The document discusses building drone prototypes, gilding drones, and racing drones. It provides steps for designing and testing a drone prototype, including defining the use case, researching existing solutions, designing the prototype, testing it, iterating based on test results, and documenting the process. Gilding drones, also called glider drones, can fly without propulsion by exploiting rising air currents. They are capable of extended flight durations and some have small batteries. Racing drones are customized for speed and maneuverability, with powerful motors and advanced flight control for executing precise maneuvers through obstacle courses.

1. Matters of Discussion
– Building Drones Prototype
– Gilding Drones
– Racing Drones
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

2. Prototype
 Prototype means a first model or design that has not been
produced in batches, and from which the finished cosmetic
product is copied or finally developed.
 Prototype drone means a drone developed for the purpose
of research and development or obtaining a certificate of
airworthiness.
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3. Building Drones Prototype
 Drones are versatile and powerful tools that
can be used for various purposes, such as
surveying, mapping, delivery, photography,
and entertainment.
 However, designing and testing a drone
prototype for a specific use case requires
careful planning, research, and
experimentation.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

4. Steps to Design and Test a Drone Prototype
Step-1: Define your use case.
The first step in designing and testing a drone
prototype is to define your use case clearly and
realistically.
*What problem are you trying to solve with your
drone?
*Who are your target users or customers?
*What are the technical and operational
requirements and constraints of your drone?
*How will you measure the success of your drone?
Answering these questions will help you narrow
down your scope, identify your assumptions, and
set your objectives.
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5. Step-2: Research existing solutions
The next step is to research existing solutions that
are similar or related to your use case.
 look for other drone models, platforms,
components, software, standards, and
regulations that can inspire or inform your
design.
 analyze the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of these solutions,
and identify the gaps or needs that your drone
can fill or address.
 This will help you benchmark your prototype,
avoid reinventing the wheel, and find your
unique value proposition.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

6. Step-3: Design your prototype
The third step is to design your prototype based on your
use case and research.
 use various tools and methods, such as sketches,
wireframes, mockups, 3D models, CAD software, and
simulations, to visualize and refine your drone
concept.
 consider the following aspects of your prototype:
 the size, shape, weight, and material of your drone;
 the type, number, and configuration of your
propellers, motors, and batteries;
 the sensors, cameras, and communication devices
that your drone will use;
 the flight controller, firmware, and software that will
control your drone;
 and the safety, security, and ethical implications of
your drone.
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7. Step-4: Test your prototype
The fourth step is to test your prototype in various
scenarios and conditions that match or simulate your use
case.
 prepare a test plan that outlines your objectives,
hypotheses, metrics, methods, tools, and procedures
for testing your prototype.
 follow the relevant laws and regulations for flying
drones in your area, and ensure that you have the
proper permissions, insurance, and safety measures.
 collect and analyze data from your tests, such as flight
time, speed, altitude, accuracy, stability, reliability,
and user feedback, and use it to evaluate your
prototype's performance and usability.
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8. Step-5: Iterate your prototype
The fifth step is to iterate your prototype based
on the results and insights from your tests.
 identify the problems, issues, or limitations
of your prototype, and prioritize the ones
that are most critical or impactful for your
use case.
 brainstorm and implement possible solutions
or improvements for your prototype, and
test them again.
 You should repeat this process until you
reach a satisfactory level of quality and
functionality for your prototype.
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9. Step-6: Document your prototype
The final step is to document your prototype and
its development process.
 create a comprehensive and organized record of
your use case, research, design, testing, and
iteration, and include relevant information, such
as sketches, diagrams, photos, videos, code,
data, and feedback.
 explain the rationale, challenges, and learnings
behind your prototype, and highlight its
features, benefits, and impacts.
 This will help you communicate your prototype
to others, such as potential users, customers,
partners, or investors, and showcase your skills
and creativity.
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10. Gilding Drone/Glider Drone
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11. Gilding Drone/Glider Drone
The Gannet Glider Drone (GGD) is an air-launched drone that
can be launched by unmanned as well as manned aircraft
systems.
 deliver mission payloads with high accuracy.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

12. Cont..
 A glider drone, often referred to simply as a "glider," is an
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed to fly without a
propulsion system, such as an engine or propellers.
 Main components:-
Wings- provides lifter of Glider
Stabilizer- to stable on air
vertical fin
- steers the aircraft to the left and right sides.
- provide directional stability.
- static part of the vertical tail of an aircraft.
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13. Cont..
 Have you ever made a paper plane? Well, a paper plane is an
example of a glider.
 A glider does not depend on engines; it depends on
aerodynamics and the physics of flying, like a bird hovering in
the air without moving its wings.
 The gliding drone is little bit more complicated than the usual
copters.
 Glider drones are also known as fixed wing drones:
Ex-Glider (DG Flugzeugbau DG-800).
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14. Cont..[ Key features of Glider drone]
 Aerodynamic Design:
Glider drones have wings and a fuselage designed
to generate lift and maintain flight without the
need for constant propulsion. They are typically
built for efficient gliding through the air.
 Sustained Flight:
Glider drones are capable of extended flight
durations. Their ability to exploit rising air currents,
such as thermals and updrafts, allows them to stay
flying for extended periods.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

