The document discusses the xMax wireless broadband technology. It provides an overview of the key components of the xMax network architecture, including xMod fixed/mobile hotspots, xAP access points, and the xMSC access network gateway. The xMax technology uses a proprietary protocol and is designed to prioritize voice calls by providing dedicated bandwidth and minimizing latency, allowing it to provide reliable voice services in shared spectrum.
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/products/radio-dot-system
The Ericsson Radio Dot System enables mobile operators to deliver consistently high performance voice and data coverage and capacity in the broadest range of enterprise buildings and public venues, including the underserved, high growth, medium-to-large building and venue category.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
Millimeter wave mobile communication has several advantages over traditional cellular frequencies. It utilizes the 30-300GHz spectrum which has much larger channel bandwidths available, enabling significantly higher data rates. Key benefits include multi-Gbps speeds, narrow beams allowing frequency reuse, and inherent security. However, mm-waves also have challenges including higher attenuation over distance, difficulty passing through walls, and interference from rain and oxygen. Potential applications include small cell 5G networks, wireless backhaul between small cells, and outdoor coverage up to 300 meters using beamforming.
Gsm Global System For Mobile Comm[1]. Really Niceer_tiwari
The document provides an introduction to cellular technology and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). [1] GSM was established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard and has become a globally accepted standard. [2] GSM networks use a combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and include mobile stations, base stations, switching centers, databases, and interfaces that allow connection to other networks. [3] GSM supports various services including telephony, data transmission, and messaging and provides features such as security, mobility, and roaming.
The document discusses the xMax wireless broadband technology. It provides an overview of the key components of the xMax network architecture, including xMod fixed/mobile hotspots, xAP access points, and the xMSC access network gateway. The xMax technology uses a proprietary protocol and is designed to prioritize voice calls by providing dedicated bandwidth and minimizing latency, allowing it to provide reliable voice services in shared spectrum.
http://www.ericsson.com/ourportfolio/products/radio-dot-system
The Ericsson Radio Dot System enables mobile operators to deliver consistently high performance voice and data coverage and capacity in the broadest range of enterprise buildings and public venues, including the underserved, high growth, medium-to-large building and venue category.
5G/NR wireless communication technology overview, architecture and its operating modes SA and NSA. Also an introduction to VoNR and other services overview of 5G network.
The key technologies of 5G namely MIMO and Network slicing are also explained.
Millimeter wave mobile communication has several advantages over traditional cellular frequencies. It utilizes the 30-300GHz spectrum which has much larger channel bandwidths available, enabling significantly higher data rates. Key benefits include multi-Gbps speeds, narrow beams allowing frequency reuse, and inherent security. However, mm-waves also have challenges including higher attenuation over distance, difficulty passing through walls, and interference from rain and oxygen. Potential applications include small cell 5G networks, wireless backhaul between small cells, and outdoor coverage up to 300 meters using beamforming.
Gsm Global System For Mobile Comm[1]. Really Niceer_tiwari
The document provides an introduction to cellular technology and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). [1] GSM was established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard and has become a globally accepted standard. [2] GSM networks use a combination of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) and Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and include mobile stations, base stations, switching centers, databases, and interfaces that allow connection to other networks. [3] GSM supports various services including telephony, data transmission, and messaging and provides features such as security, mobility, and roaming.
The document discusses femtocell technology, which uses small, low-power cellular base stations installed in homes or offices to improve indoor mobile coverage and network capacity. Femtocells connect to a mobile provider's network via broadband and support 2-5 mobile devices. They enhance coverage in areas where signals from larger macrocell towers are weak indoors. This allows providers to extend service coverage while reducing infrastructure costs and improving customer experience through better signal quality inside buildings.
This document discusses WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), a wireless technology based on IEEE 802.16 standards that can provide broadband connections over long distances. It defines key terms, describes applications of WiMAX for both fixed and mobile use, how WiMAX systems work, competing technologies, current deployments, benefits compared to other options, and initiatives to bring WiMAX to Pakistan.
