to learn tajweed rules easily

1. Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th
February 2008) of this
work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don’’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have
tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be
useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this
material, we have referred to the following books:
1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers,
Chennai, India. [In Tamil]
2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi,
Pakistan. [In English]
3
. ϋ
ΰ
˷
Ε
ϋ
Β
ϴ
Ϊ
΍
ϟ
Ϊ
ϋ
Ύ
α , ϓ
Ϧ
˷
΍
ϟ
Θ
Π
Ϯ
ϳ
Ϊ , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]
4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]
We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or
comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of
this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.
Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.
Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.com
Contact Address:
M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,
24-E, Mohideen Street,
Kayalpatnam –– 628 204.
Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
TAJWEED RULES
PREFACE
1

2. RULES OF TAJWEED
RULES OF
ST OPPING
PUNCTUATIO N
MARKS
ST OPPING AN D
INITIATIO N
MOLAR
T O NGUE
PALATAL
CO NSO NAN TS
UVULAR
CO NSO NAN TS
PHARYNGEAL
(T HROAT)
CO NSO NAN TS
NASAL CAVIT Y
(NASALIZ ATIO N)
LABIAL (LIP)
CO NSO NAN TS
IN TER- DEN TAL
ALVEO - DEN TAL
DEN TAL
CO NSO NAN TS
ALVEOLAR
CO NSO NAN TS
PLACES OF ARTICULATIO N
RULES OF MAD D ASSIMILATIO N
RULES OF RAA
RULES OF LAAM
RULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
N O O N SAKINAH AN D
TANWEEN
MUSHAD DAD N O O N
AN D MEEM
QALQALAH
RULES OF
LET TERS
2

3. T HE RULES OF LET TERS
RULES OF
MAD D
RULES OF
ASSIMILATIO N
RULES OF RAA
RULES OF
LAAM
RULES OF
MUSHAD DAD N O O N
AN D MEEM
RULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
RULES OF
QALQALAH
RULES OF N O O N
SAKINAH AN D TANWEEN
NATURAL MAD D
DERIVED MAD D
IDEN TICAL
LET TERS
SAME PLACE OF
ARTICULATIO N
CLOSE PLACE OF
ARTICULATIO N
IT H - HAAR SHAFAWI
IDGHAAM SHAFAWI
IKHFAA SHAFAWI
IT H - HAAR
IDGHAAM
IKHFAA
IQLAAB
LAAM JALALAH
LAAM TA'RIF
LAAM
QAMARIYYAH
LAAM
SHAMSIYYAH
LAAM OF
VERB
T HE RULES OF LET TERS [Contd ...]
3

4. WAYS T O START RECITING
SURAHS
PERMIT TED WAYS
T O RECITE
READ , AN D
SEPARATELY
READ , AN D
JOIN TLY
READ ,
JOIN TLY AN D
SEPARATELY
READ SEPARATELY.
T HEN AN D
JOIN TLY
WAYS OF RECITING SURAHS
CO N TINUOUSLY
PERMIT TED WAYS
T O RECITE
READ CURREN T ,
AN D NEX T
SEPARATELY
READ CURREN T
SEPARATELY. T HEN
AN D NEX T JOIN TLY
READ CURREN T ,
AN D NEX T
JOIN TLY
WAY N O T
PERMIT TED T O
RECITE
READ CURREN T ,
JOIN TLY AN D
NEX T
SEPARATELY
4

5. ˴
Ϛ˸ϧ˵
Ϊ˴
ϟ ˸Ϧ˶
ϣ
,
˲
Ϣ˸ϴ˶
Σ˴
έ ˲
έ˸Ϯ˵
ϔ˴
Ϗ
,
N O O N SAKINAH OR TANWEEN
IDGHAAM
IQLAAB
IKHFAA
IT H - HAAR
(READ CLEARLY)
(With Stress)
(Assimilation of one
letter into another)
(CO NVERT OR
TANWEEN T O )
(USE N OSE)
(Without Stress)
RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS T HAT APPEAR AFTER N O O N SAKINAH OR TANWEEN
OR
, , ,
, ,
Exceptions in Idghaam:
1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [ and ]
2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the words
3. If OR appears in same word after , Read clearly ( )
5

6. MEEM SAKINAH
IDGHAAM SHAFAWI
IKHFAA SHAFAWI
IT H - HAAR SHAFAWI
(READ CLEARLY)
O T HER LET TERS
EX CEPT &
(With Stress)
(USE N OSE, WIT H
STRESS)
RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS T H AT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH
RULES OF MUSHAD DAD N O O N
AN D MEEM
READ AN D WIT H STRESS,
EVEN WHILE ST OPPING
For Noon Shaddah: ,
For Meem Shaddah: ,
6

