This document lists years from 1928 to 1945 and mentions Columbia several times with numbers in parentheses, appearing to list Columbia records or albums from those years. It also mentions Professor Nancy Guy and the year 2002.
The document lists 25 famous artworks created between 1285 and 1995, including Madonna Enthroned by Cimabue in 1285, Birth of Venus by Botticelli in 1486, Creation of Adam by Michelangelo in 1511, and Last Supper by Andy Warhol in 1995. The works cover a range of styles and subjects from religious scenes to portraits created by notable artists over seven centuries.
This document lists over 50 famous paintings from the 15th century to the 1960s by many renowned artists such as Botticelli, Van Eyck, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso, Pollock and Warhol. It includes key details for each work like the title, artist, date and medium. The paintings cover a wide range of styles and movements from the Renaissance to Pop Art.
This document provides an overview of art in the 20th century. It showcases works from various artistic movements and highlights experimentation with new materials, styles, and a rejection of realism. Key developments include the rise of abstraction, the relationship between art and its social/political contexts, and questioning traditional boundaries between high and low art forms.
A personal selection of artists in the western tradition. This project was designed to be a visual reminder of the great artists that have gone before and their enduring legacy.
In this class, we dive into twentieth-century art via Duchamp's famous Fountain of 1917, considering the turn to abstraction, involvement with politics, and exploration of the unconscious.
A slideshow connected to a lecture on Art and Political Commitment available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Karen Koehler.
This document lists the titles, artists, and dates of various paintings and sculptures housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. It includes works from major artists such as Cézanne, Seurat, van Gogh, Gauguin, Rodin, Picasso, Klimt, Matisse, Rousseau, Delaunay, Boccioni, Miró, Dalí, Kahlo, Mondrian, Pollock, Duchamp, Rauschenberg, Warhol, Bourgeois, Whiteread, and Serra spanning from 1885 to 1998.
This document lists years from 1928 to 1945 and mentions Columbia several times with numbers in parentheses, appearing to list Columbia records or albums from those years. It also mentions Professor Nancy Guy and the year 2002.
The document lists 25 famous artworks created between 1285 and 1995, including Madonna Enthroned by Cimabue in 1285, Birth of Venus by Botticelli in 1486, Creation of Adam by Michelangelo in 1511, and Last Supper by Andy Warhol in 1995. The works cover a range of styles and subjects from religious scenes to portraits created by notable artists over seven centuries.
This document lists over 50 famous paintings from the 15th century to the 1960s by many renowned artists such as Botticelli, Van Eyck, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Monet, Van Gogh, Picasso, Pollock and Warhol. It includes key details for each work like the title, artist, date and medium. The paintings cover a wide range of styles and movements from the Renaissance to Pop Art.
This document provides an overview of art in the 20th century. It showcases works from various artistic movements and highlights experimentation with new materials, styles, and a rejection of realism. Key developments include the rise of abstraction, the relationship between art and its social/political contexts, and questioning traditional boundaries between high and low art forms.
A personal selection of artists in the western tradition. This project was designed to be a visual reminder of the great artists that have gone before and their enduring legacy.
In this class, we dive into twentieth-century art via Duchamp's famous Fountain of 1917, considering the turn to abstraction, involvement with politics, and exploration of the unconscious.
A slideshow connected to a lecture on Art and Political Commitment available at Art History Teaching Resources (http://arthistoryteachingresources.org/), written by Karen Koehler.
This document lists the titles, artists, and dates of various paintings and sculptures housed at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. It includes works from major artists such as Cézanne, Seurat, van Gogh, Gauguin, Rodin, Picasso, Klimt, Matisse, Rousseau, Delaunay, Boccioni, Miró, Dalí, Kahlo, Mondrian, Pollock, Duchamp, Rauschenberg, Warhol, Bourgeois, Whiteread, and Serra spanning from 1885 to 1998.
The document provides an overview of major art movements from the 16th to early 20th century in Europe, including Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. It summarizes some of the key characteristics of each movement and lists influential artists such as Caravaggio, Bernini, Rembrandt, and Manet. Major political and scientific events of each era are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides information on a 2011 exhibition at the Tate Liverpool titled "René Magritte: The Pleasure Principle". It includes a list of over 40 of Magritte's paintings from 1923 to 1966 that were featured in the exhibition, showing the breadth of his surrealist works over his career that are known for incorporating familiar objects in unusual contexts and unconventional use of words and images to create a sense of mystery.
This document contains descriptions and titles of over 50 artworks from different time periods depicting women and girls reading. The artworks span from the 15th century to the early 20th century and include paintings, drawings, and portraits created by prominent artists such as Rembrandt, Renoir, and Waterhouse. The artworks show subjects from various social classes and ages engaged in the act of reading across different settings such as in libraries, gardens, and homes.