5G technology enables three key services:
1) Enhanced mobile broadband provides high data transmission rates for streaming high-resolution video, augmented reality, and online gaming.
2) Ultra-reliable low latency communications meets exacting requirements for latency and reliability needed for applications like autonomous vehicles.
3) Massive machine-type communications supports connectivity for a very large number of devices that intermittently transmit small amounts of data, enabling growth in IoT.
VoIP allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection rather than a traditional phone line. It works by converting the voice signal from analog to digital, breaking it into packets, sending it over IP, reassembling it at the destination, and converting it back to analog. VoIP has advantages like low cost and portability but disadvantages like quality issues during power outages or network instability. Major challenges include addressing latency, echo, jitter, connection problems through firewalls and NAT, and overall reliability.
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Femtocells, a technology little-known outside the wireless world, promise better indoor cellular service. In telecommunication, a Femtocell is a small cellular base station, typically designed for use in a home or small business. It connects to the service provider’s network via broadband.
Current designs typically support 2 to 4 active mobile phones in a residential setting, and 8 to 16 active mobile phones in enterprise settings. A Femtocell allows service providers to extend service coverage indoors, especially where access would otherwise be limited or unavailable. For a mobile operator, the attractions of a Femtocell are improvements to both coverage and capacity, especially indoors. A Femtocell is typically the size of a residential gateway or smaller, and
connects into the end-user’s broadband line. Once plugged in, the Femtocell connects to the MNO’s mobile network, and provides extra coverage in a range of typically 30 to 50 meters for residential Femtocells. The end-user must declare which mobile phone numbers are allowed to connect to his/her Femtocell, usually via a web interface provided by the MNO. When these mobile phones arrive under coverage of the Femtocell, they switch over from the Macrocell (outdoor) to the
Femtocell automatically. All communications will then automatically go through the Femtocell.
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status for 5G
New Services and Markets Technology Enablers
Architecture for Next Generation System
Next Generation Radio Access Technology
TSG Plenary Status for LTE-Advanced Pro
References
5G will connect virtually everything around us to transform a wide range of industries — manufacturing, automotive, logistics, and many more, and we are on track to make 5G NR — the global 5G standard — a commercial reality by 2019. However, this first phase of 5G mainly focuses on enhanced mobile broadband services, which will contribute to part of the total projected $12T 5G economy. 5G NR will continue to evolve in Release 16 and beyond to further expand 5G’s reach to new devices, services, and ecosystem players.
4G refers to fourth-generation wireless which aims to provide faster data speeds and more capabilities than 3G. 4G LTE and 4G LTE Advanced are competing 4G standards. 4G LTE aims to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 3G, while 4G LTE Advanced, standardized in 2011, is an enhancement that provides even higher speeds and more advanced technologies. The key difference is that 4G LTE Advanced supports newer technologies for higher performance compared to 4G LTE.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology and its advantages over 4G LTE. It discusses the different 5G use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and critical communications. It describes the evolution of radio technology including the use of new spectrum bands and massive MIMO. It also covers network architecture aspects such as centralized RAN deployments and functional splits between centralized and distributed units. The document is intended as a tutorial for IP engineers to understand 5G network capabilities and requirements.
This document provides an introduction to 5G technology, including:
- 5G aims to meet growing connectivity needs and fulfill diverse use cases such as drones, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things.
- 5G standards are being developed by 3GPP and ITU, with 3GPP specifying the radio technology beyond LTE known as New Radio (NR).
- 5G requirements defined by 3GPP include high peak data rates, low latency, high reliability, large connection densities, and support for high mobility.
Begin your evolution with Ericsson’s new small cell solutions.
There is need for the multi-operator dots, multi-dot enclosure, and strand -mounted bracket. The complicated arrangements are made easier with Ericsson small cell solutions.
