The document summarizes a paper that analyzes seven articles on the topic of interpreting the unconscious mind through psychoanalysis. A common theme that emerges is the ambiguous and inconsistent results of analyzing the unconscious mind due to the subjective nature of interpretation. While some articles explore dream interpretation and the relationship between conscious and unconscious, others examine the divergent histories and theories within psychoanalysis. The conclusion is that due to the complexity of individuals and subjective perspectives of analysts, results will inherently vary between practitioners, supporting the hypothesis that psychoanalytic examination of the unconscious yields ambiguous results.
The document is a 1600 word Theory of Knowledge essay that evaluates the approach of skepticism in two areas of knowledge: visual arts and chemistry. It defines skepticism as questioning any knowledge claim by asking for clarity, consistency, and evidence. In visual arts, perception is subjective and open to multiple interpretations. In chemistry, inductive reasoning can seem logically valid but inconsistent with reality, as generalizations may omit uncertainties. Overall, ways of knowing like perception and logic provide satisfaction in interpretations, but cannot eliminate all unknowns to achieve absolute truth.
The creation of the english language version of these publicatBHANU281672
This document summarizes an academic article about the role of intuition in management theory and practice. It discusses how intuition is defined in philosophy and psychology. It then proposes defining intuition as a specific type of skill. The document explains how intuition plays a role in the work of management theorists through models of the creative process. It also explains how intuition plays a role in managerial decision making through models of competence. The overall purpose is to show that intuition is a key ability for both management theory and practice.
- Reflective writing is being introduced in many medical schools to help students reflect on their experiences and improve patient care, but the best ways to teach and assess it are still being explored.
- This document discusses different models of teaching reflective writing, with some approaches focusing on writing as a way to demonstrate reflection as a skill, and others seeing writing itself as a way to attain reflection and make meaning.
- It argues that an approach viewing reflection as a narrative process attained through writing may be most effective, as writing externally represents internal experiences in a way that promotes deep self-reflection and understanding between writer and reader.
It has never been accomplished to describe our behavior mathematically. Due to the fact that human
behavior is highly erratic even the understanding of its causes are still sketchy. Assuming that we are all
equal in our regulation of thought and behavior there are simply too many differences and partially
inconsistencies, the attempts stopped in its onset. For having defined the five major groups of mankind, the
sociopath, the artist, the median, the, and the psychopath[1]each group is related to each other but his
decision making is hardwired differently and thou probably more easy to grasp than sticking to the
consistency of all appearance for the regulation of behavior is quite similar in the five groups but different
in its limits. Using the more formalistic tools of mathematics, this can open the review of the equations in
verifying or falsifying the predictions on future behavior in an individual, at least after defining the group
affiliation. Therefore a self-test has been established[2]to predetermine the group. In a hybrid-species
[3], the eight main neuro-receptors in each group to have two optional origins. Measuring each by its
own dominating patterns not only the amalgamation in each group can be defined but also the native
patterns of the non-hybrid ancestry [4]. Not only the variance of possible combination can distribute to
the limits of brain-equations but also the time-axis of our memory, being rather different, illuminating the
highly different decision making among offspring of hunters and farmers. A phenomenon probably
explaining the variance in processing memory by peripheral distributed groups of ADHD and autism for
ADHD memorizes in combining data with importance and such is been given an emotional response to the
recall, while autism is mainly been given the exact time reference stored in a continuous frame of timepreference. The latter therefore have problems to distinguish between important and not important and the
former lacks a passing timeframe, mirroring the primary form of acquiring resource, farming or hunting.
With the boundaries set the graphs of the equation on resource-projection looks highly different by only
changing its limits.
