23.2 Tooth anatomy. A Alveolar bone Apical foramen Cementum Crown Dentin Enamel Gingiva Gingival sulcus Periodontal membrane Pulp cavity Root Root canal ach quadrant of the jaws. Starting from the tooth to the periodontal membrane. Fiber lian line, they are central incisor, lateral inci- periodontal membrane penetrate into th cuspid, first molar, and second molar. holding the tooth firmly in place. There are 32 permanent teeth, which begin The pulp cavity occupies the central earing when a child is about six years of age. tooth. It extends down into the roots in adult dentition is shown in Figure 23.1. Note canals. Pulp consists of loose connectiv there are eight teeth in each quadrant of the and contains blood vessels, lymphatic ve.