7. RULES FOR READING Q ALQ ALAH CHARACTERS T HAT APPEAR WIT H
SUKUN: READ WIT H ECH O SOUN D
QALQALAH
[WEAK ECH O]
IF ANY O NE OF T HE QALQALAH
CHARACTERS WIT H SUKUN APPEARS
IN T HE MID DLE OF A WORD
[STRO NG ECH O]
IF ANY O NE OF T HE QALQALAH
CHARACTERS WIT H SUKUN
APPEARS AT T HE EN D OF A WORD
AN D WHEN WE ST OP AT IT
7

8. RULES OF IDGHAAM
IDGHAAM
IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED
BY - OR - OR -
MUTAMAAT HILAIN MUTAQARIBAIN MUTAJANISAIN
IF T HE SUKUN LET TER
AN D T HE NEX T LET TER
ARE SAME
IF T HE SUKUN LET TER
AN D T HE NEX T LET TER
ARE DIFFEREN T BUT
WIT H SAME ORIGIN
IF T HE SUKUN LET TER
AN D T HE NEX T LET TER
ARE DIFFEREN T BUT
WIT H CLOSE-BY ORIGIN
Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger
1. If both identical letters are with harakah
2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ and ]
3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters
If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ or
preceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
merger without nasalization
is pronounced as
8

9. RULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE T O CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH T HAT APPEAR
O N OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT
RULES OF 'RAA'
STRO NG SOFT
BO T H T YPE
STRO NG &
SOFT
1. RAA WIT H FAT HAH OR D HAMMAH OR FAT HATAIN OR
D HAMMATAIN [ ]
2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WIT H SHAD DAH [ ]
3. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS EIT HER
WIT H D HAMMAH OR FAT HAH [ , ]
4. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS WIT H
SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE T HAT IS WIT H FAT HAH
OR D HAMMAH [ , ]
5. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS WIT H
TRUE KASRAH AN D T HE LET TER AFTER RAA IS ANY O NE OF
T HESE CHARACTERS ( ) CALLED AS
6. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS WIT H
TEMPORARY KASRAH [ ]
1. RAA WIT H KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ , ]
2. SAME AS 1ST POIN T BUT WIT H SHAD DAH [ , ]
3. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS WIT H
KASRAH [ ]
4. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS WIT H
SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE T HAT IS WIT H
KASRAH [ ]
5. RAA WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE IS
WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE LET TER BEFORE T HAT IS WIT H
FAT HAH [ ]
6. T HE WORD
1. - - PREFER SOFT
2. - - PREFER SOFT
3. - - PREFER STRO NG
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
9

10. RULES FOR READING LAAM
LAAM IN T HE WORD
STRO NG
OR
IF FAT HAH OR D H AMMAH
APPEARS BEFORE
SOFT
IF KASRAH APPEARS
BEFORE
LAAM IN WORDS
O T HER T HAN
SOFT
LAAM SHAMSIYYAH
LAAM IS N O T
PRO N OUNCED
LAAM QAMARIYYAH
LAAM IS
PRO N OUNCED
, ,
,
LAAM TA'RIF
READING LAAM WIT H O T HER
CHARACTERS
LAAM OF VERB
Pronounced as , if at
the beginning or middle of
the verb
Pronounced as , if
followed by raa or laam
,
is pronounced as
Exception: No Idghaam if
there is sakata
10

11. RULES FOR READING ALIF
READING ALIF
STRO NG SOFT
IF ANY O NE OF T HE
CHARACTERS ( )
APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ
ALIF STRO NGLY
IF CHARACTERS O T HER
T HAN
CHARACTERS APPEAR
BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF
SOFTLY
11

12. RULES FOR READING MAD D CHARACTERS [1]
, ,
RULES OF MAD D
NA TURAL MAD D DERIVED MAD D
1. MAD D SH OULD N O T BE
FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ]
OR HAMZ AH [ ]
2. READ AS O NE ALIF
3. O T HER NAMES: 'JAATI'
OR 'TABAYI'
MAD D SH OULD BE
FOLLOWED BY SUKUN
[ ] OR HAMZ AH [ ]
MAD D MUT TASIL MAD D MUNFASIL MAD D LAA ZIM MAD D AARID H
1.MAD D IS FOLLOWED
BY HAMZ AH IN SAME
WORD
2. READ AS 4 T O 5 ALIF
3. O T HER NAME: 'MAD D
WAJIB'
1. MAD D IS FOLLOWED BY
HAMZ AH IN DIFFEREN T
WORD
2. READ AS 2 T O 4 ALIF
3. O T HER NAME: 'MAD D
JAIZ'
1. MAD D IS FOLLOWED
BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL
SUKUN]
2. READ AS 3 T O 5 ALIF
1. MAD D IS FOLLOWED
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
2. READ AS ANY O NE OF
T HREE T YPES [Refer next
page]
Contd ...
MAD D BADAL MAD D IWAD H
MAD D LET TER IS
PRECEEDED BY
HAM Z AH
ALIF REPLACES
FAT HATAIN WHEN
O NE ST OPS O N IT
,
, IS READ AS
12