The document provides an overview of major artistic movements in early 20th century modern art, including Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Suprematism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. It summarizes the goals and characteristics of each movement, and provides examples of influential artists and their works such as Matisse, Kandinsky, Picasso, Duchamp, Mondrian, Dali, and others. The document also discusses the impact of events like World War I and the development of abstraction on the rejection of traditional styles of art during this period.
- Diego Velázquez painted portraits of ordinary people like his studio assistant Juan de Pareja with the same dignity as portraits of noblemen. He also included soldiers in his painting Surrender of Breda.
- Later artists like Manet painted scenes of everyday life, like a waitress serving in a café.
- The Impressionists like Monet captured effects of light and atmosphere in paintings of landscapes and city scenes. Turner and Whistler's works pushed toward abstraction.
- Picasso and Duchamp experimented with collage and incorporating real objects into their works, questioning the boundaries between art and reality. This helped pave the way for more abstract and conceptual art.
Contemporary artists for critical studiesMr Gillespie
This document provides brief descriptions of various artists and artworks including: Amalis Ulman, John Stezaker, Laure Prouvost, Yinka Shonibare, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Henry Wallis, Lindsay Seers, Louise Bourgeois, Carsten Höller, Steve McQueen, Pierre Huyghe, Oskar Schlemmer, Bob and Roberta Smith, Banksy, Eugène Delacroix, Tom Hunter, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Gerhard Richter, Jeremy Lipking, Jim Shaw, Martha Rosler, Joe Webb, Yasumasa Morimura, Johannes Vermeer, Sven
This document lists several influential modern artists and their works from the early 20th century, including Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O'Keefe, Man Ray, Meret Oppenheim, Marcel Duchamp, Ben Shahn, Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, Jackson Pollack, Diego Rivera, Pablo Picasso, and John Heartfield. Many of the works referenced were pioneering in their use of new artistic styles and mediums that pushed the boundaries of traditional art.
This document provides an overview of important artworks created between 1308 and 2008, spanning major periods and movements in art history. It includes paintings, sculptures and installations by renowned European and American artists such as Duccio, Michelangelo, Picasso, Pollock, Warhol, and Kapoor. The works showcase the evolution of styles from the Renaissance to Modern and Contemporary eras, including the development of realism, abstraction, pop art and installation works.
Modernism in Art: An Introduction; Dada and SurrealismJames Clegg
The document provides an overview of the Dada and Surrealist art movements that emerged in the early 20th century in response to World War I. It discusses key Dada and Surrealist artists like Malevich, Arp, Duchamp, Ernst, and Dali. It also summarizes some of the main ideas and techniques of these movements, such as using shock, nonsense, and irrationality to protest war and established institutions. Dada in particular questioned notions of art, originality, and the role of the artist. Surrealism explored ideas of chance, the unconscious mind, and psychic automatism. Both movements had a significant impact on modern art and cultural production.
This document lists the names of over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century, spanning artistic movements like Cubism, Dadaism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, and Feminist Art. The artworks listed include paintings, sculptures, photographs, happenings, and installations that were influential in the development of modern and contemporary art.
This document lists over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century that exemplify major art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Performance Art, and Feminist Art. Key artists mentioned include Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Joseph Kosuth, Cindy Sherman, and Sherrie Levine. The artworks span various mediums including painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and conceptual works.
This document lists over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century that exemplify major art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Performance Art, and Feminist Art. Key artists mentioned include Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Joseph Kosuth, Cindy Sherman, and Sherrie Levine. The artworks span various mediums including painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and conceptual works.
This document provides a biography and timeline of events in the life and career of Belgian surrealist artist René Magritte. It notes that he was born in 1898 in Lessines, Belgium and became interested in surrealism after seeing Giorgio de Chirico's work "Song of Love" in 1922. Key events include his first surrealist painting in 1926, exhibitions in Brussels and Paris in the late 1920s, and a retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1965 before his death in 1967. The document also includes images of some of Magritte's most famous paintings created throughout his career.
The document is a required reading list for first year students studying English and American literature at the University of Salzburg. It includes poetry, drama, and prose selections from major authors and periods in British and American literary history from the 16th century to the present. The reading list is intended to provide students with an overview of the development of literary forms and styles over time. It recommends supplementing the readings with a literature history text. The reading list will be assessed starting in the 2008-2009 academic year as part of a course on aspects of English and American literary history.
Dada was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement characterized by a spirit of revolt against traditional artistic values. It arose from disillusionment after World War I and influenced later styles like Surrealism. Dadaists believed that reason and logic had led to war, and they used nonsensical techniques like chance and absurdity to subvert traditional art forms. Marcel Duchamp was a prominent Dadaist who created readymades by selecting mundane mass produced objects and exhibiting them as art, questioning concepts of art and beauty.