The document provides information on 3G and 4G cellular network technologies. It discusses the evolution from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, describing key technologies and standards used at each stage. It then focuses on 4G networks, explaining technologies like OFDMA, MIMO and IPv6 that enable higher data rates and more capabilities compared to 3G. The document also compares features of 3G and 4G networks and provides examples of applications that can be supported on 4G networks.
This document provides an overview of fiber to the x (FTTX) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It begins with an introduction to FTTX and PON technologies. It then discusses the different PON architectures including point-to-multipoint PON using optical splitters, active optical networks with dedicated fibers, and hybrid networks. The document also covers considerations for PON including bandwidth, distance, security, quality of service, and future developments in PON technologies.
This project report summarizes a wireless sensor network project completed by three students. It describes the objectives and types of routing protocols used in wireless sensor networks, focusing on the LEACH hierarchical routing protocol. It then discusses some weaknesses of LEACH and proposes an improved DECSA algorithm that selects cluster heads based on both distance and remaining energy to try to overcome LEACH's energy imbalance issues and extend network lifetime.
LTE Basic Parameters, Data Rates, Duplexing & Accessing, Modulation, Coding & MIMO, Explanation of different nodes and Advantage & Disadvantages of different nodes.
The document discusses femtocell technology, which uses small, low-power cellular base stations installed in homes or offices to improve indoor mobile coverage and network capacity. Femtocells connect to a mobile provider's network via broadband and support 2-5 mobile devices. They enhance coverage in areas where signals from larger macrocell towers are weak indoors. This allows providers to extend service coverage while reducing infrastructure costs and improving customer experience through better signal quality inside buildings.
This document discusses WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), a wireless technology based on IEEE 802.16 standards that can provide broadband connections over long distances. It defines key terms, describes applications of WiMAX for both fixed and mobile use, how WiMAX systems work, competing technologies, current deployments, benefits compared to other options, and initiatives to bring WiMAX to Pakistan.
5G technology enables three key services:
1) Enhanced mobile broadband provides high data transmission rates for streaming high-resolution video, augmented reality, and online gaming.
2) Ultra-reliable low latency communications meets exacting requirements for latency and reliability needed for applications like autonomous vehicles.
3) Massive machine-type communications supports connectivity for a very large number of devices that intermittently transmit small amounts of data, enabling growth in IoT.
VoIP allows users to make phone calls using an Internet connection rather than a traditional phone line. It works by converting the voice signal from analog to digital, breaking it into packets, sending it over IP, reassembling it at the destination, and converting it back to analog. VoIP has advantages like low cost and portability but disadvantages like quality issues during power outages or network instability. Major challenges include addressing latency, echo, jitter, connection problems through firewalls and NAT, and overall reliability.
All of us have lofty expectations for 5G wireless technology.
Massive growth in demand for mobile data...
Massive growth in the number of connected devices...
Massive change in data transfer rates and latency...
Massive explosion in the diversity of mobile applications...
Massive....Massive....Massive....this word is frequently used like never before.
Delivering all these expectations depends on the evolution of existing technologies and revolution in new technologies.
One such revolutionary change is the use of massive multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems in 5G for different frequency ranges.
Interested to understand and learn what mMIMO means?!
If yes, here is some massive theoretical information on Massive MIMO.
Part 6: Standalone and Non-Standalone 5G - 5G for Absolute Beginners3G4G
An introductory training on 5G for newbies available on Udemy - http://bit.ly/udemy5G
All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Femtocells, a technology little-known outside the wireless world, promise better indoor cellular service. In telecommunication, a Femtocell is a small cellular base station, typically designed for use in a home or small business. It connects to the service provider’s network via broadband.
