls. You draw randomly from the ur.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. An urn has 10 green and 5 red balls. You draw randomly from the urn one ball at a time with
replacement. Let X be the number of drawn balls until you get the first green ball. Find the
distribution and mean of X..
6. (2 matky) Run the model with valees, V=500,3=0.02,=0.2 and 7=0.1. .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (2 matky) Run the model with valees, V=500,3=0.02,=0.2 and 7=0.1. How many people have
become, or are currently, sick by dny 20 ? On what diy does the ephidemie peak? SIR With
Simple Demographics 7. 11 mark| What is the equation that describes R0 for this model? 8. 2
marks How does bost lifespan affect P0 ? 9. 12 marles Suppose there is a cclased population"
with no birthe of deathy or rocovery. Could this population support an endemic disease? 10. 2
marksj If the time scale for this model be davx, what might a rowcnable value for the birth/death
rite d be, if we're thinking about Europeat Rabbits? (remember average lifespan =1/d ). You may
suppose that the average lifespan of a European Rabbit is 9 years COVID-19 It is estimated that
on average it takes 2.5 dnys fot sormene exposed to COVID-19 to become infections. Once
infectious, people remain infectious for approcimately 6 days: R0 has been estimated to be 2,3 in
Toronto. Suppone it is March 2020 and a single infected person arrivs at the Toronto
lnternational Airport. Axsume that the population of Toronto is 2,980,000. Assume there are no
interventions in place. 11. [I mark) Which model (of the three explored above) best describes this
procend? 12. [2 markon ] Using. R0, find the trinsmitsion rate, $, fot COVID-19 in Toronto..
6. After completing a bank reconciliation, a journal entry is NOT req.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. After completing a bank reconciliation, a journal entry is NOT required for A. an electronic
collection of an account receivable by the bank. B. bank service charges. C. non-sufficient funds
(NSF) checks. D. outstanding checks. 7. When writing off a customer's account receivable,
which account is credited by a company? A. Cash B. Bad debt expense C. Allowance for
uncollectible accounts D. Accounts receivable.
6. An analyst has collected the following information regarding a c.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. An analyst has collected the following information regarding a company in advance of its
year-end earnings announcement (in millions): The analyst's estimate of ending retained earnings
(in millions) should be closest to: A. $1,300. B. $1,500. C. $1,700..
6. A study is being conducted in which the health of two independent .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. A study is being conducted in which the health of two independent groups of ten
policyholders is being monitored over a one-year period of time. Individual participants in the
study drop out before the end of the study with probability of 0.15 (independently of the other
participants). What is the probability that no more than one participant complete the study in one
of the two groups, but not in both groups?.
6. (10 pointb Custy die inu ti. ic in 5FA InCN m th the stertestatd l.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (10 pointb Custy die inu ti. ic in 5FA InCN m th the stertestatd lerged dTY tarrei, os Uhe ore
Uhal curis firs. whar urdend slphates. Lily. Far acatipls, CITp has tour attr ia: DCF, Aac, pQEs,
ard wxy Thesucut wil be - anc 7 - PJR5 2 numed erl, thece dar ecoupe it nemer fretsintahetionl U.
6. (10 points) Let (X1,Y1),�,(Xn,Yn) be a sample from a N(1,2,12,22,).pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (10 points) Let (X1,Y1),,(Xn,Yn) be a sample from a N(1,2,12,22,) population. Show that the
MLEs of 12,22, and when 1 and 2 are assumed to be known are
~12=(1/n)i=1n(Xi1)2,~22=(1/n)i=1n(Yi2)2, and ~=[i=1n(Xi1)(Yi2)/n~1~2] respectively,
provided that n3..
6. (2 points) Map Coloring Given a map and a number n, determine if t.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (2 points) Map Coloring Given a map and a number n, determine if the regions on the map
can be colored with at most n colors such that no two adjacent regions are colored with the same
color..