13. RULES FOR READING MAD D CHARACTERS [2]
MAD D LAA ZIM
MAD D AARID H
READING IN ANY O NE T YPE IS
OUR CH OICE [BE CO NSISTEN T]
KALIMA MUT HAQ QAL KALIMA MUKHAFFAF HARFI MUT HAQ QAL HARFI MUKHAFFAF
SHAD DAH APPEARS
AFTER IN O NE
WORD -
SUKUN APPEARS
AFTER IN O NE
WORD -
SHAD DAH APPEARS O N
IN O NE CHARACTER
SUKUN APPEARS O N
IN O NE CHARACTER
Q ASR
READ AS O NE ALIF
TAWASSUT
READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF
T O OL
READ AS 5 ALIF
Exception: The word in
can be read with or without
O NLY PLACE
CHANGE T O
13

14. RULES FOR READING MAD D CHARACTERS
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of Madd
ϣ
Ϊ
˷
σ
Β
˶
ϴ
˸
ό
˶
ϰ
˸
Explanation
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬ and ‫ﺀ‬ appear adjacently in one word
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬ and ‫ﺀ‬ appear adjacently but in two
words
Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or
dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping
‫ﺀ‬ is followed by ‫ﺍ‬ or ‫ﻭ‬ or ‫ﻱ‬
Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while
stopping
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬ is followed by sukun [ ]
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻑ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬ is followed by saddha in one word
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻘ‬
‫ﺺ‬
‫ﻋ‬
‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻢ‬
‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫ﻃ‬
‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺮ‬
,
Haa Dameer (ϩ) is followed by ˯
Haa Dameer (ϩ) is followed by any character
other than ˯
Hamzah Isthifham (΃) is followed by Shaddah
Madd (΍ , ϭ , ϱ) should not be followed by
sukun or Hamzah
‫ﻱ‬
 is followed by ‫ﻱ‬

Examples
is changed to
Elongation in
Counts ( Σ
ή
ϛ
Δ )
2 to 5
2 to 6
2
2
6
6
6
2
2 to 6
6
6
2
2
,
,
,
,
is changed to
is actually
,
,
,
,
is changed to
,
,
,
,
First 14 Madd types are called as
5
2
14

15. RULES OF HURUF LEEN
HURUF LEEN
,
MAD D LEEN
LAA ZIM
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED
BY TRUE SUKUN
2. READ AS OR OR .
BUT IS BET TER
MAD D LEEN
AARID H
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED
BY TEMPORARY SUKUN
2. READ AS OR OR
N O O N QUT NI
IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER
TANWEEN, T HEN:
1. CHANGE TANWEEN T O KASRAH
2. AD D A N O O N WIT H KASRAH
BETWEEN T HEM
Exception:
1. IF WE ST OP AT TANWEEN,
T HERE IS N O N O O N QUT NI
2. IN , ST OPPING IS
BET TER
O NLY TWO PLACES
,
,
15

16. RULES OF SILAH
SILAH MEANS READING
ELO NGATEDLY LIKE
SILAH BIL YAH
IF KASRAH COMES
BEFORE , READ
LIKE OF
SILAH BIL WAV
IF FAT HAH OR
D HAMMAH COMES
BEFORE , READ LIKE
OF
Exception: D HAMMAH APPEARS O N
INSTEAD OF KASRAH
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
Exception: SUKUN APPEARS
O N INSTEAD OF KASRAH
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
Exception: N O BECAUSE T HEY
ARE N O T BUT PART OF T HE
WORD ITSELF
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
Exception: IF WIT H SUKUN
APPEARS BEFORE , READ WIT H
KASRAH BUT WIT H OUT
ELO NGATIO N
BUT REA D WIT H ELO NGATIO N
Exception: IFANY T HING EX CEPT
WIT H SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ,
READ WIT H D HAMMAH
GENERAL RULE: IF A LET TER WIT H SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE , T HEN WE WO N'T READ
ELO NGATEDLY
Exception: D HAMMAH OF
IS N O T ELO NGATED
IN SURAH
Exception: IF APPEARS
BEFORE , T HEN AT T HE
EN D WILL BE REMO VED.
SO, T HERE IS N O
ELO NGATIO N
IS READ AS
16