Current designs typically support 2 to 4 active mobile phones in a residential setting, and 8 to 16 active mobile phones in enterprise settings. A Femtocell allows service providers to extend service coverage indoors, especially where access would otherwise be limited or unavailable. For a mobile operator, the attractions of a Femtocell are improvements to both coverage and capacity, especially indoors. A Femtocell is typically the size of a residential gateway or smaller, and
connects into the end-user’s broadband line. Once plugged in, the Femtocell connects to the MNO’s mobile network, and provides extra coverage in a range of typically 30 to 50 meters for residential Femtocells. The end-user must declare which mobile phone numbers are allowed to connect to his/her Femtocell, usually via a web interface provided by the MNO. When these mobile phones arrive under coverage of the Femtocell, they switch over from the Macrocell (outdoor) to the
Femtocell automatically. All communications will then automatically go through the Femtocell.
3GPP Overview
TSG Plenary Status for 5G
New Services and Markets Technology Enablers
Architecture for Next Generation System
Next Generation Radio Access Technology
TSG Plenary Status for LTE-Advanced Pro
References
5G will connect virtually everything around us to transform a wide range of industries — manufacturing, automotive, logistics, and many more, and we are on track to make 5G NR — the global 5G standard — a commercial reality by 2019. However, this first phase of 5G mainly focuses on enhanced mobile broadband services, which will contribute to part of the total projected $12T 5G economy. 5G NR will continue to evolve in Release 16 and beyond to further expand 5G’s reach to new devices, services, and ecosystem players.
4G refers to fourth-generation wireless which aims to provide faster data speeds and more capabilities than 3G. 4G LTE and 4G LTE Advanced are competing 4G standards. 4G LTE aims to provide speeds up to 10 times faster than 3G, while 4G LTE Advanced, standardized in 2011, is an enhancement that provides even higher speeds and more advanced technologies. The key difference is that 4G LTE Advanced supports newer technologies for higher performance compared to 4G LTE.
This document provides an overview of 5G technology and its advantages over 4G LTE. It discusses the different 5G use cases like enhanced mobile broadband, massive IoT, and critical communications. It describes the evolution of radio technology including the use of new spectrum bands and massive MIMO. It also covers network architecture aspects such as centralized RAN deployments and functional splits between centralized and distributed units. The document is intended as a tutorial for IP engineers to understand 5G network capabilities and requirements.
This document provides an introduction to 5G technology, including:
- 5G aims to meet growing connectivity needs and fulfill diverse use cases such as drones, augmented reality, and the Internet of Things.
- 5G standards are being developed by 3GPP and ITU, with 3GPP specifying the radio technology beyond LTE known as New Radio (NR).
- 5G requirements defined by 3GPP include high peak data rates, low latency, high reliability, large connection densities, and support for high mobility.
Begin your evolution with Ericsson’s new small cell solutions.
There is need for the multi-operator dots, multi-dot enclosure, and strand -mounted bracket. The complicated arrangements are made easier with Ericsson small cell solutions.
The document provides information on 3G and 4G cellular network technologies. It discusses the evolution from 1G to 2G to 3G networks, describing key technologies and standards used at each stage. It then focuses on 4G networks, explaining technologies like OFDMA, MIMO and IPv6 that enable higher data rates and more capabilities compared to 3G. The document also compares features of 3G and 4G networks and provides examples of applications that can be supported on 4G networks.
This document provides an overview of fiber to the x (FTTX) networks using passive optical networks (PON). It begins with an introduction to FTTX and PON technologies. It then discusses the different PON architectures including point-to-multipoint PON using optical splitters, active optical networks with dedicated fibers, and hybrid networks. The document also covers considerations for PON including bandwidth, distance, security, quality of service, and future developments in PON technologies.
This project report summarizes a wireless sensor network project completed by three students. It describes the objectives and types of routing protocols used in wireless sensor networks, focusing on the LEACH hierarchical routing protocol. It then discusses some weaknesses of LEACH and proposes an improved DECSA algorithm that selects cluster heads based on both distance and remaining energy to try to overcome LEACH's energy imbalance issues and extend network lifetime.
LTE Basic Parameters, Data Rates, Duplexing & Accessing, Modulation, Coding & MIMO, Explanation of different nodes and Advantage & Disadvantages of different nodes.
