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1. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion
Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion ON Nurse Staffing Issues &
Evidence Based Practice Discussionalready choose the PICO question: Question: If nurses on
the med-surg unit had less patients would there be a decrease in errors made?and article is
included**must be 7th edition APA, manual includedNurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based
Practice Discussionattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3attachment_4Unformatted
Attachment PreviewQualitative Critique Paper Nevada State College | School of Nursing The
purpose of this assignment is to apply evaluative criteria to one qualitative research article.
Writing and grading criteria are posted for the paper and should be reviewed before writing
the paper. To complete the assignment, the group will need: 1. Retrieve one qualitative
research study that relates to your PICO question 2. Outline for Qualitative Critique Paper
(below) 3. APA Style manual 4. Research textbook to use as rationale for analysis Specific
guidelines for the assignment are as follows: 1. Retrieve one qualitative research study that
relates to your PICO question 2. Critique the article, using the outline below. The content of
the paper should answer all of the questions within the criteria. Use the textbook to justify
your analysis. 3. Write a scholarly paper, formatted in APA style, double spaced, 10-12 pitch
font, with 1-inch margins. Do not include an abstract. Proper referencing must be used
within the paper and in the reference list. Plagiarism guidelines must be followed. The
paper is to include a title page, section headings, page numbers, references, citations within
the paper, and a separate reference page. Correct grammar and spelling are important, as is
clarity of writing. This is to be a scholarly scientific paper. 4. The paper should not exceed 6
pages, including the title page and reference page. Content beyond 4 pages of content will
not be graded. Students may submit to SMARTHINKING for editing assistance or work with
the NSC Writing Center. 5. Submit electronic copy via Canvas drop box. Only Word
documents are accepted; do not submit a PDF or an Apple pages document. 6. Submit a pdf
copy of the article selected for review 7. Evaluation of the assignment will be based on the
grading form found in this document. 8. Papers must be submitted by due date for full
credit. If illness or an emergency prevents a student from meeting deadlines, the instructor
must be notified before the deadline. There will be a 50% grade reduction for late papers,
received within 24 hours after the due date and time. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence
Based Practice DiscussionStudents will receive a grade of “0” for any assignment that is over
one day late or for plagiarism. Qualitative Critique Criteria A. Phenomenon 1. What is the
phenomenon? 2. Is the significance of this topic documented in the literature review at the
beginning of article? B. Purpose and Method 1. What is the study purpose? Is it clearly

2. stated? Where? 2. Describe the specific qualitative method used in the study. 3. Is the study
purpose consistent with the specific qualitative method? Cite textbook as rationale. C.
Literature review 1. Summarize the existing body of knowledge in the literature review, as
it relates to the phenomenon of interest. 2. What gap in knowledge is identified in the lit
review? D. Sample 1. What makes participants credible? How were they selected? List
inclusion/exclusion criteria. 2. Was data saturation given as rationale for sample size?
Compare rationale with textbook. 3. How were participants’ rights protected? Are IRB
approval and consents mentioned? E. Data collection and analysis 1. What procedures were
used to gather data? Are the data collection procedures consistent with the method?
Compare with textbook. 2. What steps were used to analyze data? Is the data analysis
procedure consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. F. Results 1. Summarize the
findings (themes) of the study. 2. Were the findings justified by data (quotes)? Do the
findings tell a complete story? (give rationale) G. Implications for Practice 1. What
implications for practice are discussed by the researcher? 2. Do the findings have
transferability or implications for your own nursing practice? What do you think?
Qualitative Critique Grading Form Area Potential Points A. Phenomenon (10%) 3. What is
the phenomenon? 5 4. Is the significance of this topic documented in the literature review at
the beginning of article? B. Purpose and Method (15%) 4. What is the study purpose? Is it
clearly stated? Where? 5. 6. Describe the specific qualitative method used in the study. Is the
study purpose consistent with the specific qualitative method? Cite textbook as rationale. C.