This document provides an overview of key artists and artworks from the Dada and Surrealist movements between 1917-1960. It lists works by early Dadaists like Hausmann, Höch, Duchamp, and Man Ray. Additionally, it mentions seminal Surrealist pieces such as Dali's The Persistence of Memory, Magritte's The Treachery of Images, and works by Miro, Masson, Oppenheim, Cornell, and Giacometti.
The document provides an overview of the Surrealist and Dada art movements. It discusses key concepts such as automatism, juxtaposition of images, and expression of the subconscious mind. Some of the major figures mentioned include Tristan Tzara, Andre Breton, Max Ernst, Joan Miro, Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, Frida Kahlo, and Remedios Varo. The Surrealist movement grew out of Dada and aimed to express the workings of the subconscious through incongruous imagery and concepts. Women played an important role in Surrealism by exploring feminism and challenging social norms.
This document discusses the artistic movements of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Neoclassicism drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art and emphasized rationality and order. Romanticism was an emotional reaction that valued intuition and nature. Realism depicted everyday subjects and social issues in a realistic style. The document provides examples of major artists from each movement like David, Friedrich, and Courbet. It describes how Realism grew out of Romanticism but focused on ordinary people and scenes instead of the idealized.
This document provides descriptions of various artworks from different periods including Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Classicism, Romanticism, Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and Postmodern art. It includes brief information about the artist, title, date, and movement for each work. The artworks span from the 17th century up to the late 20th century and feature both paintings and sculptures from artists such as Thomas Smith, John Singleton Copley, Jean-Honore Fragonard, William Hogarth, Benjamin West, Jacques-Louis David, John Constable, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Umber
Political theology has been part of Christianity (and religion) for thousands of years. What is it? When did the Great Separation occur? Should Christianity stay clear of political theology?
The document provides an overview of major art movements from the 16th to early 20th century in Europe, including Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism. It summarizes some of the key characteristics of each movement and lists influential artists such as Caravaggio, Bernini, Rembrandt, and Manet. Major political and scientific events of each era are also briefly mentioned.
This document provides information on a 2011 exhibition at the Tate Liverpool titled "René Magritte: The Pleasure Principle". It includes a list of over 40 of Magritte's paintings from 1923 to 1966 that were featured in the exhibition, showing the breadth of his surrealist works over his career that are known for incorporating familiar objects in unusual contexts and unconventional use of words and images to create a sense of mystery.
This document contains descriptions and titles of over 50 artworks from different time periods depicting women and girls reading. The artworks span from the 15th century to the early 20th century and include paintings, drawings, and portraits created by prominent artists such as Rembrandt, Renoir, and Waterhouse. The artworks show subjects from various social classes and ages engaged in the act of reading across different settings such as in libraries, gardens, and homes.
The document provides an overview of major artistic movements in early 20th century modern art, including Fauvism, Expressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Suprematism, De Stijl, and Surrealism. It summarizes the goals and characteristics of each movement, and provides examples of influential artists and their works such as Matisse, Kandinsky, Picasso, Duchamp, Mondrian, Dali, and others. The document also discusses the impact of events like World War I and the development of abstraction on the rejection of traditional styles of art during this period.
- Diego Velázquez painted portraits of ordinary people like his studio assistant Juan de Pareja with the same dignity as portraits of noblemen. He also included soldiers in his painting Surrender of Breda.
- Later artists like Manet painted scenes of everyday life, like a waitress serving in a café.
- The Impressionists like Monet captured effects of light and atmosphere in paintings of landscapes and city scenes. Turner and Whistler's works pushed toward abstraction.
- Picasso and Duchamp experimented with collage and incorporating real objects into their works, questioning the boundaries between art and reality. This helped pave the way for more abstract and conceptual art.
Contemporary artists for critical studiesMr Gillespie
This document provides brief descriptions of various artists and artworks including: Amalis Ulman, John Stezaker, Laure Prouvost, Yinka Shonibare, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Henry Wallis, Lindsay Seers, Louise Bourgeois, Carsten Höller, Steve McQueen, Pierre Huyghe, Oskar Schlemmer, Bob and Roberta Smith, Banksy, Eugène Delacroix, Tom Hunter, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Gerhard Richter, Jeremy Lipking, Jim Shaw, Martha Rosler, Joe Webb, Yasumasa Morimura, Johannes Vermeer, Sven
This document lists several influential modern artists and their works from the early 20th century, including Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O'Keefe, Man Ray, Meret Oppenheim, Marcel Duchamp, Ben Shahn, Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, Jackson Pollack, Diego Rivera, Pablo Picasso, and John Heartfield. Many of the works referenced were pioneering in their use of new artistic styles and mediums that pushed the boundaries of traditional art.
