1. JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTAION
KAP STUDY
GUIDED BY-
DR.MAHESH VERMA
DR.MANOJ GUPTA
PRESENTATION BY-
DR.SHIWANGI (JR-2)
DR.DEV KISHAN(JR-1)
2. INDEX
1. Title of the article
2. Authors of Article
3. Journal Information
4. Abstract
5. Introduction
6. Materials and methods
7. Results
8. Discussion
9. Conclusion
10. Limitations of the study
11. References
1a.Critical appraisal of Title
4a.Critical appraisal of abstract
5a.Critical appraisal of Introduction
6a.Critical appraisal of Materials and methods
7a.Critical appraisal of Results
8a.Critical appraisal of Discussion
9a.Critical appraisal of Conclusion
4. 1a.Critical appraisal of Title
• Title is clear, complete and meaningful
• Title indicates the topic and focus of study
• Title length is adequate- neither too long nor too short
• Study design mentioned
• Study area mentioned
• Study period not mentioned
5. 2.Authors of Article
• Authors : Monika Singh, Om Prakash Rajoura1 , Raghavendra A Honnakamble
• Department of Community Medicine, SN Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka, 1
Department of Community Medicine, UCMS and GTBH, Delhi, India
• Address for correspondence: Dr. Raghavendra A Honnakamble, Department of
Community Medicine, SN Medical College, Bagalkot - 587 102, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: ragsmmc@gmail. com
6. 3.Journal Information
• Journal Name: International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences
• Year: April-June 2019
• Volume:8
• Issue 2
• Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
9. 4a.Critical appraisal of abstract
• Background of the study is mentioned
• Separate headings are framed for methodology, results and conclusions
• Methodology ,results, conclusion of the study is mentioned
• Keywords are mentioned in the abstract
• It clearly gives the gist of the whole study
• Study area and Study population are mentioned in the abstract
• Study period is not mentioned in the abstract
• Aim and Objectives are defined
13. 5a.Critical appraisal of Introduction
• The introduction is meaningful and is built in existing literature.
• The introduction is logically presented with opening, body and termination like
need for the study.
• All the citations are followed with correct references in the list of references.
14. 6.Materials and Methods
• A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 adolescent schoolgirls in the age
group of 10–19 years in Delhi in April 2012.
• The aim of the study was to observe the KAP about anemia, especially iron-deficiency
anemia (IDA), and to find health-seeking behavior regarding anemia among adolescent
schoolgirls.
• After taking permission from school health services and principal of the school as well
as written consent from the parents, students were interviewed by using a predesigned,
pretested, semi-structured questionnaire.
15. Contt.
• The study was conducted in one of the nine administrative districts of Delhi chosen
randomly by lottery method.
• All government senior secondary schools in that district (northwest) were
included. For this purpose, a list of schools located in the chosen district was
obtained from the Directorate of Education. Finally, two schools were selected by
lottery method.
• Out of all classes, class XI was randomly selected by lottery method, and all the
girls in Class XI were included in the study.
16. Contt.
• Those students who were willing to participate in the study were included.
Students present on the day of visit were chosen as participants .
• A pretested and semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data regarding
KAP and health-seeking behavior regarding anemia.
• The response was assessed using percentage analysis. Data analysis was done using
SPSS software version 17.0
17. Contt.
• Sample size calculation-It was calculated based on a study conducted in Karnataka[18]
in which 91% of girls had heard about anemia, with absolute error of 5%, design effect
of 1.5, and 95% confidence interval, the sample size came out to be 189.
• Considering 10% nonresponse rate, the final sample size came out to be 208 and was
rounded off to 210.
• Adolescent girls not willing to participate and girls whose parents refused to give
consent were not included in the study.
18. 6a. Critical appraisal of materials and method
• Study Design: Cross sectional study design
• Study Area: Delhi
• Study Population: Two government senior secondary schools in that district
(northwest) ,Delhi.
• Sample size: 210
• Sampling technique : simple random sampling lottery method.
• Data Collection Tools and Techniques: students were interviewed by using a
predesigned, pretested, semi-structured questionnaire
• Inclusion and exclusion criterias are mentioned .
19. 7.Results
• The knowledge about anemia among adolescent schoolgirls is described in Table1.
• The study questionnaire had some questions with multiple options to choose. The
present study observed that out of 210 girls, only 60 (28.5%) had heard the term
anemia.
• Knowledge assessment of anemia was done in sixty adolescent schoolgirls only. Of
these sixty girls, 50 (83.3%) felt that anemia is a health problem. When assessed for
understanding of anemia, 46 (76.7%) girls answered that anemia is caused by
decreased iron blood and 12 (20%) did not know the reasons for anemia.
Thirty-eight(63.3%) adolescent schoolgirls felt that decreased dietary intake of iron
causes anemia and 18 (30%) girls also said that worm infestation causes anemia.
20.
21. Contt.
• Regarding symptoms of anemia, majority (42 [70%]) of the girls answered that
anemia causes pale skin.
• Twenty-eight (46.6%) girls opined that anemia affects growth and development, 10
(26.6%) girls said that it decreases learning abilities, and 17 (28.3%) girls said that it
decreases the working capacity of a person.
• Regarding prevention of anemia, 46 (76.4%) girls felt that increased intake of
dietary iron will prevent anemia, 47 (78.3%) girls reported that iron and folic acid
(IFA) supplementation can treat anemia, and 16 (26.6%) girls reported that
deworming can also help in the treatment of anemia.
22. Contt.
• Table2 describes the behavior of the adolescent schoolgirls. Among the 210 girls,
most of the girls (170 [80.9%]) used soap for washing their hands and the rest
(19%) cleaned with just water.
• Only 52% of the girls cleaned their hands with soap before consuming food.
Trimming of nails regularly was practiced by 160 (76.2) girls, and there was a
practice of barefoot walking outside home in 28.5% of girls
23.
24. Contt.
• Table 3 describes the health-seeking behavior among the adolescent
schoolgirls. Only 10 (4.8%) adolescent schoolgirls in the school were
checked for Hb in the past 1 year, 6 (2.8%) girls consumed IFA, and 8 (3.8)
girls consumed deworming tablets in the past 6 months.
25. 7a.Critical appraisal of Results
• The result is presented in logical and comprehensible manner.
• All the data are performed in a tabular form and are titled properly.
• All the tables are explained.
• All the tables are simple and alignment of information are properly done
• The results are based on aims and objectives of the study.
31. 8a.Critical appraisal of discussion
• Discussion is concentrated around objectives.
• Explanations are not contradictory with each other.
• Limitations of study were not mentioned.
• Recommendations were included.
32. 9.Conclusion
• Adolescent girls exhibited knowledge toward anemia but not
adequate attitude and practice. However, adolescent girls’ knowledge
alone is not adequate to impact practices and attitudes
• Physiological, socioeconomic, and behavioral limitations must be
addressed proficiently. Propagation of comprehensive nutritional
knowledge regarding anemia should be made mandatory
• Nutritional education sessions with more focus on specific issues such
as information on anemia, adverse effects of drinking tea with meals,
and iron enhancers such as Vitamin C should be emphasized.
33. 9a.Critical appraisal of conclusion
• The conclusion is meaningful.
• • The conclusion is supported by the result drawn.
• • The research question has been answered.
34. 10.Limitation of the study
• As our study was conducted in school only , it certainly is not
representative of the situation on the field.
35. • Financial support and sponsorship- Nil.
• Conflicts of interest -There are no conflicts of interest