Literature review (10%) 3. Summarize the existing body of knowledge in the literature
review, as it relates to the phenomenon of interest. 4. What gap in knowledge is identified in
the lit review? D. Sample (15%) 4. What makes participants credible? How were they
selected? List inclusion/exclusion criteria. 5. 6. 5 5 5 5 5 5 How were participants’ rights
protected? Are IRB approval and consents mentioned? 5 What steps were used to analyze
data? Is the data analysis procedure consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. F.
Results (10%) 3. Summarize the findings (themes) of the study. 4. 5 Was data saturation
given as rationale for sample size? Compare rationale with textbook. E. Data collection and
analysis (10%) 3. What procedures were used to gather data? Are the data collection
procedures consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. 4. 5 Were the findings
justified by data (quotes)? Do the findings tell a complete story ? (give rationale) 5 5 5 5
Earned Points Comments G. Implications for Practice ( 10%) 3. What implications for
practice are discussed by the researcher? 4. Do the findings have transferability or
implications for your own nursing practice? What do you think? H. Paper formatted in APA
style (20%) 1. References cited in text per APA style NOTE: Check Turn-It-In score to avoid
plagiarism due to failure to credit sources appropriately. 2. References cited in reference list
per APA style 3. 4. Headings, page numbers, and other formatting appropriate. Max 6 pages
Including title and reference pages. Content beyond 4 pages of content will not be graded.
Spelling, grammar, writing style scholarly and clear. TOTAL 5 5 5 5 5 5 100% Running head:
QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE Qualitative Critique (Example Paper) Michael Johnson Nevada
State College, School of Nursing 1 QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 2 Qualitative Critique (Example
Paper) Phenomenon Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionThe study,
“Addressing health disparities of lesbian and bisexual women: A grounded theory study,”

3. addresses encounters between lesbian and bisexual (LB) women and their healthcare
provider (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). Women who are LB encounter numerous barriers to
equitable healthcare services, such as lack of quality care and discriminatory healthcare
settings. The significance of this topic is well documented at the beginning of the article.
Literature Review Women who are LB experience numerous barriers to equitable
healthcare, which presumably leads to disparities in health and healthcare. Barriers include
lack of quality care from providers and systematic discrimination from healthcare systems.
As a result, women who are LB underutilize routine health screenings, including Pap smears
and tests for sexually transmitted infections. Also, women who are LB experience higher
levels of negative outcomes, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014). The authors stated that the gap and reason for conducting this study was the fact
that “few published research studies have addressed health services for LB women”
(Johnson & Nemeth, 2014, p. 636). Purpose and Method At the end of the background
section, the authors stated that “understanding health care services from the perspective of
LB women is integral to addressing health care inequities and health disparities” (Johnson
& Nemeth, 2014, p. 636). However, the authors did not explicitly state that this was the
author. They should have made it more apparent to the readers that this was the purpose of
the study. QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 3 The authors used grounded theory as the qualitative
method. Grounded theory is used when a researcher wants to discover the process of
something. The data for this method is mainly gathered through interviews (Schmidt &
Brown, 2019). Using grounded theory in Johnson and Nemeth’s (2014) study was
appropriate because they collected data through qualitative interviews to understand how
LB women experience healthcare delivery systems. Moreover, the article included a model
of the process LB women go through when seeking healthcare services. Sample The
inclusion criteria for this study was “self-identifying women between the age of 18 and 24
who identified with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual (e.g., lesbian, bisexual,
queer), and reported using health services during their adulthood” (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014, p. 636). The article did not list exclusion criteria. The article does not state how the
participants were selected other than that they all lived in the southwest United States. In
terms of credibility, the authors screened interested participants to ensure they met
inclusion criteria. No other details about credibility were included in the article. The study
included nine participants. The authors stated that data were saturated after the seventh
interview but conducted two more interviews to ensure no more codes emerged. Their
definition of data saturation was, “when no new codes or themes were found” (Johnson &
Nemeth, 2014, p. 637). This rationale matches with the textbook, which states that data
saturation is when no new information is obtained and repetition of information is
consistently heard (Schmidt & Brown, 2019). The authors received institutional review
board approval from Medical University of South Carolina. Participants were required to
read a statement of research and then provide QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 4 verbal informed
consent (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). The authors did not provide any additional details on
