3d printing.,uses application. It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you
want to create.
This virtual design is made in a CAD(Computer Aided Design) file using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a new object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object.3d scanners use different technologies to generate a 3d
model such as time-of-flight, structured/modulated light,
volumetric scanning, and many more. [1]
models will become as easy as taking a picture. Prices of 3d
scanners range from very expensive professional industrial
devices to 30 USD DIY devices anyone can make at home.
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3d printing.pptx
1.
2. Concepts of 3D-printing
By
Romissaa Aly
Assistant lecturer of Oral Medicine,
Periodontology, Diagnosis and Dental
Radiology (Al-Azhar Univerisity)
3. It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you
want to create.
This virtual design is made in a CAD(Computer Aided Design) file
using a 3D modeling program (for the creation of a totally new
object) or with the use of a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object).
A 3D scanner makes a 3D digital copy of an object. [1]
4. 3d scanners use different technologies to generate a 3d
model such as time-of-flight, structured / modulated light,
volumetric scanning and many more. [1]
models will become as easy as taking a picture. Prices of 3d
scanners range from very expensive professional industrial
devices to 30 USD DIY devices anyone can make at home.
5. To prepare a digital file for printing, the 3D modeling
software “slices” the final model into hundreds or thousands of
horizontal layers
When the sliced file is uploaded in a 3D printer, the object can be
created layer by layer.
The 3D printer reads every slice (or 2D image) and creates the
object, blending each layer with hardly any visible sign of
the layers, with as a result the three dimensional object
6. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the most effective
techniques for developing 3D objects by deposition of source
materials, such as polymers or ceramics, in a layered manner.1
7. It is also referred to as rapid prototyping (RP), solid free-
form technology (SFF), or additive manufacturing (AM).2,3
In 1981Dr. Hideo Kodama invented the rapid prototyping
machine that could polymerize resin using ultraviolet (UV)
light and fabricate parts layer-by-layer.4
8. Chuck Hull, the “inventor of 3D printing”, filed the first patent
for stereolithography in 1986.5
He created and commercialized selective laser sintering (SLS)
and the .stl format (the general file type for 3D printing).
SLS, a different type of 3D printer, was first licensed by a
student atthe University of Texas, Carl Deckard, in 1988.6 In
1989, fuseddeposition modeling (FDM) was patented by Scott
Crump.
9.
10.
11. Figure 10. A) 3D bioprinting with bi-phasic support liquid for the manufacturing of thin-
walled, multi-layered hydrogel structures. B) Schematic illustration
of the velocity and shear stress distribution as well as the stress impinged on cells inside a
bioprinter nozzle. Reproduced with permission.[35
32. the branch of physics that deals with the deformation and
flow of matter, especially the non-Newtonian flow
of liquids and the plastic flow of solids.
33.
34.
35. nozzle. noun. noz·zle ˈnäz-əl. : a short tube that narrows in the middle or toward
one end and is often used (as on a hose or pipe) to direct or speed up a flow of
fluid
37. Figure 5. Macrostructure of alginate-gelatin scaffolds with concentrations of (A) 1%, (B) 2% and
(C) 4%. Extrusion printing of alginate-gelatin scaffold
is seen in (D). A mechanically robust 2% alginate-gelatin scaffold after crosslinking with calcium
chloride is seen in (E). Dimensions of alginate-gelatin
scaffolds +/− calcium chloride is highlighted in (F). Reproduced with permission.[41] Copyright
2013, The Royal Society of Chemistry
38. Figure 7. Bioink printability assessment under different printing parameter combinations. A)
Evaluation of printability (Pr) under different gelation
states – under-, proper- and over-gelation. B) Optical microscope images at 30 mins. C) Semi-
quantified Pr value construct for gelatin/alginate
bioink with different concentrations under different printing temperatures. Scale bars are 1 mm.
39. ruthenium (Ru) and sodium persulfate (SPS)
Figure 9. 3D plotting of gelatin+methacryloyl+collagen constructs that have been
photopolymerized in UV+l2959 and Vis+Ru/SPS systems. Different
shape fidelity can be seen post-irradiation and post-swelling with the different systems.
Reproduced with permission.[34] Copyright 2016, American
Chemical Society.
40.
41. Electrospinning is a method to produce
ultrafine (in nanometers) fibres by charging
and ejecting a polymer melt or solution
through a spinneret under a high-voltage
electric field and to solidify or coagulate it to
form a filament
42. Figure 5. (a) CAD
model and (b)
original setup of
hybrid 3D
printing/electros
pinning.
Reproduced
with permission
from Fazal et
al.118 Copyright
2021, Elsevier
Science Ltd
43.
44.
45. Figure 7. (A) 1st step: 3D printing of PLA honeycomb-like structures. (B) 2nd step:
Modifying honeycomb walls with zein film via the casting
technique. (C) 3rd step: Electrospinning coaxial nanofibers on one side of 3D-
printed modified structures. Reproduced with permission from dos