This document provides an overview of important artworks created between 1308 and 2008, spanning major periods and movements in art history. It includes paintings, sculptures and installations by renowned European and American artists such as Duccio, Michelangelo, Picasso, Pollock, Warhol, and Kapoor. The works showcase the evolution of styles from the Renaissance to Modern and Contemporary eras, including the development of realism, abstraction, pop art and installation works.
Modernism in Art: An Introduction; Dada and SurrealismJames Clegg
The document provides an overview of the Dada and Surrealist art movements that emerged in the early 20th century in response to World War I. It discusses key Dada and Surrealist artists like Malevich, Arp, Duchamp, Ernst, and Dali. It also summarizes some of the main ideas and techniques of these movements, such as using shock, nonsense, and irrationality to protest war and established institutions. Dada in particular questioned notions of art, originality, and the role of the artist. Surrealism explored ideas of chance, the unconscious mind, and psychic automatism. Both movements had a significant impact on modern art and cultural production.
This document lists the names of over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century, spanning artistic movements like Cubism, Dadaism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, and Feminist Art. The artworks listed include paintings, sculptures, photographs, happenings, and installations that were influential in the development of modern and contemporary art.
This document lists over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century that exemplify major art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Performance Art, and Feminist Art. Key artists mentioned include Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Joseph Kosuth, Cindy Sherman, and Sherrie Levine. The artworks span various mediums including painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and conceptual works.
This document lists over 50 artists and artworks from the early 20th century to the late 20th century that exemplify major art movements such as Cubism, Futurism, Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Minimalism, Conceptual Art, Performance Art, and Feminist Art. Key artists mentioned include Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Marcel Duchamp, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Joseph Kosuth, Cindy Sherman, and Sherrie Levine. The artworks span various mediums including painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and conceptual works.
This document provides a biography and timeline of events in the life and career of Belgian surrealist artist René Magritte. It notes that he was born in 1898 in Lessines, Belgium and became interested in surrealism after seeing Giorgio de Chirico's work "Song of Love" in 1922. Key events include his first surrealist painting in 1926, exhibitions in Brussels and Paris in the late 1920s, and a retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1965 before his death in 1967. The document also includes images of some of Magritte's most famous paintings created throughout his career.
The document is a required reading list for first year students studying English and American literature at the University of Salzburg. It includes poetry, drama, and prose selections from major authors and periods in British and American literary history from the 16th century to the present. The reading list is intended to provide students with an overview of the development of literary forms and styles over time. It recommends supplementing the readings with a literature history text. The reading list will be assessed starting in the 2008-2009 academic year as part of a course on aspects of English and American literary history.
Dada was an early 20th century avant-garde art movement characterized by a spirit of revolt against traditional artistic values. It arose from disillusionment after World War I and influenced later styles like Surrealism. Dadaists believed that reason and logic had led to war, and they used nonsensical techniques like chance and absurdity to subvert traditional art forms. Marcel Duchamp was a prominent Dadaist who created readymades by selecting mundane mass produced objects and exhibiting them as art, questioning concepts of art and beauty.
This document provides an overview of key artists and artworks from the Dada and Surrealist movements between 1917-1960. It lists works by early Dadaists like Hausmann, Höch, Duchamp, and Man Ray. Additionally, it mentions seminal Surrealist pieces such as Dali's The Persistence of Memory, Magritte's The Treachery of Images, and works by Miro, Masson, Oppenheim, Cornell, and Giacometti.
The document provides an overview of the Surrealist and Dada art movements. It discusses key concepts such as automatism, juxtaposition of images, and expression of the subconscious mind. Some of the major figures mentioned include Tristan Tzara, Andre Breton, Max Ernst, Joan Miro, Rene Magritte, Salvador Dali, Frida Kahlo, and Remedios Varo. The Surrealist movement grew out of Dada and aimed to express the workings of the subconscious through incongruous imagery and concepts. Women played an important role in Surrealism by exploring feminism and challenging social norms.
This document discusses the artistic movements of Neoclassicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Neoclassicism drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman art and emphasized rationality and order. Romanticism was an emotional reaction that valued intuition and nature. Realism depicted everyday subjects and social issues in a realistic style. The document provides examples of major artists from each movement like David, Friedrich, and Courbet. It describes how Realism grew out of Romanticism but focused on ordinary people and scenes instead of the idealized.
This document provides descriptions of various artworks from different periods including Baroque, Rococo, Neo-Classicism, Romanticism, Impressionism, Cubism, Futurism, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and Postmodern art. It includes brief information about the artist, title, date, and movement for each work. The artworks span from the 17th century up to the late 20th century and feature both paintings and sculptures from artists such as Thomas Smith, John Singleton Copley, Jean-Honore Fragonard, William Hogarth, Benjamin West, Jacques-Louis David, John Constable, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Umber
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Tracking "The Blessing" - Christianity · Spiritual Growth · Success
Do you ever feel like your Bible highlighting isn't quite enough to ignite lasting spiritual growth? Have you struggled to retain key takeaways from your Bible study sessions?