how participants’ rights were protected. Data Collection and Analysis The authors
conducted semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews to collect the data. Also, the
authors used an interview guide to conduct the interviews. The interviews were

4. audiorecorded and then professionally transcribed. After the interview, the authors
collected demographic information from the participants (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). These
data collection strategies are appropriate for the grounded theory method (Schmidt &
Brown, 2019). Data analysis of the transcribed interviews was conducted in a software
program called NVivo 10.0. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionThe
authors describe a multistep approach: 1) open coding, which is a process of reading
transcripts and assigning labels to sections, 2) grouping open codes together using the
constant comparative method, 3) using the grouped codes to create focused codes, and 4)
using the constant comparative method to group the focused codes into final themes
(Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). This data analysis procedure is similar to that described in the
textbook, which emphasizes the importance of using the constant comparison approach
(Schmidt & Brown, 2019). Results This study identified six themes that were sorted into an
explanatory framework that sequences the progression of participants through their
healthcare experiences. The three phases included: 1) pre-interaction, 2) health care
interaction, and 3) outcomes. Under the preinteraction phase, the themes were seeking
health care and expectations. Under the health care interaction phase, the themes were
disclosure of sexual orientation and moment of truth (provider QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 5
attributes). Under the outcomes phase, the themes were proximal outcomes and health
outcomes (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). The authors provided numerous quotes to justify
each theme. The final themes within the context of the healthcare model are logical and
linear. The themes and participants’ quotes do a good job of telling a complete story. I am
able to understand the process that women who are LB go through when seeking healthcare
services. Implications for Practice There is a section of the paper dedicated to discussing the
implications for policy and practice. The authors emphasized the importance of removing
practice- and policy-level barriers to LB women receiving quality healthcare. Also, the
authors discuss the lack of health outcome data available on LB women and recommend
that policymakers and healthcare institutions should collect this data (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014). Yes, I think the findings in this study are transferable to my own nursing practice. I
am going to encounter patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender in my
practice. I should have a basic level of knowledge about the needs of these populations and
be able to effectively communicate with them. Moreover, I should be cognizant of the
attitude I portray through my verbal and non-verbal communication when interacting with
patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. These are the main findings from
Johnson and Nemeth’s (2014) study that are applicable to my own nursing practice.
QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 6 References Johnson, M. J., & Nemeth, L. S. (2014). Addressing
health disparities of lesbian and bisexual women: A grounded theory study. Women’s
Health Issues, 24(6), 635-640. Doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.08.003 Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. A.
(2019). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (4th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. International Journal of Nursing Studies 52
(2015) 1300–1309 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Nursing
Studies journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ijns Nurse staf?ng issues are just the tip of
the iceberg: A qualitative study about nurses’ perceptions of nurse staf?ng Catharina J. van
Oostveen a,b,*, Elke Mathijssen a,c, Hester Vermeulen a,b,d a Department of Quality

5. Assurance & Process Innovation, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box
22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Clinical Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands d
Amsterdam School of Health Professions, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100
DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands b A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history:
Received 25 April 2014 Received in revised form 30 March 2015 Accepted 2 April 2015
Objective: To obtain in-depth insight into the perceptions of nurses in the Netherlands
regarding current nurse staf?ng levels and use of nurse-to-patient-ratios (NPR) and patient
classi?cation systems (PCS). Background: In response to rising health care demands due to
ageing of the patient population and increasing complexity of healthcare, hospital boards
have been implementing NPRs and PCSs. However, many nurses at the unit level believe
that staf?ng levels have become critically low, endangering the quality and safety of their
patient care. Methods: This descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was conducted
in a 1000bed Dutch university hospital among 24 wards of four specialties (surgery,
internal medicine, neurology, gynaecology & obstetrics and paediatric care). Nurse Staffing
Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionData were collected from September until
December 2012. To collect data four focus groups (n = 44 nurses) were organized.