목차
1 2차 년도 개발의 배경
2 LTE 의 무선 자원 구성
3 LTE 의 채널 품질 측정
3.1 Reference Signal 전력 측정
3.2 Reference Signal 품질 측정
4 2차년도 개발 내용
4.1 Autonomous Multi-Cell Interference Management
4.2 Coordinated Multi-Cell Capacity and Coverage Optimization
4.3 Coordinated Multi-Cell Interference Management
4.4 Mobility Load Balancing
4.5 Mobility Robustness Optimization
5 2차 년도 개발 참고 사항
5.1 X2 Interface
5.2 X2 Interface, Load Information
5.3 X2 Interface, Load Information, Message Types
5.4 X2 Interface, Load Information, Cell ID
5.5 X2 Interface, Load Information, UL Interference Overload Indication
5.6 X2 Interface, Load Information, UL High Interference Indication
5.7 X2 Interface, Load Information, Relative Narrowband Tx Power (RNTP)
5.8 X2 Interface, ABS Information
5.9 X2 Interface, Invoke Indication
5.10 LTE 이동 통신 망 구성
5.10 eNB 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 구성
5.11 Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
5.13 MRO 가 적용되는 핸드오버 절차
5.14 MRO 가 적용되는 핸드오버를 위한 이벤트
3. 1. 기술 배경
[2020] 50 Billion
Things connected
Source: Verizon
[Today] 2 Billion
People connected
초 연결(Hyper-Connectivity) 사회를 이끄는 5G 기술과 실 세계와 가상 세계에 존재하는
사물들을 네트워크로 상호 연결하는 사물인터넷(IoT)등, 4차 산업혁명의 “지능형 시스템”간
소통과 빅데이터를 공유할 미래 인터넷 전달망에서 저지연, 고품질, 대용량 대역폭을
보장하고, 경제성 있는 망의 유연성과 효율성을 제공 할 전달망이 요구되고 있음…
3
4. 1. 기술 배경
4
Super-Channel의 필요성
미래 인터넷, 클라우드 네트워크 구축을 위한 테라급 장거리 전달 기술이 요구됨.
초고속 대용량화에 따른 저전력과 에너지 효율성, 저비용 경제성 확보가 요구됨.
데이터 트래픽 전달망에서 초고속 대용량화에 따른 유연성과 효율성을 제공할
비트당 데이터 전달 물류비용을 줄일 수 있는 Super-Channel 기술이 요구됨.
50GHz Spacing Fixed Grid 50GHz Spacing Electrical Baud-Rate
10G 10G 40G
• 100G(DP-QPSK, 28/32G Baud-Rate)
• 200G(DP-16QAM, 28/32G Baud-Rate)
50GHz
100G
200G
ITU-T C/L-Band
5. 1. 기술 배경
5
Emergence of Super-Channel
Source: Infinera
DWDM super-channel
Unified channel of multiple optical carriers
Provisioned in a single operational cycle
Emergence of Super-Channels
Advantages of Super-Channels
Very high speed (up to 1 Tb/s)
Eliminate guard bands between channels
Increased fiber capacity
Lower operational complexity
Many recent experiments, field trials,
and deployments
400G/500G/800G/1Tb/s
• 100G : DP-QPSK, 28Gbaud, 1-Carrier, 37.5GHz Spacing
• 400G : DP-16QAM, 56Gbaud, 1-Carrier, 75GHz Spacing
• 1Tera : DP-32QAM, 112Gbaud, 1-Carrier, 150GHz Spacing
Super-Channel은 ROADM의 용량 효율성을 증가시킬 수 있는 기술…
10 λ @ 50GHz
500GHz
10 λ Super-Channel
370GHz
6. 1. 기술 배경
6
Migration to Flex-Grid Super-Channel
Flexible Grid enables higher spectral efficiency for 400G/1T by allocating multiple
fine granularity slices of spectrum(e.g., n x12.5GHz) based on data rate and format.
375GHz :
37.5GHz(PM-QPSK, 32Gbaud) x 10
375GHz :
375GHz(PM-QPSK, 320Gbaud) x 1
375GHz :
187.5GHz(PM-QPSK, 160Gbaud) x 2
1 Laser, 4 Modulators
320 Gbaud Electronics
2 Laser, 8 Modulators
160 Gbaud Electronics
10 Laser, 40 Modulators
32 Gbaud Electronics
Multi-carrier super-channels은 가장 빠르게 전달망에 적용되고 있는 추세… Source: Infinera
7. 1. 기술 배경
7
모듈레이션에 따른 OSNR과 전송거리(I)
More Bits per Symbol = Shorter reach(w/Coherent Detection)…
100G와 Beyond 100G의 모듈레이션 형태에 따른 동일 Bit Rate에 따른 OSNR
Penalty 비교
Increasing… Capacity
Increasing… Reach
2 Bits/Symbol 4 Bits/Symbol 6 Bits/Symbol 8 Bits/Symbol 10 Bits/Symbol 12 Bits/Symbol
8. 1. 기술 배경
8
모듈레이션에 따른 OSNR과 전송거리(II)
Overview on M-QAM option for 400Gbps and 1Tbps Using 100Gbps and 200Gbps
(PM-16QAM) as reference.(Baud Rate은 7%/ 20%/ 28% FEC Option에 따라 결정됨)
400G/1T 장거리 전송을 위해서는 Multi carrier 전달, 고속의 Baud Rate이 요구됨…
9. 1. 기술 배경
9
모듈레이션에 따른 OSNR과 전송거리(III)
동일 Symbol Rate에서 전송 거리
OSNR Penalty/
OSNR(dB)
0
0/11
2
4/18
4/18
Transmission
Distance(Km)
2,500
500
500
C**사 V-III 기준
10. 1. 기술 배경
10
400G/1T 전송 방식
• DP: Dual Polarization
400G 전송
Multi-Carrier
• 200G DP-16QAM(28Gbaud, 2λ)
Single-Carrier
• 400G DP-16QAM(56Gbaud, 1λ)
1T 전송
Multi-Carrier
• 200G DP-16QAM(28Gbaud, 5λ)
Single-Carrier
• 1T DP-32QAM(112Gbaud, 1λ)
400G 전송
변조 방식: 4-subcarrier DP-QPSK, Long Haul 전송
변조 방식: 2-subcarrier DP-16QAM, 메트로 전송
, 2,500Km
, 500Km
Super-Channel 400G
• QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying • QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
12. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
12
ROADM 기능 분류 및 발전 방향
• Data Plane : Zero-Touch Photonics 기반 ROADM Networking 구성 기능
• Management plane : Intelligent 기반 OAM 기능(TL1/Web/App, Mgr, Prv/PM/ALM)
• Control Plane : ASON/GMPLS 기반 자동 노드관리, 회선 연결관리, 회선 절체기능 제공
Colorless
Directionless
Contentionless
Gridless
(Flex/Tunable
grid)
Zero-Touch Photonics ROADM Network
(4-Less CDCF ROADM)
Poor flexibility and
automation
Manual provision
required
Multi-Degree
ROADM
+•High Capacity
Och Scalability:
200G/400G/1T, etc
•T-SDN
Legacy & Today, Feature ROADM
High Speed
ROADM
13. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
13
CDCF-ROADM 기술
Multi-Degree
Flexible Grid
Input Fiber
VB-WSS Block
Output Fiber
Output Fiber
RX TX
Client
• TFA: Tunable Filter Array
1) MCS(w/Flex Grid TFA)
2) N x M Flex Grid WSS
Flex-Grid Contentionless
Frequency(GHz), Slices 12.5GHz
Flex Grid Slices Spectrum
1) MCS(w/Flex Grid TFA)
2) N x M Flex Grid WSS
• MCS: multicast switch • BV-WSS : Bandwidth Variable Wavelength Selective Switch
Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless,
Flexible-Grid (Gridless) for super-channel
14. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
14
CDCF-ROADM 장치
• FCP: Fiber Connection Panel with MPO fiber
Flexible Grid: support super-channels > 50GHz Grid
Colorless: any channel(λ) to any Mux port
Directionless: share Mux between multi-directions
Contentionless: Multiples of same λ can be add/drop
to same Mux
CDCF-ROADM Architecture
Degree-1
Degree-n
Degree-2
•••
Add/Drop
FCP-E
FCP-A/D
16 Add/Drop Port
8 Common Port
Contentionless 기반 Super-Channel
스위칭이 가능한 Dual-MCS모듈
Flexible Grid 기반 Super-Channel
스위칭이 가능한 Twin 1xn WSS 모듈
16. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
16
OCM Application & Functionality
• FCP: Fiber Connection Panel with MPO fiber
Flex Grid OCM과 OPM은 Super-Channels에 대하여 Channel Equalizer(OCM) 기능과
Channel Equalizer & OSNR(OPM) 측정기능 제공…
Optical Channel Monitor(OCM) or Optical Performance Monitor(OPM) is used
in a ROADM system to monitor WDM traffic through the ROADM node
Monitor the health of WDM channels/connections through the ROADM node and
provide feedback to network management
Exact network tuning during
dynamic network actions
Optimized and reliable long-term
network operation
Identify faults or loss of signal to
trigger protection schemes
Key OCM Performance
Power Accuracy
Frequency Accuracy
Resolution
OCM
Dual
1x20
WSS
8D Optical
Cross-connect
12 DROP
8D Optical
Cross-connect
12 ADD
4x1
17. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
17
Flex-Grid OCM/OPM
• T-TFF: Tunable-Thin Film Filter
High Resolution Advantage
T-TFF, Lorentzian filter: Poor power/frequency accuracy
MEMS, Gaussian filter: Poor power accuracy
Hi Res. Scanning optical filter: Good accuracy
High Resolution OCM
Scanning optical filter shape
Center Frequency
Configured Channel Integrated Power (3dB)
Left Noise Range Right Noise Range
Noise Tags
Integrated Noise
Signal analysis features
Center Frequency of each channel
Integrated Power-around the measured
center frequency
Valid Channel detection
OSNR of each channel
Super-Channel power and in-band OSNR measure
• MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
18. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
18
Flexible Grid ROADM 장치 개요
주요 기능
장거리 전송을 위한 광 증폭 기능
• EDFA, RAMAN 증폭기 제공(국사 광역화 및 해저WDM 기능)
1+1 경로 절체(절체 시간 50ms 이내)
파장 변환 및 파장 선택적 스위칭 기능
9-Degree 88채널 ROADM 기능
O-O-O Switching : 79Tera(9-D, 100G 기준)
Add/Drop Capacity: 8.8 Tera(9-D, 100G 기준)
Colorless, Directionless, Flexible Grid 기능 제공
Encryption 기능 및 양장암호통신 QKD 연동기능 제공
품질 유지를 위한 측정기능(OSA, OTDR) 제공
광 링크 구간 감시/제어 및 전송거리 측정 기능
• OSC 채널을 통한 DCC 및 거리 측정 기능
• 가변 색분산 보상(Tunable-DC, Upto 120km) 기능
다양한 인터페이스 제공(Universal Rate Interface)
• STM-1/4/16/64, OTU-2, 1GbE/10GbE(LAN/WAN), SAN등.