Discover how living in 4D can transform your highlighting into a strategic tool for spiritual development.
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In this video, you'll gain insights on:
How highlighting key verses and themes can enhance memory and retention of Scripture (we see a few key ones, here!)
Studies have shown that highlighting can significantly improve information recall. Highlighting key points visually reinforces them in your mind, leading to better long-term memory.
How to personalize your Bible study through strategic highlighting. Don't just highlight everything!
This video will teach you how to strategically highlight based on what resonates with you, focusing on central themes, recurring ideas, or connections between different passages.
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How connecting highlighted passages can reveal deeper biblical truths. By highlighting these connections, you can see the bigger picture and uncover the underlying messages within Scripture.
By the end of this video, you'll be equipped to unlock the hidden potential within your highlighted Bible and embark on a transformative spiritual growth journey! Don't forget to like and subscribe for more inspiring content on deepening your faith.
Note: For Christians seeking to enrich their Bible study and deepen their faith, as well as any other spiritual seeker of truth and growth.
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Lucid Dreaming: Understanding the Risks and Benefits
The ability to control one's dreams or for the dreamer to be aware that he or she is dreaming. This process, called lucid dreaming, has some potential risks as well as many fascinating benefits. However, many people are hesitant to try it initially for fear of the potential dangers. This article aims to clarify these concerns by exploring both the risks and benefits of lucid dreaming.
The Benefits of Lucid Dreaming
Lucid dreaming allows a person to take control of their dream world, helping them overcome their fears and eliminate nightmares. This technique is particularly useful for mental health. By taking control of their dreams, individuals can face challenging scenarios in a controlled environment, which can help reduce anxiety and increase self-confidence.
Addressing Common Concerns
Physical Harm in Dreams Lucid dreaming is fundamentally safe. In a lucid dream, everything is a creation of your mind. Therefore, nothing in the dream can physically harm you. Despite the vividness and realness of the dream experience, it remains entirely within your mental landscape, posing no physical danger.
Mental Health Risks Concerns about developing PTSD or other mental illnesses from lucid dreaming are unfounded. As soon as you wake up, it's clear that the events experienced in the dream were not real. On the contrary, lucid dreaming is often seen as a therapeutic tool for conditions like PTSD, as it allows individuals to reframe and manage their thoughts.
Potential Risks of Lucid Dreaming
While generally safe, lucid dreaming does come with a few risks as well:
Mixing Dream Memories with Reality Long-term lucid dreamers might occasionally confuse dream memories with real ones, creating false memories. This issue is rare and preventable by maintaining a dream journal and avoiding lucid dreaming about real-life people or places too frequently.
Escapism Using lucid dreaming to escape reality can be problematic if it interferes with your daily life. While it is sometimes beneficial to escape and relieve the stress of reality, relying on lucid dreaming for happiness can hinder personal growth and productivity.
Feeling Tired After Lucid Dreaming Some people report feeling tired after lucid dreaming. This tiredness is not due to the dreams themselves but often results from not getting enough sleep or using techniques that disrupt sleep patterns. Taking breaks and ensuring adequate sleep can prevent this.
Mental Exhaustion Lucid dreaming can be mentally taxing if practiced excessively without breaks. It’s important to balance lucid dreaming with regular sleep to avoid mental fatigue.
Lucid dreaming is safe and beneficial if done with caution. It has many benefits, such as overcoming fear and improving mental health, and minimal risks. There are many resources and tutorials available for those interested in trying it.
Introduction
Mantra Yoga is an exact science. "Mananat trayate iti mantrah- by the Manana (constant thinking or recollection) of which one is protected or is released from the round of births and deaths, is Mantra." That is called Mantra by the meditation (Manana) on which the Jiva or the individual soul attains freedom from sin, enjoyment in heaven and final liberation, and by the aid of which it attains in full the fourfold fruit (Chaturvarga), i.e., Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. A Mantra is so called because it is achieved by the mental process.
Tales of This and Another Life - Chapters.pdfMashaL38
This book is one of the best of the translated ones, for it has a warning character for all those who find themselves in the experience of material life. Irmão X provides a shrewd way of describing the subtleties and weaknesses that can jeopardize our intentions, making us more attentive and vigilant by providing us with his wise pages, reminding us between the lines of the Master's words: "Pray and watch."
The pervasiveness of Lying in today's World.pptxniwres
In our interconnected world, lies weave through the fabric of society like hidden threads. We encounter them in politics, media, personal relationships, and even within ourselves. The prevalence of deception raises profound questions about truth, trust, and the human condition.