17. RULES OF HAMZ AH
RULES OF HAMZ AH
HAM Z AH WASL HAMZ AH Q AT H
1. IF A WORD STARTS WIT H SUKUN, WE
AD D A HAMZ AH T O IT
2. T HIS HAMZ AH IS TEMPORARY HAMZ AH
3. IF T HIS HAMZ AH APPEARS BETWEEN
TWO WORDS, T HEN IT WILL N O T BE READ
1. T HIS HAMZ AH IS PART OF T HE
WORD
2. IF T HIS HAMZ AH APPEARS
BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE
READ
IF BEGINS WIT H AN D
T HIRD LET TER OF T HE WORD IS
D HAMMAH, T HEN D H AMMAH IS
GIVEN T O HAMZ AH
IF BEGINS WIT H AN D
T HIRD LET TER OF T HE WORD
IS FAT HAH OR KASRAH, T HEN
KASRAH IS GIVEN T O
HAM Z AH
IF T HE WORD BEGINS WIT H
DEFINITE ARTICLE , T HEN
FAT HAH IS GIVEN T O
HAM Z AH
is read as
is read as
is read as
is read as
IF BEGINS WIT H
, T HEN
KASRAH IS GIVEN
T O HAMZ AH
17

18. AMO NG TWO WORDS, IF
T HE FIRST W ORD EN DS
WIT H SUKUN AN D T HE
SECO N D WORD STARTS
WIT H SUKUN
IF T HE LET TER WIT H
SUKUN IN T HE FIRST
WORD IS A MAD D
LET TER, T HIS MAD D
LET TER IS REMO VED
IF T HE LET TER WIT H
SUKUN IN T HE FIRST
WORD IS N O T A MAD D
LET TER, T HEN READ
OR WIT H D HAMMAH
IF T HE LET TER WIT H
SUKUN IN T HE FIRST
WORD IS FROM
[Z AR], READ T HE
WIT H FAT HAH
IF T HE LET TER WIT H SUKUN
IN T HE FIRST WORD IS N O T
MAD D AN D N O T FROM
[Z AR], T HEN READ T HE
SUKUN LET TER WIT H
KASRAH
EX CEPTIO N:
IN SH OULD BE
READ WIT H FAT HAH
18

19. RULES OF ST OPPING
RULES FOR EN DING A
SEN TENCE
CHANGE FAT HAH OR
D HAMMAH OR KASRAH
OR D HAMMATAIN OR
KASRATAIN T O SUKUN
CHANGE FAT HATAIN
T O ALIF
CHANGE T O
N O TATIO NS IN H OLY
QURAN
MUST ST OP
O or or or
or or
MUST N O T
ST OP
PREFERRED
T O ST OP
PREFERRED
N O N -ST OP
or - or or
or
ST OP AN D
N O N -ST OP
ARE SAME
or or [
above O or ]
1. ST OP AT O NE :.
AN D N O T AT
AN O T HER :.
2. DIFFEREN T
OPINIO N PERSISTS
FOR
1. ST OPPED AT
2. PREFER ST OPPING AT
3. PREFER N O N -ST OP AT
ST OP AS
ST OP AS
ST OP AS ST OP AS
OBSERVE AS
PREVIOUS
SYMBOL IN
T HE AAYAH
GENERAL RULE:
1. WE MUST STOP AT ϡ . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN ϡ: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY,
YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR
TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
19

20. RULES OF SAKTA
SAKTA: ST OP T HE SOUN D BUT
D O N'T BREAK T HE BREAT H
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
IN SURAH
ACCORDING T O SOME
SCH OLARS
IN SURAH
GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA
AT THE POINT OF STOPPING
20

21. T HE PLACES OF ARTICULATIO N
MOLAR
CO NSO NAN T
PALATAL
CO NSO NAN TS
UVULAR
CO NSO NAN TS
LABIAL (LIP)
CO NSO NAN TS
IN TER- DEN TAL
CO NSO NAN TS
ALVEO - DEN TAL
CO NSO NAN TS
DEN TAL
CO NSO NAN TS
ALVEOLAR
CO NSO NAN TS
PHARYNGEAL
(T HROAT)
CO NSO NAN TS
LOWER T HROAT MID DLE T HROAT UPPER T HROAT
NASAL CAVIT Y
(NASALIZ ATIO N)
ORAL CAVIT Y
(V OWELS)
T HE PLACES OF ARTICULATIO N
21

22. 22