15. Cont..
 Energy Sources:
The primary energy sources for glider drones are
potential energy (from launching) and the natural
lift in the atmosphere. Some advanced gliders may
also have small batteries to power onboard
electronics and control systems.
 Payload Capacity:
Gliders typically have a limited payload capacity
due to their lightweight design. Payloads may
include cameras, sensors, and other equipment for
data collection.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

16. Cont..
 Autonomous Operation:
Many glider drones are equipped with autopilot
systems and GPS navigation to enable autonomous
flight and predefined mission planning.
They can be programmed to follow specific flight
paths or return to a designated landing site.
 Landing Methods:
Glider drones have various landing methods, such
as conventional landings on runways or designated
landing areas, or they can be captured mid-air by a
ground-based operator.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

17. Cont.. Glider drone
APPLICATIONS:
Surveillance and Reconnaissance: Glider drones are used
for silent and low-observable aerial surveillance, making
them suitable for military and civilian applications.
Environmental Monitoring: They are employed for tasks
like monitoring wildlife, tracking weather patterns, and
assessing environmental conditions.
Scientific Research: Gliders are used for atmospheric
research, oceanography, and meteorological studies.
Search and Rescue: In some cases, gliders equipped with
imaging sensors can assist in search and rescue
operations.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

18. FPV stands for first-person view. So, when it comes to
flying an FPV drone, essentially this means that pilots of
FPV drones see what the drone sees.
FPV drones are flown with the pilot wearing a set of
goggles, which lets them see what the drone camera is
seeing.
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Racing Drone[ FPV]

19. Racing Drone
Racing drones are a fusion of technology,
aviation, and sportsmanship.
They have led to the development of advanced
flight controllers, propellers, and other
components that have broader applications in
the drone industry.
FPV racing drones—
HAWK 5 ; X-Speed 280 V2 ; F210 3D; DJI FPV
combo
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

20. Cont..
Drone racing is a sport where participants control
"drones" (typically small radio-controlled aircraft or
quadcopters), equipped with cameras while wearing
head-mounted displays showing the live stream
camera feed.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

21. Key Features
Compact and Lightweight: Racing drones are typically small and
lightweight, allowing them to navigate through tight spaces and make
rapid turns.
FPV (First-Person View): Most racing drones are equipped with FPV
systems that provide real-time video feeds to the pilot's goggles or a
monitor, giving them a first-person view from the drone's perspective.
Custom-Built: Enthusiasts and professional racers often build or
customize their racing drones to suit their specific preferences and
requirements. This allows for flexibility in component selection and
tuning.
High-Powered Motors: Racing drones are equipped with powerful
electric motors, which provide the thrust necessary for rapid
acceleration and high speeds.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

22. Cont..
Agile Flight Control: They feature advanced flight controllers that
enable pilots to execute precise maneuvers, such as flips, rolls, and
sharp turns.
Propeller Guards: To protect both the drone and the environment,
racing drones often include propeller guards.
Simplified Design: Racing drones tend to have a streamlined design
with minimal components to reduce weight and enhance speed.
Lipo Batteries: Most racing drones use lithium-polymer (LiPo)
batteries, which provide high power-to-weight ratios for quick bursts
of speed.
Transponders: In competitive racing, drones are often equipped with
transponders for accurate timing and tracking of laps.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

23. Cont..
Racecourses: Racing drones fly through complex and obstacle-filled courses,
often featuring gates, flags, and obstacles that challenge the pilot's skills.
Diverse Racing Leagues: Drone racing has evolved into various leagues and
organizations, including the Drone Racing League (DRL) and the MultiGP
Drone Racing League, which host competitive events and championships.
Spectator Sport: Drone racing has gained popularity as a spectator sport,
with events broadcasted on television and online platforms.
Skill-Based: Racing drones require a high level of piloting skill, and
competitive pilots often practice extensively to improve their abilities.
Safety Considerations: Racing drones can be extremely fast and powerful, so
safety precautions are crucial. Race organizers typically establish rules to
ensure safe racing environments.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

24. Cont..
drone-racing · GitHub Topics
https://github.com/topics/drone-racing?l=python
An open-source hardware racing drone design
and demonstration RL software for the artificial
intelligence robotic drone race competitions.
Glider Drone
https://github.com/topics/glider
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

25. ACTIVITY[A8]
Investigate the designing and testing practices
of a drone prototype for a specific real world
application use case.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

26. QURIES
1. designing and testing practices of a drone
prototype.
2. Glider drone design, components, key
features, and applications.
3. FPV Racing drones design, components, key
features, and application.
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]

27. Cheers For the Great Patience!
Query Please?
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Compiled By: Dr. Nilamadhab Mishra [(PhD- CSIE) Taiwan]