Astronism, Cosmism and Cosmodeism: the space religions espousing the doctrine...Cometan
This lecture created by Brandon Taylorian (aka Cometan) specially for the CESNUR Conference held Bordeaux in June 2024 provides a brief introduction to the legacy of religious and philosophical thought that Astronism emerges from, namely the discourse on transcension started assuredly by the Cosmists in Russia in the mid-to-late nineteenth century and then carried on and developed by Mordecai Nessyahu in Cosmodeism in the twentieth century. Cometan also then provides some detail on his story in founding Astronism in the early twenty-first century from 2013 along with details on the central Astronist doctrine of transcension. Finally, the lecture concludes with some contributions made by space religions and space philosophy and their influences on various cultural facets in art, literature and film.
Lição 12: João 15 a 17 – O Espírito Santo e a Oração Sacerdotal | 2° Trimestr...OmarBarrezueta1
Esta lição é uma oportunidade para discutirmos um assunto multo mal interpretado no contexto cristão, que é o fato de algumas pessoas pensarem que o conhecer Jesus é ter a nossa vida mudada em todas as áreas, como se Deus tivesse o dever de transportar-nos deste mundo para um outro mundo onde muitas coisas maravilhosas que desejamos seriam reais. No entanto, a nossa fé não nos tira do mundo após nos convertermos; ao invés disso, permanecemos vivendo sob as mesmas circunstâncias. O propósito de Deus não é nos tirar do mundo, mas nos livrar das ações do maligno (Jo 17.15), Sendo assim, a vida eterna não significa estar fora da realidade deste mundo, mas conhecer o único Deus verdadeiro (Jo 17.3).
The Book of Revelation, filled with symbolic and apocalyptic imagery, presents one of its most striking visions in Revelation 9:3-12—the locust army. Understanding the significance of this locust army provides insight into the broader themes of divine judgment, protection, and the ultimate triumph of God’s will as depicted in Revelation.
Heartfulness Magazine - June 2024 (Volume 9, Issue 6)heartfulness
Dear readers,
This month we continue with more inspiring talks from the Global Spirituality Mahotsav that was held from March 14 to 17, 2024, at Kanha Shanti Vanam.
We hear from Daaji on lifestyle and yoga in honor of International Day of Yoga, June 21, 2024. We also hear from Professor Bhavani Rao, Dean at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, on spirituality in action, the Venerable BhikkuSanghasena on how to be an ambassador for compassion, Dr. Tony Nader on the Maharishi Effect, Swami Mukundananda on the crossroads of modernization, Tejinder Kaur Basra on the purpose of work, the Venerable GesheDorjiDamdul on the psychology of peace, the Rt. Hon. Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, on how we are all related, and world-renowned violinist KumareshRajagopalan on the uplifting mysteries of music.
Dr. Prasad Veluthanar shares an Ayurvedic perspective on treating autism, Dr. IchakAdizes helps us navigate disagreements at work, Sravan Banda celebrates World Environment Day by sharing some tips on land restoration, and Sara Bubber tells our children another inspiring story and challenges them with some fun facts and riddles.
Happy reading,
The editors
31. “And I, when I am lifted up
from the earth, will draw all
people to me.”
— John 12:32
31
32. Christ for others . . .
Christ as the Other . . .
Christ for all . . .
32
33. References
Cogniat, Raymond (1978). Chagall. Crown Publishers, NY.
Compton, Susan (1985). Chagall. Royal Academy of the Arts, London.
Haftmann, Werner (1984). Marc Chagall. Harry Abrams Publishers, New
York.
Inchausti, Robert ed. (2002). Seeds: Thomas Merton. Shambala, Boston.
Kind, Joshua (1969). Rouault. Tudor Publishing Co., New York.
King, Elliot and Brenneman, David (n.d.). Salvador Dali: The Late Work.
Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
wikiart.org: selected slides.
Wullschlager, Jackie (2008). Chagall: A Biography. Alfred A. Knopf, New
York.
33
In 1948, Albert Camus, author of The Plague, The Stranger, The Fall, and The Rebel, among many other plays, essays, books, and journalism, was invited to speak at the Dominican Monastery of Latour-Maubourg. Camus was not a Christian, but he was not unacquainted with Christianity, and maintained a vigorous dialogue and correspondence with Christian thinkers and writers until his tragic death in 1960. In fact, he wrote his dissertation on a fellow North African—the theologian, preacher, and early Christian Church father, Augustine—and was always respectful of a tradition he did not follow. But he refused to attempt a reconciliation between his beliefs and Christian ideals merely to "be agreeable to all."