Additionally, a total of 27 interviews (20 head nurses, 4 nurse directors and 3 quality
advisors) were conducted using purposive sampling. The focus groups and interviews were
audiotaped, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Nurse staf?ng issues
appear to be merely the ‘tip of the iceberg’. Below the surface three underlying main themes
became clear – nursing behaviour, authority, and autonomy – which are linked by one
overall theme: nurses’ position. In general, nurses’ behaviour, way of thinking, decision-
making and communication of thoughts or information differs from other healthcare
disciplines, e.g. physicians and quality advisors. This results in a perceived and actual lack of
authority and autonomy. This in turn hinders them to plead for adequate nurse staf?ng in
order to achieve the common goal of safe and high-quality patient care. Nurses desired a
valid nursing care intensity system as an interdisciplinary and objective communication
tool that makes nursing care visible and creates possibilities for better positioning of nurses
in hospitals and further professionalization in terms of enhanced authority and autonomy.
Conclusions: The perceived subservient position of nurses in the hospital appears to be the
root cause of nurse staf?ng problems. It is yet unknown whether an objective PCS to
measure nursing care intensity would help them communicate effectively and credibly,
thereby improving their own position. ß 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords:
Inter-professional relationships Nurse staff hospital/organization & administration
Qualitative research Professional autonomy Personnel staf?ng and scheduling Personnel
staf?ng and scheduling information system/classi?cation Professional practice Safety
Quality of healthcare Workload * Corresponding author at: Department of Quality
Assurance & Process Innovation, Surgical Department, Room G4-141, Academic Medical
Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 20 5664577. E-
mail address: c.j.vanoostveen@amc.nl (C.J. van Oostveen).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.002 0020-7489/ß 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All

6. rights reserved. C.J. van Oostveen et al. / International Journal of Nursing Studies 52 (2015)
1300–1309 What is already known about the topic? Patients in hospitals with high
workload, caused by low nurse-to-patient ratios, experience higher mortality rates. High
workload has a signi?cant impact on nurses’ job satisfaction and ability to innovate. What
this paper adds The position of nurses appears to be crucial for nurse staf?ng: lack of
autonomy leads to nurse staf?ng problems. Nurses perceive a patient classi?cation system
to be an ‘autonomous staf?ng aid’, helping them to communicate across disciplines and have
their work valued by others. Dutch nursing organizational model should move from a
‘functional model’ to a ‘professional model’ to support nurses’ work and capacity for
innovation. 1. Introduction Nurses represent the single largest group of healthcare
professionals in hospitals, and nursing care consumes a substantial proportion of hospital
costs (Aiken et al., 2012; Hurst, 2010; Welton et al., 2010). Therefore, it is important that
nurses’ time is used ef?ciently and effectively (Hurst, 2010). Cost containment demands and
budget restraints underscore the need for adequate nurse staf?ng to ensure high-quality
care in the most economical way (Welton et al., 2010). Ideally, the demand for care and
personnel staf?ng match perfectly and in?uence patient outcomes positively (e.g. nurse-
sensitive outcomes and adverse events) as well as personnel outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction
and absenteeism). However, nurses have reported that their staf?ng levels are inadequate
to provide high-quality care (Aiken et al., 2002; Sochalski, 2001). Indeed, nurse staf?ng
levels and patient outcomes are positively correlated (Aiken et al., 2002, 2014; Kane et al.,
2007), while in hospitals with high patient-to-nurse ratios (NPRs), higher mortality and
failure-to-rescue rates (Aiken et al., 2002, 2014; Kane et al., 2007) are reported.
Furthermore, nurses are more likely to suffer from burnout experiencing high workload
(Aiken et al., 2002; Rafferty et al., 2007). The economic formula to match the demand for
care to nurse supply was found far from simple in clinical practice (Fasoli and Haddock,
2010). This explains the many staf?ng models used on the patient interaction, health care
organization, and policy levels. The NPRs in California are an example of a nurse staf?ng
model on the policy level. In 1999, Ca …Purchase answer to see full attachmentNurse
Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion