29 .soil profile conservation By Allah Dad Khan

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Soil profile conservation is important for sustainable agriculture. The soil profile consists of distinct layers that form over long periods of time. Proper land management practices like no-till farming, cover cropping, and crop rotation can help protect the soil profile and prevent erosion.

Science

Before Spanish colonization, the early Filipinos lived in well-organized villages called barangays that were self-sustaining communities ruled by a datu. They had their own culture that included customs, society, government, writing and more. The barangays were made up of 30-100 families living in nipa huts. They ate foods like rice, meat and fruits, using banana leaves as plates. The early Filipinos wore clothes like the kangan jacket and bahag waist cloth for men.

Soil and soil concepts presentation 4 by allah dad khan

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The document discusses various definitions of soil from different organizations and perspectives. It provides definitions from the Soil Science Society of America, Soil Taxonomy, and based on components, geology, traditional views, and more. It also discusses soil health and ecosystems, explaining soil provides ecosystem services. Key soil forming processes of translocation, transformations, additions, and losses are outlined. The five factors of soil formation - parent material, climate, biota, time, and topography - are explained in detail. Finally, the document discusses soil components including the mineral and organic portions.

9. soil conservation tillage By Allah Dad Khan

Mr.Allah Dad Khan

Crop residue management is a year-round process that aims to maintain sufficient crop residue cover. It influences all field operations and the amount, orientation, and distribution of residue. Conservation tillage systems like no-till, mulch-till and ridge-till leave over 30% residue cover after planting by disturbing only strips or the top of ridges during planting. Maintaining residue cover reduces erosion and improves soil quality. No-till provides environmental benefits due to mulch cover but soil improvement takes years of continuous use along with other practices like crop rotations and cover crops.

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Institutions to promote pro productivity policies logic and lessons_Gary Bank...

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17. soil land degradation by Allah Dad Khan

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This document outlines the key concepts of land degradation, conservation, and rehabilitation. It begins by defining land as the solid part of the Earth's surface including the atmosphere, soil, geology, and hydrology that interact with it. Land degradation is then defined as the loss of function of the land that reduces its capacity to provide goods and services like productive land uses, environmental benefits, and social goods. The document notes degradation is typically gradual, unlike natural hazards, and is primarily caused by human activities rather than natural processes alone. It aims to discuss how land degradation is assessed and mapped as well as concepts of land conservation and rehabilitation.

The document discusses various sources of energy, dividing them into conventional and non-conventional sources. Conventional sources include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are used in thermal power plants to produce electricity. Hydro power plants use the kinetic energy of flowing water for electricity. Non-conventional sources include solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geothermal and nuclear energy. These provide alternatives to fossil fuels and many are renewable but also have challenges like cost, land use or waste disposal.

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Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy that harnesses the power of tides. It has several advantages, including being renewable as tides are driven by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, being a green energy source that doesn't emit greenhouse gases, and having a predictable output. However, tidal energy also has disadvantages such as potentially impacting the environment, only being available when tides are surging for around 10 hours per day so requiring effective energy storage, and being an expensive new technology that is not yet cost-effective.

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Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general. Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles. Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen. Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity. Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction. Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.

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