In response to the invitation to speak freely to those gathered at the monastery that day, he offered these ringing words:
"What the world expects of Christians is that Christians should speak out, loud and clear, and that they should voice their condemnation in such a way that never a doubt, never the slightest doubt, could rise in the heart of the simplest man. That they should get away from abstraction and confront the blood-stained face history has taken on today.”
— Albert Camus, Resistance, Rebellion, and Death
Twenty years later, in 1968, Thomas Merton, a Trappist monk who was deeply engaged in writing and speaking out for civil rights and against the war in Vietnam, said:
“I am more and more impressed by the fact that it is largely futile to get up and make statements about current problems. At the same time, I know that silent acquiescence in evil is also out of the question.”
— Thomas Merton, Faith and Violence, in Seeds, 134
Today we’re going to take up the challenge from Camus and the dilemma posed by Merton. The world expects us to speak and act against injustice. How do we do that with courage and conscience and compassion? How do we resist that which is evil? And how do we not become that which we struggle against?
Slide 4 — 3 Christs: Art for Spiritual Resistance
We are changed by our beholding; there is no action without imagination. We are going to encounter three Christs in the works of three artists who give us art for spiritual resistance.
Slide 5 — Marc Chagall
The first one is Marc Chagall. Chagall was born in 1887 in the burgeoning Jewish community of Vitebsk in Russia. Chagall’s life as an artist wove together three strands of identity: as a Jew, as a Russian, and as an expatriate in France. He is one of the greatest religious artists of the twentieth century for the ways in which his use of symbols from a particular religious community reflects a universal longing for transcendence.
Slide 6 — I and the Village (1911)
Slide 7 — Over the Town (1916)
Slide 8 — The Birthday (1915)
But I’m most interested today in some of his overtly religious paintings such as Golgotha
Slide 9 — Golgotha (1912)
Slide 10 — The Resistance (1937-1952)
Slide 11 — The Resurrection (1937 - 1952)
These images came from Chagall’s reflection on suffering, his own and that of his people. He saw the Christ as a potent symbol of Jewish suffering, to be sure, but more importantly, as a universal symbol of the suffering of all humanity.
Merton points us to this interior reflection as the starting point for resistance: “We have to learn to commune with ourselves before we can communicate with other men and with God.”
Thomas Merton — Seeds, 130
Slide 12 — Trump
He goes on: “A man who is not at peace with himself necessarily projects his interior fighting into the society of those he lives with, and spreads a contagion of conflict all around him.”
Thomas Merton — Seeds, 130
“The basic and most fundamental problem of the spiritual life is this acceptance of our hidden and dark self, with which we tend to identify all the evil that is in us. We must learn by discernment to separate the evil growth of our actions from the good ground of the soul. And we must prepare that ground so that a new life can grow up from it within us, beyond our knowledge and beyond our conscious control.”
Thomas Merton — Seeds, 131
Back, even farther in, before we confront the principalities and powers, is an act of contrition. We know that we are capable of that which we abhor in others. Resistance begins in surrender.
Slide 13 — Repentance is Hollow . . .
As he struggles with this dilemma, Merton says “One cannot be a Christian today without having a deeply afflicted conscience. I say it again: we are all under judgment. And it seems to me that our gestures of repentance, though they may be individually sincere, are collectively hollow and even meaningless. Why?
This is the question that plagues me,” he says.
“The reason seems to be, to some extent, a deep failure of communication.”
— Thomas Merton, Faith and Violence (in Seeds, 134)
Slide 14 — White Crucifixion (1938)
In the late 1920s, Chagall enjoyed an idyllic life in France. In 1931 he visited the Holy Land and, renewed in his faith, began work on his illustrations for the Bible. But terrible things were happening to Jews in Germany and Poland by 1935, and Chagall’s changing themes reflect his anxiety. By 1937, as synagogues were burning in Germany, he began work on White Crucifixion, a large composition which he completed in 1938. This painting is a direct response to the political events of the time and reflects a narrative style which arranges scenes of cruelty and suffering around the still, almost serene figure of the Christ.
A technique that Chagall often uses, borrowed from Russian Orthodox icons, provides multiple scenes within the composition. Thus, the swirling scenes of chaos and violence around the still point of the Christ.
Although he offended both Jewish and Christian friends with this painting, Chagall maintained that his Christ becomes the symbol of universal suffering. In White Crucifixion we see the Christ for others, the Christ that exists for those who are persecuted, no matter their religious beliefs. We need that perspective, to regard Christ from within another perspective.
Slide 15 — Protest is inescapable
“I know too,” says Merton, “that there are times when protest is inescapable, even when it seems as useless as beating your head up against a brick wall. At the same time, when protest simply becomes an act of desperation, it loses its power to communicate anything to anyone who does not share the same feelings of despair.”