Robert Sternberg proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence in 1985 as an alternative to the idea of general intelligence (g). The triarchic theory posits that there are three types of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical. It is comprised of three sub-theories - contextual, experiential, and componential - that each correspond to one of the three types. The contextual sub-theory relates to practical intelligence and functioning in one's environment. The experiential sub-theory relates to creative intelligence and dealing with novel situations. The componential sub-theory relates to analytical intelligence and problem solving abilities. Sternberg argued intelligence encompasses a variety of abilities that can be developed, not just academic skills
20160217 - Motivation and Improved Collaborative OutcomesWilliam Harding
This document discusses how autonomous motivation as defined by self-determination theory can improve collaborative outcomes when creating technologically advanced solutions. It argues that individuals who are autonomously motivated through intrinsic desires and a sense of self-actualization are more likely to effectively collaborate. In comparison, controlled motivation using extrinsic incentives is less effective and can harm employee morale. The document also notes that while collaboration and motivation theories seem vaguely aligned, collaborative environments focusing on prosocial behavior can help intrinsically and extrinsically motivated individuals work towards shared goals. Effective leadership that inspires vision and trust is also important for supporting collaborative efforts.
20150701 - Leadership Styles and Personality TraitsWilliam Harding
The document analyzes three papers that examine the relationship between leadership styles and personality traits. All three papers converge on the theme that individuals with seemingly undesirable personality traits can make effective leaders. Specifically, the papers found that presidents with psychopathic traits of fearless dominance and self-confidence had extraordinary terms. A study of managers found those with transformational leadership styles were most effective. And a study of students found developing a strong self-image was important for becoming a successful leader. Overall, the analysis concludes many effective leaders possess traits like risk-taking and have a strong self-identity.
The document summarizes three articles about behaviors of successful leaders. It finds that successful leaders exhibit three key attributes: desirable personality traits like daring and agreeableness, distinct leadership styles preferably transformational and transactional, and strong self-identity cognizance. The document concludes that the most successful leaders demonstrate a combination of these three behavioral attributes, which they express in a unique way tailored to their own strengths. Future research should further examine leaders considered successful to identify how precisely these attributes combine within individuals.
The document is a 1600 word Theory of Knowledge essay that evaluates the approach of skepticism in two areas of knowledge: visual arts and chemistry. It defines skepticism as questioning any knowledge claim by asking for clarity, consistency, and evidence. In visual arts, perception is subjective and open to multiple interpretations. In chemistry, inductive reasoning can seem logically valid but inconsistent with reality, as generalizations may omit uncertainties. Overall, ways of knowing like perception and logic provide satisfaction in interpretations, but cannot eliminate all unknowns to achieve absolute truth.
The creation of the english language version of these publicatBHANU281672
This document summarizes an academic article about the role of intuition in management theory and practice. It discusses how intuition is defined in philosophy and psychology. It then proposes defining intuition as a specific type of skill. The document explains how intuition plays a role in the work of management theorists through models of the creative process. It also explains how intuition plays a role in managerial decision making through models of competence. The overall purpose is to show that intuition is a key ability for both management theory and practice.
- Reflective writing is being introduced in many medical schools to help students reflect on their experiences and improve patient care, but the best ways to teach and assess it are still being explored.
- This document discusses different models of teaching reflective writing, with some approaches focusing on writing as a way to demonstrate reflection as a skill, and others seeing writing itself as a way to attain reflection and make meaning.
- It argues that an approach viewing reflection as a narrative process attained through writing may be most effective, as writing externally represents internal experiences in a way that promotes deep self-reflection and understanding between writer and reader.
It has never been accomplished to describe our behavior mathematically. Due to the fact that human
behavior is highly erratic even the understanding of its causes are still sketchy. Assuming that we are all
equal in our regulation of thought and behavior there are simply too many differences and partially
inconsistencies, the attempts stopped in its onset. For having defined the five major groups of mankind, the
sociopath, the artist, the median, the, and the psychopath[1]each group is related to each other but his
decision making is hardwired differently and thou probably more easy to grasp than sticking to the
consistency of all appearance for the regulation of behavior is quite similar in the five groups but different
in its limits. Using the more formalistic tools of mathematics, this can open the review of the equations in
verifying or falsifying the predictions on future behavior in an individual, at least after defining the group
affiliation. Therefore a self-test has been established[2]to predetermine the group. In a hybrid-species
[3], the eight main neuro-receptors in each group to have two optional origins. Measuring each by its
own dominating patterns not only the amalgamation in each group can be defined but also the native
patterns of the non-hybrid ancestry [4]. Not only the variance of possible combination can distribute to
the limits of brain-equations but also the time-axis of our memory, being rather different, illuminating the
highly different decision making among offspring of hunters and farmers. A phenomenon probably
explaining the variance in processing memory by peripheral distributed groups of ADHD and autism for
ADHD memorizes in combining data with importance and such is been given an emotional response to the
recall, while autism is mainly been given the exact time reference stored in a continuous frame of timepreference. The latter therefore have problems to distinguish between important and not important and the
former lacks a passing timeframe, mirroring the primary form of acquiring resource, farming or hunting.
