Solid waste management com301

1. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
DR MAUTIN G. J
Consultant/Lecturer
CMPC Dept, OOUTH/OOU

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
• Definition of Solid waste/Refuse
• Classification/sources of solid waste
• Solid waste –related hazards
• Refuse/ Solid waste management:
• Factors affecting Solid waste management.

3. What is solid wastes
AKA Refuse or Municipal Solid Waste (MSW):
• All non hazardous solid materials from a
community that requires storage, collection
and transportation to a processing or disposal
site. Strictly speaking, refuse should not
contain night soil

4. Classification/Sources of refuse
• Domestic refuse:
Garbage (Food wastes -Decomposable),
Rubbish (Dry materials, Combustible and non
combustible. E.g Paper, Plastics, metal, Thrown-
away containers, Glass),
Ash
• Street refuse
• Market refuse
• Construction and Demolition wastes (Brick,
Masonry, pipes)

5. Classification of refuse contd.
• Industrial waste
• Animal and agricultural waste
• Sewage treatment Wastes- Residues from
septic tanks, sewage treatment plant
• Abandoned vehicles
• Corpse of human and animals
• Special waste- hazardous, pathological

6. Solid wastes-related hazards
a. Environmental hazards
• Aesthetic problems
• Contamination of surface water
• Global warming,
• Flooding
• Acid rain
• Harmful to flora and fauna

7. Solid wastes-related hazards
b. Health hazards
• Breeding grounds for vectors and rodents
• Sources of fire out breaks
• Cuts and other injuries
• Direct contact diseases
• Pulmonary disease risk related to solid waste
• Cancer risk related to solid waste?
• Birth Defects and Infant Mortality?

8. Management of solid wastes
• Storage
• Collection
• Transportation
• Disposal

13. Management of solid wastes
• Storage

14. General Refuse storage methods
adoptable.
1. Galvanized steel dustbins with close fitting
cover
2. Plastic dustbins with covers
3. Bins with hinged lids
4. Plastic bags , polythene bags, paper bags
5. Public or Communal Bins- mammoth bins

15. Refuse storage methods based on House
type.
• For low building
1. Galvanised steel bins with loose steel lids
2. Plastic dustbins with covers
3. Bins with hinged lids
4. Plastic bags , polythene bags,paper bags
5. Communal containers- mammoth bins

18. Communal waste container

19. Refuse storage methods contd.
• For high buildings
1. Dry waste chutes system
2. Cylindrical containers on castors, trolleys
3. Exchangeable containers
4. Exchangeable trailers

20. The chutes systems

21. Component of the Chutes system

22. Cylindrical containers on castors, trolleys

24. REFUSE COMPACTOR VEHICLE
(RCV)

25. Refuse Collection/Transportation
Collection
1. House to house
2. Public dustbins
Transportation
1. Open refuse cart- should be discouraged
2. Open refuse van- The refuse must be covered
3. Enclosed refuse vans-ideal

26. Methods of waste disposal
1. Open Dumping
2. Sanitary landfill Or Controlled tipping
3. Incineration
4. Composting
5. Burial
6. Manure pits
7. Salvage/reclamation/recycling

27. Open Dumping
• Most insanitary method of waste disposal
• Mostly used for land reclamation
Disadvantages
• Breeding of rodents and vectors of diseases
• Environmental and surface water pollution
• Source of nuisance-Smell and Unsightly
• Source of Injuries

28. Sanitary landfill Or Controlled tipping
• Most satisfactory method of refuse disposal
• The refuse are placed in a trench or other
prepared area, compacted and covered with soil
at the end of the working day
• 3 Methods are used
1. Trench method: where level ground is available
2. Ramp method: Where the terrain is sloppy
3. Area method: For filling land depression,
quarries, clay pits

29. Incineration/Burning
• Method of choice where suitable land is not
available
• Best method for disposing hospital waste
which are hazardous
• Drawback is environmental pollution for open
burning

30. Composting
• Method in which refuse is mixed with night
soil or sludge and fermentation takes place
with the formation of compost which is use as
manure
2 Types
• Bangalore Method (Anaerobic fermentation)
• Mechanical Method (Aerobic method)

31. Burial method
• Suitable for small camps

32. Manure pits
• Suitable for small camps

33. Salvage/reclamation/recycling
• Refuse are put into economic use

34. Factors affecting waste management.
1. Vehicular/ Plant breakdown
2. Manpower- shortage of staff
3. Materials- shortage /unavailability :fuel, lubricants,
parts
4. Population density, growth rate
5. Economic activities
6. Climatic and seasonal changes
7. Physical characteristics/topography
8. Social and religious custom

35. Factors contd
9. Level of public awareness, educational level
10. Finance and budgetary limitations
11. Quality of mgt & technical expertise.
12. Appropriate environmental standards
13. Existing legal systems

36. • Thank you