The document discusses place value and how numbers can be decomposed into their individual digit places of hundreds thousands, tens thousands, thousands, hundreds, tens and ones. An example shows 854,369 decomposed as 8 hundreds thousands, 5 tens thousands, 4 thousands, 3 hundreds, 6 tens and 9 ones. The document also covers comparing numbers based on their place values from left to right and using symbols to show greater than or less than relationships.