With the boundaries set the graphs of the equation on resource-projection looks highly different by only
changing its limits.
Robert Sternberg proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence in 1985 as an alternative to the idea of general intelligence (g). The triarchic theory posits that there are three types of intelligence: practical, creative, and analytical. It is comprised of three sub-theories - contextual, experiential, and componential - that each correspond to one of the three types. The contextual sub-theory relates to practical intelligence and functioning in one's environment. The experiential sub-theory relates to creative intelligence and dealing with novel situations. The componential sub-theory relates to analytical intelligence and problem solving abilities. Sternberg argued intelligence encompasses a variety of abilities that can be developed, not just academic skills
20160217 - Motivation and Improved Collaborative OutcomesWilliam Harding
This document discusses how autonomous motivation as defined by self-determination theory can improve collaborative outcomes when creating technologically advanced solutions. It argues that individuals who are autonomously motivated through intrinsic desires and a sense of self-actualization are more likely to effectively collaborate. In comparison, controlled motivation using extrinsic incentives is less effective and can harm employee morale. The document also notes that while collaboration and motivation theories seem vaguely aligned, collaborative environments focusing on prosocial behavior can help intrinsically and extrinsically motivated individuals work towards shared goals. Effective leadership that inspires vision and trust is also important for supporting collaborative efforts.
20150701 - Leadership Styles and Personality TraitsWilliam Harding
The document analyzes three papers that examine the relationship between leadership styles and personality traits. All three papers converge on the theme that individuals with seemingly undesirable personality traits can make effective leaders. Specifically, the papers found that presidents with psychopathic traits of fearless dominance and self-confidence had extraordinary terms. A study of managers found those with transformational leadership styles were most effective. And a study of students found developing a strong self-image was important for becoming a successful leader. Overall, the analysis concludes many effective leaders possess traits like risk-taking and have a strong self-identity.
The document summarizes three articles about behaviors of successful leaders. It finds that successful leaders exhibit three key attributes: desirable personality traits like daring and agreeableness, distinct leadership styles preferably transformational and transactional, and strong self-identity cognizance. The document concludes that the most successful leaders demonstrate a combination of these three behavioral attributes, which they express in a unique way tailored to their own strengths. Future research should further examine leaders considered successful to identify how precisely these attributes combine within individuals.
20151209 - The Phenomenal Creation of KnowledgeWilliam Harding
This document discusses the phenomenal creation of knowledge through examining human experience. It explores how both subjective and objective analysis can work together to form knowledge. Subjective analysis through things like intuition and context help form hypotheses, while objective analysis through scientific reasoning can help discover further truths. The document examines various epistemological theories and the views of Descartes and Locke on innate knowledge to discuss how experience, rationalism and empiricism influence our understanding of phenomena and the creation of knowledge. It analyzes how subjective and objective analysis can be unified to understand human experience rather than viewed as separate and conflicting.
The document discusses unified theories of psychology and proposes a hybrid theories method that aggregates multiple cognitive and learning theories. It suggests that combining theories provides a more effective framework for problem solving than a single theory. The hybrid method aligns with schemas that help balance cognitive load. The document also compares cognitive and learning theories, noting they can be applied interchangeably through experience. It concludes the hybrid model supports effectively adapting to new technologies, like in healthcare.