6) D is directly proportional to the cube of n. Mary says that when n.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6) D is directly proportional to the cube of n. Mary says that when n is doubled, the value of D is
increased 6 times. Mary is wrong. Use proportional ratios to show Mary how much larger D is
when n is doubled..
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
6. The joint pmf of random variables X and Y is given below a. Find .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. The joint pmf of random variables X and Y is given below: a. Find x,y,x2,y2,Cov(X,Y), and
1,1,1/2,1/2,1/4,1/2 b. Sketch the support of X and Y c. Find the least squares regression line and
add it to the graph from part b. Y=1/2+1/2x.
6. List 3 types of insurers 1. 2. 3. 7. What are the 3 Principles of.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. List 3 types of insurers: 1. 2. 3. 7. What are the 3 Principles of Basic Underwiting? 1. 2. 3. 8.
The Befinision of Risk, racitionally is: 9. What are the 3 basic purposes of Government
Regulation of insurers? 1. 2. 3. 10. What are 2 specific Social Insurance typesinames? 1. 2. 11.
There are 4 Classitications of Pisk, which one is incorrects A. Pure \& Speculative B. Enterprise
Risk C. Underwriting Prisk D. Diversifiable Risk and Non-diversifiable.
6. Find the spectral density for the MA(2) process defined as Yt=Wt0..pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Find the spectral density for the MA(2) process defined as Yt=Wt0.2Wt1+0.01Wt2, where
Wt is a white noise process with variance 2. Due Tuesday, March 27, 2023, in class.
6. Early childhood is a critical time in human development. Understan.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Early childhood is a critical time in human development. Understanding and supporting
children's wellness early on can make the greatest impact on physical, social, and emotional, and
cognitive health throughout childhood and adulthood. What should an educator include when
designing a Wellness Curriculum? Familiarize yourself with the wellness messages listed in
Fimin i a D..
6. Draw a tree (multiple answers might be possible) that a. Has four .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Draw a tree (multiple answers might be possible) that a. Has four nodes and is height 1 . b.
Has four nodes and is height 3 . c. Has more nodes at level 2 than at level 1. d. Has five nodes
and three are leaves. e. Has six nodes and two are leaves. f. Has four interior nodes. g. Has a
breadth-first traversal of A B C D E F. h. Has a depth-first traversal of A B C D E F. i. Has a
breadth-first traversal of A B C D E F and a depth-first traversal of A B C E F D..
6. Gay Manufacturing is expected to pay a dividend of $1.25 per sha.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. Gay Manufacturing is expected to pay a dividend of $1.25 per share at the end of the year.
The stock sells for $32.50 per share, and its required rate of return is 10.5%. The dividend is
expected to grow at some constant rate forever. What is the expected growth rate?.
55. With multi-core processors vs. multi-processors A. Sending the k.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
55. With multi-core processors vs. multi-processors: A. Sending the key in plaintext on the
memory bus is a good practice. B. Public key cryptography is often used because it is very
inexpensive C. A&B D. One Memory Management Unit (MMU) can be shared by the different
processors, which actually removes need to have to explicitly share the key. E. All of the above
Explanation.
5.11 Consider a 4-level system at 1000�K containing N particles with .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
5.11 Consider a 4-level system at 1000K containing N particles with energy levels
(10)=0.15eV,(20)=0.45eV, and (30)=0.75eV. Each level has a degeneracy = 1. Calculate (a) the
molecular partition function, and (b) the population of the 2 level, n2/N..
6. An urn has 10 green and 5 red balls. You draw randomly from the ur.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. An urn has 10 green and 5 red balls. You draw randomly from the urn one ball at a time with
replacement. Let X be the number of drawn balls until you get the first green ball. Find the
distribution and mean of X..