— Thomas Merton, Faith and Violence, in Seeds, 130
Slide 16 — Georges Rouault
That brings us to a second artist, Georges Rouault, whose usual themes are clowns, prostitutes, the poor—and the sufferings of Christ. Born and raised in France, Rouault had to leave school as a teen to help with family expenses. He found work repairing stained glass windows, especially those from the 12th and 13th centuries, with their heavy lines of lead and their brilliant chunks of glass. Rouault’s style has been called 20th-century Expressionism, “art which conveys emotions and thoughts directly, without a careful description of visual reality (Rouault, 5),” Brilliant color, heavy lines, simplified drawing, and rough, crude textures produce an effect of lyrical despair, and a conscious replication of those leaded stained glass windows.
Slide 17 — The Old King, 1936 —Probably his most famous painting. Realize our human limitations.
Slide 18 — Crucifixion; Christ unites heaven and earth, stretched between both, his arms reaching to infinity, protecting those gathered under them.
Slide 19 — Head of Christ, serenity and compassion
Slide 20 — Christ, crown of thorns
Slide 21 — Head of Christ, 1905 — Paint almost thrown at the canvas; lines heavy, the seeming artless tangle of lines resolving into an expression of longing and despair.
Slide 22 — Christ Mocked, 1932 — The downcast eyes of the Christ show a patience and forbearance in the midst of mockery and derision. Christ is the one we reject even though we know he does not deserve it. He is one with the despised, the alienated, the refugee, the falsely accused, he becomes the Other upon whom we may heap our fears and horror at his condition. Christ is The Other.
Slide 23 — A theology of love; a theology of resistance
“Theology,” says Merton, “does not exist merely to appease the already too untroubled conscience of the powerful and the established. A theology of love may also conceivably turn out to be a theology of revolution. In any case, it is a theology of *resistance*, a refusal of the evil that reduces a brother to homicidal desperation.”
— Thomas Merton, Faith and Violence, in Seeds, 129-130
Slide 24 — Finally, we come to the Spanish surrealist, Salvador Dali.
Part court jester, part showman, part religious mystic who saw himself in a long tradition of spiritual artists, Dali gives us works which are technically exquisite, the products of his dreams and visions, and the working out of his scientific explorations.
Slide 25 — Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee
Slide 26 — Figure on the Rocks
Slide 27 — Paranoiac Face
Slide 28 — Burning Giraffe
Slide 29 — The Persistence of Memory
Slide 30 — Christ of St. John of the Cross, 1951
Dali’s Christ of St. John of the Cross (1951) was based on a drawing by a 16th century monk named St. John of the Cross. Christ hangs suspended on the cross above the world, unbloodied, without nails or wounds. The observer looks down at the top of Christ’s bowed head and simultaneously at a landscape of fisherman and boats. The effect is disconcerting at first as we plunge down vertically past the Christ and immediately level off to a horizontal plane. Dali traced inspiration for the extreme angle back to a dream he had, the vision of which appeared to him in color as the cosmic Christ.
We see Christ from God’s point of view; His Son, His beloved Son, eternally hanging there above the world, floating in silent and profound dignity, magnificent in death. Down below, the fishermen, oblivious to the Light of the World above them, draw their boat up on the shore. One is standing at the stern in water up to his knees while his companion on the shore drags out the nets to dry. They seem indecisive or perhaps just tired. If they caught any fish we’re not seeing the evidence. They may be heading home, weary from work, wondering how long they can survive without a catch. What we see from this angle is both the entire world in its suffering, and the labors and disappointments of two anonymous men.
The painting was purchased in the early 50s by the Glasgow Corporation for 8,200 pounds sterling, considered quite extravagant at the time. In 1961 a visitor heaved a brick through the canvas, apparently incensed by the angle that looked down upon Christ instead of up. The painting was restored and now hangs in the Kelingrove Art Gallery and Museum in Glasgow, the curators having stoutly resisted an offer of $127 million by the Spanish government.
When the world is too much with us, when we find ourselves loathing humanity, when we feel, with shame, our complicity in the wickedness and suffering of this age, we can be lifted up, free and clear, to look down through Christ and see our tired world from a new perspective—one that through imagination wounds and heals.
Slide 31 — Draw all men to me
Slide 32
In Chagall’s Jewish Christ we see Christ for others
In Rouault’s Suffering Christ we see Christ as the Other
In Dali’s Christ from God’s point of view we see the Christ for all
Each of these Christ paintings give us a new perspective on the sufferings of Christ and of others.
They draw us first to humility and repentance, then to courage and compassion, and finally to a breadth of vision which includes both the world and individuals.
They are contemplative imagery which grounds us to answer Camus’ challenge to Christians.
They are icons of the sacred in the secular.
They make Christ real for us in the world.