20150909 - Social Influences and Self-ReflectionWilliam Harding
This paper analyzes five articles that discuss concepts related to self-reflection and social influences. While the articles cover different topics like self-awareness, self-knowledge, and personality development, they all infer that social and cultural influences shape an individual's personality and self-identity. The paper identifies a common theme across the articles that an individual's understanding of themselves is closely linked to examining their social relationships and interpersonal influences from childhood, rather than focusing solely on internal reflection or Freudian psychosexual development stages. It argues that aggregating the insights from the articles supports the view that social interactions play a key role in self-discovery and developing an objective understanding of one's personality.
20160224 - Automation of Paper Based ManufacturingWilliam Harding
The document discusses the need for LIPH, a manufacturing company, to transition from a manual paper-based tracking system to an automated product tracking system for their heart valve assembly line. It proposes that a strategic plan be developed by subject matter experts (SMEs) using psychological theories of cognition, collaboration, motivation, and learning combined with transformational leadership. The SMEs will need to get stakeholder buy-in while implementing the new system within six months to increase production and quality. The strategic plan will focus on change management and overcoming any resistance to the transition.
20151107 - The Influences on Motivation in Online Educational EnvironmentsWilliam Harding
This document summarizes a research paper on the influences on student motivation in online educational environments. It discusses five key components that impact motivation: the student, instructor, educational content, teaching methods, and learning environment. It proposes that instructors play the most important role by expressing prosocial behaviors, clearly communicating expectations, and creating engaging content and environments. The paper also notes limitations, such as instructors lacking technology skills or the ability to implement all proposed solutions. Overall, it concludes that instructors must be properly trained to positively influence student motivation and reduce attrition in online programs.
20160307 - Transitioning Manual Operations to AutomationWilliam Harding
The document discusses transitioning a manufacturing company called LIPH from manual to automated operations. Three subject matter experts (SMEs) will lead the project. To gain stakeholder buy-in and address resistance to change, the SMEs will use cognitive flexibility theory and design thinking collaboration. This will help develop a clear problem statement and strategic plan. The plan will define the project scope, timeline, and ensure stakeholder alignment around a shared goal of a successful automated solution.
The dihedral system is a representation method that defines elements based on their orthogonal projections onto at least two projection planes: the vertical plane for elevations, the horizontal plane for plans, and other planes for profiles. Elements are shown through multiple views of elevations, plans, and profiles projected onto different planes.
This document surveys a target audience for a thriller film. It asks about age (16-21), gender (male/female), favorite thriller genres (action, horror, suspense, mystery, spy), what they watch thrillers for (thrill, suspense, actors, plot), how often they watch (once a week to 4+ times a week), and where they watch (cinema, home, friend's house). The conclusion indicates the cinema and watching with friends on weekends would be best to reach this target audience.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
Cynthia CAVALLI An exploration of objective meaning in synchronicityCynthia Cavalli, Ph.D.
The document summarizes a research study that explored the experience of objective meaning in transformational life experiences known as synchronicities. Nine participants who experienced significant synchronicities were interviewed. The results identified common themes across the participants' experiences, including crisis, disruption of emotions, uncertainty, experiences of synchronicity itself, feelings of awe, recognition of larger patterns in life, emergence of meaning, and life transformation. These themes formed the essential structure of experiencing meaningful coincidence and objective meaning in transformational events.
Fred Pine proposes reconceptualizing psychoanalysis as the study of the workings of the mind rather than as pluralism or incompatible theories. He argues that contributions seen as pluralism have actually filled gaps in areas Freud excluded, like object relations, self, preoedipal development, and the impact of the analyst. These developments represent an increased knowledge of the mind rather than contradictory theories. However, historical and group factors have led psychoanalysis to fragment into sect-like subgroups that view each other's theories as oppositional rather than additive.
This document summarizes the Ad Hoc Cognition (AHC) framework, which proposes that concepts, categories, and word meanings (CC&Ms) are constructed dynamically based on context rather than having stable core meanings. The key points are:
1) CC&Ms only exist when they are being instantiated and vary between instances based on contextual cues, so no two instances are ever identical.