6. (2 matky) Run the model with valees, V=500,3=0.02,=0.2 and 7=0.1. .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (2 matky) Run the model with valees, V=500,3=0.02,=0.2 and 7=0.1. How many people have
become, or are currently, sick by dny 20 ? On what diy does the ephidemie peak? SIR With
Simple Demographics 7. 11 mark| What is the equation that describes R0 for this model? 8. 2
marks How does bost lifespan affect P0 ? 9. 12 marles Suppose there is a cclased population"
with no birthe of deathy or rocovery. Could this population support an endemic disease? 10. 2
marksj If the time scale for this model be davx, what might a rowcnable value for the birth/death
rite d be, if we're thinking about Europeat Rabbits? (remember average lifespan =1/d ). You may
suppose that the average lifespan of a European Rabbit is 9 years COVID-19 It is estimated that
on average it takes 2.5 dnys fot sormene exposed to COVID-19 to become infections. Once
infectious, people remain infectious for approcimately 6 days: R0 has been estimated to be 2,3 in
Toronto. Suppone it is March 2020 and a single infected person arrivs at the Toronto
lnternational Airport. Axsume that the population of Toronto is 2,980,000. Assume there are no
interventions in place. 11. [I mark) Which model (of the three explored above) best describes this
procend? 12. [2 markon ] Using. R0, find the trinsmitsion rate, $, fot COVID-19 in Toronto..
6. After completing a bank reconciliation, a journal entry is NOT req.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. After completing a bank reconciliation, a journal entry is NOT required for A. an electronic
collection of an account receivable by the bank. B. bank service charges. C. non-sufficient funds
(NSF) checks. D. outstanding checks. 7. When writing off a customer's account receivable,
which account is credited by a company? A. Cash B. Bad debt expense C. Allowance for
uncollectible accounts D. Accounts receivable.
6. An analyst has collected the following information regarding a c.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. An analyst has collected the following information regarding a company in advance of its
year-end earnings announcement (in millions): The analyst's estimate of ending retained earnings
(in millions) should be closest to: A. $1,300. B. $1,500. C. $1,700..
6. A study is being conducted in which the health of two independent .pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. A study is being conducted in which the health of two independent groups of ten
policyholders is being monitored over a one-year period of time. Individual participants in the
study drop out before the end of the study with probability of 0.15 (independently of the other
participants). What is the probability that no more than one participant complete the study in one
of the two groups, but not in both groups?.
6. (10 pointb Custy die inu ti. ic in 5FA InCN m th the stertestatd l.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (10 pointb Custy die inu ti. ic in 5FA InCN m th the stertestatd lerged dTY tarrei, os Uhe ore
Uhal curis firs. whar urdend slphates. Lily. Far acatipls, CITp has tour attr ia: DCF, Aac, pQEs,
ard wxy Thesucut wil be - anc 7 - PJR5 2 numed erl, thece dar ecoupe it nemer fretsintahetionl U.
6. (10 points) Let (X1,Y1),�,(Xn,Yn) be a sample from a N(1,2,12,22,).pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (10 points) Let (X1,Y1),,(Xn,Yn) be a sample from a N(1,2,12,22,) population. Show that the
MLEs of 12,22, and when 1 and 2 are assumed to be known are
~12=(1/n)i=1n(Xi1)2,~22=(1/n)i=1n(Yi2)2, and ~=[i=1n(Xi1)(Yi2)/n~1~2] respectively,
provided that n3..
6. (2 points) Map Coloring Given a map and a number n, determine if t.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6. (2 points) Map Coloring Given a map and a number n, determine if the regions on the map
can be colored with at most n colors such that no two adjacent regions are colored with the same
color..
6) D is directly proportional to the cube of n. Mary says that when n.pdfambeartwoodenhandicr
6) D is directly proportional to the cube of n. Mary says that when n is doubled, the value of D is
increased 6 times. Mary is wrong. Use proportional ratios to show Mary how much larger D is
when n is doubled..
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
6) A firm has a production function q=KL, where q is the quantity of .pdf
1. 6) A firm has a production function q=KL, where q is the quantity of output, K is the amount of
capital and L is the amount of labor. a) Does this production function exhibit increasing,
decreasing or constant returns to scale? b) Does the long-run cost function exhibit economies of
scale or diseconomies of scale? Is the LR Average Cost curve increasing or decreasing with q?
