This document summarizes a presentation on health promotion in infants, children, and adolescents. It discusses principles of health supervision including developmental surveillance, injury and disease prevention, and health promotion. It also identifies common health issues facing children in Saudi Arabia such as tooth decay, overweight, accidental injuries, and substance abuse. The role of nurses is to educate families on topics like oral health, healthy weight, nutrition, and encouraging treatment programs.

1. Child Health Nursing (NURS 303)
Health Promotion in Infants, Children and
Adolescence
Effects of Hospitalization
Presenter: Dr. Minerva Raguini

2. Student Learning Outcomes
(SLOs)
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
2
1) Describe the principles of health supervision
2) Identify the key component of health promotion
3) Identify factors affecting child’s health issues in Saudi Arabia
4) Describe the role of anticipatory guidance in health promotion

3. Health Supervision
❑Health supervision involves providing services proactively with the goal of optimizing
the child’s level of functioning and ensures the child is growing and developing
appropriately and it promotes the best possible health of child by teaching and
preventing.
Health supervision has three components:
1- Developmental surveillance and screening
2- Injury and disease prevention
3- Health promotion
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

4. 1. Developmental Surveillance
Developmental surveillance: is ongoing collection of skilled observations
made over time during health care visits:
- Noting and addressing parental concerns
- Obtaining developmental history
- Making accurate observation
- Consulting with relevant professionals
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

5. Developmental Screening
Developmental Screenings : are brief assessment procedures that
identify children who warrant more intensive assessment and
testing.
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
Age Warning Sign
5 months No reaching for toys
6 months Lack of tripod sitting
9 months No reciprocal vocalization or facial
expression

6. Developmental Screening
Developmental Screening Tools
Age Screening Tool Definition
Birth-6 years Child Development Inventory
(CDI)
Measures social, gross and fine motor
skills, language and general
development
Birth-8 years Parents’ Evaluation of
Developmental Status (PEDS)
Screens for developmental, behavioral
and family issues
Birth-3 Early Language Milestone Scale Screens for auditory expressive and
visual component of speech
5-17 years Goodenough-Harris Drawing
Test
A nonverbal screen for mental ability
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

7. 2. Injury and Disease Prevention
❑Screening tests are part of injury and disease prevention
❑They are modalities that identify treatable disease in an early
or asymptomatic state and allow for cure or lessening of
disease’s injury.
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

8. Brainstorming
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
Think of: Health Promotion
- What does it mean?
- What is the role of the nurse?
- What are the common health issues in Saudi Arabia?

9. 3. Health Promotion
❑Health promotion focuses on maintaining or enhancing the physical and mental
health of children
❑The principle component of health promotion are identified risk factors for a
disease, facilitating lifestyle changes to eliminate or reduce these factors and
empowering children through education and anticipatory guidance.
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

10. Anticipatory Guidance
❑The nurse collaborate with the parents to create a “road map” to optimal
health for the child. The nurse fleshes out that information using the
results of risk assessment and screening tests, health concerns unique to
the child and the interests and concerns of the parents.
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

11. Education
❑Oral health care
❑Healthy weight
❑Healthy activity
❑Personal hygiene
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

12. Child and Adolescent Health
Issues in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia – approximately 38% of the population is 14 and younger (USA
= 20.2%)
▪ Tooth decay
▪ Overweight
▪ Accidental injuries
▪ Child and substance abuse
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

13. Promoting Oral Health Care
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
Healthy People in 2020
Objective Nursing significance
Reduce the proportion of
children and adolescents
who have dental caries in
their primary or permanent
teeth.
- Teach children and adolescents appropriate
tooth brushing and flossing techniques.
- Encourage use of fluoride-containing
toothpaste.
- Encourage routine dental visits

14. Promoting Healthy Weight
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
Healthy People in 2020
Objective Nursing significance
Reduce the proportion of
children and adolescents who are
obese.
- Screening all children for the development of over-
weight as indicated by increasing body mass index
(BMD) for their age.
- Provide accurate diet counseling
- Counsel parents to limit television and computer
time daily.

15. Group Discussion
Discuss the Teaching Guidelines for Healthy Eating
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

16. Teaching Guidelines for Healthy
Eating
Breakfast:
❑Don’t skip breakfast
❑Avoid eating high sugar foods at breakfast.
❑Start your breakfast with some fruit.
❑Protein is important at breakfast. A good source of protein is yogurt.
Lunch
❑Add the variety of healthy alternatives to your lunches: protein, fat and carbohydrate, (Pita,
wraps, bagel)
❑Try alternatives to high fat chips (baked pretzels).
❑Low fat milk is more nutritious than prepackaged juice box.

17. Teaching Guidelines for Healthy
Eating
Snacks:
❑Limit snacks to after school and bedtime.
❑Children need to learn to eat only when they are hungry.
❑A small bedtime snack is Ok if the child is hungry but should not become a habit.
Dinner
❑Limit the amount of take-out food and prepare homemade healthy versions.
❑Do not force children to eat food they do not like but give them the healthy
option.
❑Lead by example.

18. Possible Interventions form the
Stakeholders
▪ Campaigns to change the school cafeteria menus (reflect the school
health assessment)
▪ Health education to mothers and children on balanced diet physical
exercise
▪ Efforts by manufacturers e.g. smaller chocolate bars on sale
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence

19. Promoting Participation in Treatment
Program
Topic: Health Promotion in Infants, Children and Adolescence
Healthy People in 2020
Objective Nursing significance
Increase the proportion of
persons with co-occurring
substance abuse who receive
treatment
- Screening all children and adolescents for substance
abuse
- Refer to appropriate program