2) All CC&Ms, including common-seeming ones, are ad hoc constructions dependent on the specific neural and situational context in which they are used.
3) Words are cues for constructing meanings in context rather than having fixed predefined meanings, and different contexts yield different constructed meanings.
This is a revision of my presentation from the August 2013 International Human Science Research Conference in Aalborg, Denmark. My objective was to convey the interrelationship of description and interpretation within phenomenological philosophy and upon Giorgi's descriptive research approach drawing upon Ricoeur's hermeneutic philosophy.
20151209 - The Phenomenal Creation of KnowledgeWilliam Harding
This document discusses the phenomenal creation of knowledge through examining human experience. It explores how both subjective and objective analysis can work together to form knowledge. Subjective analysis through things like intuition and context help form hypotheses, while objective analysis through scientific reasoning can help discover further truths. The document examines various epistemological theories and the views of Descartes and Locke on innate knowledge to discuss how experience, rationalism and empiricism influence our understanding of phenomena and the creation of knowledge. It analyzes how subjective and objective analysis can be unified to understand human experience rather than viewed as separate and conflicting.
The document discusses unified theories of psychology and proposes a hybrid theories method that aggregates multiple cognitive and learning theories. It suggests that combining theories provides a more effective framework for problem solving than a single theory. The hybrid method aligns with schemas that help balance cognitive load. The document also compares cognitive and learning theories, noting they can be applied interchangeably through experience. It concludes the hybrid model supports effectively adapting to new technologies, like in healthcare.
20150909 - Social Influences and Self-ReflectionWilliam Harding
This paper analyzes five articles that discuss concepts related to self-reflection and social influences. While the articles cover different topics like self-awareness, self-knowledge, and personality development, they all infer that social and cultural influences shape an individual's personality and self-identity. The paper identifies a common theme across the articles that an individual's understanding of themselves is closely linked to examining their social relationships and interpersonal influences from childhood, rather than focusing solely on internal reflection or Freudian psychosexual development stages. It argues that aggregating the insights from the articles supports the view that social interactions play a key role in self-discovery and developing an objective understanding of one's personality.
20160224 - Automation of Paper Based ManufacturingWilliam Harding
The document discusses the need for LIPH, a manufacturing company, to transition from a manual paper-based tracking system to an automated product tracking system for their heart valve assembly line. It proposes that a strategic plan be developed by subject matter experts (SMEs) using psychological theories of cognition, collaboration, motivation, and learning combined with transformational leadership. The SMEs will need to get stakeholder buy-in while implementing the new system within six months to increase production and quality. The strategic plan will focus on change management and overcoming any resistance to the transition.
20151107 - The Influences on Motivation in Online Educational EnvironmentsWilliam Harding
This document summarizes a research paper on the influences on student motivation in online educational environments. It discusses five key components that impact motivation: the student, instructor, educational content, teaching methods, and learning environment. It proposes that instructors play the most important role by expressing prosocial behaviors, clearly communicating expectations, and creating engaging content and environments. The paper also notes limitations, such as instructors lacking technology skills or the ability to implement all proposed solutions. Overall, it concludes that instructors must be properly trained to positively influence student motivation and reduce attrition in online programs.
20160307 - Transitioning Manual Operations to AutomationWilliam Harding
The document discusses transitioning a manufacturing company called LIPH from manual to automated operations. Three subject matter experts (SMEs) will lead the project. To gain stakeholder buy-in and address resistance to change, the SMEs will use cognitive flexibility theory and design thinking collaboration. This will help develop a clear problem statement and strategic plan. The plan will define the project scope, timeline, and ensure stakeholder alignment around a shared goal of a successful automated solution.
The dihedral system is a representation method that defines elements based on their orthogonal projections onto at least two projection planes: the vertical plane for elevations, the horizontal plane for plans, and other planes for profiles. Elements are shown through multiple views of elevations, plans, and profiles projected onto different planes.