미래 클라이언트 인터페이스 제공(100GE, OTUC2[200G])
개요
초연결(Hyper-Connectivity) 시대 사물인터넷(IoT)과 5G로 이동통신의 발전, 온라인 뮤직/동영상, 클라우드 컴퓨팅 등 통신 환경의 변화에
따라 데이터센터/기업망/전화국 간에 폭증하는 유•무선 IP 트래픽에 효과적으로 대처하기 위해, 전달망에서 망의 유연성과 효율성 측면을
보완하여 광신호의 분기/결합(Drop/Add)뿐만 아니라 원격 파장단위 스위칭(O-O-O)기반으로 회선 재배치/재사용(Wavelength Reuse)이
가능하며, End to End One Click Provisioning 기능을 적용하여 원격으로 EMS에서 운용, 유지보수가 가능한 remotely R-OADM 장치임.
TCP/IP
Based
System-IPC
EMS
•••
WMDS-88
WMDS-88
ROADM System Chassis(Master)
ROADM System Chassis(Slave)
ROADM Slave #1
ROADM Slave #n
19. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
19
Multi-Degree Flex-Grid OCM 연동 ROADM 기능 블록도
Base Interface
••• •••
Degree별 ROADM Blade Card
의 모니터 단자에 연결된 포트를
이용하여 채널별 광 파워 성능을
수집하여 System Level 단위로
Channel Equalizer기능과 OSNR
결과 Display 수행.
Flex-OSA를 통한 채널별 광 파워 및 OSNR 측정
채널
별
OSNR
측정
값
채널
별
광파워
측정
값
WSS
Power
Splitter
W
S
S
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
W
S
S
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
W
S
S
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
W
S
S
P
o
w
e
r
S
p
l
i
t
t
e
r
WSS
Power
Splitter WSS
Power
Splitter
TTP
TTP
…
TTP
TTP
…
TTP
TTP
…
TTP
TTP
…
AWG AWG AWG AWG
Degree-4
Add/Drop
Degree
Wavelength(Colors)
Degree-1
Degree-3
Degree-9
Degree-2
•••
Flex OCM 채널별 광 파워 측정결과를 이용한 Channel Equalizer 기능
Main CPU Card
ROADM Blade
Card S-1
ROADM Blade
Card S-2
ROADM Blade
Card S-8 OCM(OPM) Card
OTDR Card
• OSA: Optical Spectrum Analyzer
• ROADM: Reconfigurable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer
• OCM : Optical Channel Monitor
• OTDR: Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer
20. 2. Flexible Grid ROADM 기술
20
Flexible Grid 기술 시스템 적용(80채널 이상)
AWG Module과 Flexible Grid Multi-Port WSS Module을 적용한 Hybrid-Mux/Demux Module
Flexible Grid WSS
•••
Fixed Grid AWG
(Flexible Grid Mux/Demux)
(Fixed Grid Mux/Demux)
(1)
•••
•••
(2)
Hybrid-Mux/Demux Module
Flexible Grid
1x40 WSS Module
(향후 N x M WSS 대체 가능)
Flexible Grid
Twin 1x20 WSS Module
(향후 N x M WSS 대체 가능)
Fixed Grid
AWG Module
• WSS: Wavelength Selective Switch • AWG: Arrayed Waveguide Grating • PS: Power Splitter
PS
22. 3. 맺음말
22
Flexible Grid
Super-channels
CDC ROADM
Super-channel
CDC ROADM
• Super-Channel을 수용하는 신기술
• ROADM의 채널용량을 효율적으로 사용하는 기술
• 새롭게 출현하는 대용량 신호 전달할 신기술
• 네트워크 용량을 효율적으로 유연하게 증설
• 대용량의 멀티 채널의 용이한 운용
• Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless
• L0(λ) 레벨에서 가장 유연하고 효율적인 광 전달 네트워크
• Super-channel을 수용하는 CDCF-ROADM 완성 기술
• OSNR Penalty조건 Modulation-n과 전송거리는 반비례
• 적은 ROADM의 NE로 네트워크를 구성할 수 있는 기술
• 망운용상에서 복잡도를 줄여 용이한 운용
Flex-Grid 기반 Super-Channel CDC ROADM 기술은
네트워크를 유연하고 효율적으로 운용할 수 있는 “단순화”하는 기술!