This document surveys a target audience for a thriller film. It asks about age (16-21), gender (male/female), favorite thriller genres (action, horror, suspense, mystery, spy), what they watch thrillers for (thrill, suspense, actors, plot), how often they watch (once a week to 4+ times a week), and where they watch (cinema, home, friend's house). The conclusion indicates the cinema and watching with friends on weekends would be best to reach this target audience.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
This document provides an introduction to commonly used features in PowerPoint. It will demonstrate how to add and format slides, insert graphics, videos and other media, apply transitions between slides, and add interactive elements like buttons. The goal is to serve as both a user guide and practice material for learning PowerPoint.
Cynthia CAVALLI An exploration of objective meaning in synchronicityCynthia Cavalli, Ph.D.
The document summarizes a research study that explored the experience of objective meaning in transformational life experiences known as synchronicities. Nine participants who experienced significant synchronicities were interviewed. The results identified common themes across the participants' experiences, including crisis, disruption of emotions, uncertainty, experiences of synchronicity itself, feelings of awe, recognition of larger patterns in life, emergence of meaning, and life transformation. These themes formed the essential structure of experiencing meaningful coincidence and objective meaning in transformational events.
Fred Pine proposes reconceptualizing psychoanalysis as the study of the workings of the mind rather than as pluralism or incompatible theories. He argues that contributions seen as pluralism have actually filled gaps in areas Freud excluded, like object relations, self, preoedipal development, and the impact of the analyst. These developments represent an increased knowledge of the mind rather than contradictory theories. However, historical and group factors have led psychoanalysis to fragment into sect-like subgroups that view each other's theories as oppositional rather than additive.
This document summarizes the Ad Hoc Cognition (AHC) framework, which proposes that concepts, categories, and word meanings (CC&Ms) are constructed dynamically based on context rather than having stable core meanings. The key points are:
1) CC&Ms only exist when they are being instantiated and vary between instances based on contextual cues, so no two instances are ever identical.
2) All CC&Ms, including common-seeming ones, are ad hoc constructions dependent on the specific neural and situational context in which they are used.
3) Words are cues for constructing meanings in context rather than having fixed predefined meanings, and different contexts yield different constructed meanings.
This is a revision of my presentation from the August 2013 International Human Science Research Conference in Aalborg, Denmark. My objective was to convey the interrelationship of description and interpretation within phenomenological philosophy and upon Giorgi's descriptive research approach drawing upon Ricoeur's hermeneutic philosophy.
Cross-cultural psychology explores the relationship between minds and the complex environments that shape them. It focuses on how environments like workplaces, cultural traditions, and political systems influence basic cognitive processes. Methodology in cross-cultural psychology includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative methods use experimental designs and measures of correlation, while qualitative research is conducted in natural settings using methods like interviews.
This document discusses different perspectives on ontology and epistemology and how they affect qualitative data analysis and coding. It addresses realist, contextualist, and radical constructivist views. A realist perspective believes findings are waiting to be discovered in the data. Contextualism holds that knowledge is local and provisional based on the research context. Radical constructivism challenges the idea of absolute foundations for knowledge and objectivity. The document evaluates how these perspectives approach coding, reliability, and researcher subjectivity.
Eysenck developed one of the earliest and most influential trait theories of personality. He proposed three core personality dimensions: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Eysenck believed these traits had biological and genetic bases. His theory emphasized measurable traits over internal states. While criticized for oversimplifying personality, Eysenck's work established trait theory as a major paradigm and influenced the development of the Five Factor Model. His dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism are still widely used in personality research today.
Running head HEURISTIC INQUIRY2Title Theory.docxjeanettehully
Running head: HEURISTIC INQUIRY 2
Title: “Theory and Literature Review of Heuristic Inquiry”
Name: Kizito Ekechukwu
University: Capella University
Research Question that will be used:
What role does the therapist’s spirituality play in the treatment of his or her patients?
How do female high school teachers who have been physically assaulted by students overcome their fears so they can effectively teach?
How does a good everyday life come about when living with chronic rheumatic conditions?
Hypothesis: Recognizing phenomenological attributes, for example, an establishing in theory and the use of the mental phenomenological decrease are absent from the heuristic request structure. What's more, a heuristic request is an individual focused methodology, though the phenomenological technique is a marvel focused methodology. Different basic likenesses with transpersonal inquire about techniques, for example, transpersonal descriptors, fusing the specialist's close to home understanding, and a transformational sway legitimize the transpersonal characterization.
How other research papers and theories are similar: The research I conducted on this theory of heuristic analysis and after analyzing thoroughly 6 to 8 research papers I found that the research approaches of all the authors and researchers were similar to the theory and hypothesis. All the research papers had the same background of heuristic investigation problem. Th research methodologies and data collection were somehow different. Following is the literature review of the theory and hypothesis.
Why This Research is important
Because this research topic got my interest during the course. The research in this specific topic will identify some important aspects to the discipline.
Literature Review
The heuristic request begins with the primary analyst endeavoring to comprehend an extreme and frequently complex individual experience, a marvel that isn't surely known. The substance of the structure is simply the commitment of the analyst's in a procedure of disclosure, the exacting importance of the heuristic request. "The accentuation on the specialist's inside the casing of reference, self-looking, instinct, and inhabiting lies at the core of heuristic request" (Moustakas, 1990, p. 12). The experience is incredible however contains a secret, and "the riddle brings me" Moustakas composed (Moustakas, 1990, p. 13). Despite the fact that the heuristic theme depends on close to home understanding, the information gained experientially is deficient, and brings about uncertainty and addressing (Frick, 1990), instead of assurance. The scrutinizing requires an orderly examination of the experience inside the analyst's self, and by connecting with other people who have lived through a similar encounter. In this emotional voyage, the scientist and coresearchers utilize progressive phases of more profound understanding that outcome in a full engaging record of the experience examined. The heuri ...
This document discusses the intersections between psychoanalysis and management. It argues that psychoanalysis can provide a theory of human subjectivity and help understand unconscious processes that influence organizational phenomena. Psychoanalysis views individuals as desubstantivized subjects influenced by operative fantasies rather than having a fixed human nature. It can examine how unconscious identification and transferential dynamics between organizations and countries like geopolitical relationships influence their behavior in non-rational ways. Psychoanalysis aims to help managers and leaders understand these unconscious dynamics to minimize irrational decision making and acting out of conflicts within organizations.
Analogical reasoning involves drawing conclusions about one thing based on its similarities to another. It is used in science, law, politics, and everyday problem-solving. While deduction, induction, and abduction rely on general premises or conclusions, analogies focus on relating specific particularities. Theories of analogical reasoning propose that it involves aligning corresponding elements between a source and target domain based on their shared structural relationships. Metaphors are a form of analogical reasoning that involve projecting terms from one domain onto another to structure experience in a new way. Open questions around analogical reasoning include how embodied, emotional, and imaginary processes influence it, and whether competence develops in a domain-general or domain-specific manner.
This document provides an overview of cognitive therapy. It discusses Aaron Beck, the founder of cognitive therapy, and his background and influences. Beck developed cognitive therapy in the 1960s as an alternative to psychoanalysis, focusing on how a person's thinking affects their feelings and behaviors. Cognitive therapy views psychological disorders as stemming from dysfunctional thought patterns and cognitive distortions, rather than underlying unconscious desires. The document outlines seven common cognitive distortions identified by Beck and discusses how cognitive therapy aims to identify and change faulty assumptions and core beliefs through restructuring distorted thinking.
In the epistemological context, two questions have a special relevance: "are emotions knowledge?" and "is a uniform theory of emotions necessary to evaluate the epistemological state of emotions?". A restrictive interpretation of "knowledge" requires theories to have propositional content. In such a case, emotions are usually assimilated to normative beliefs or judgments. More liberal interpretations of "knowledge" also include theories that interpret emotions on the perception model. A minimal definition of cognitive theories of emotions includes the assertion that emotions are intentional.
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.11326.72004
Shiva Kumar Srinivasan has a Ph.D. in English Literature and Psychoanalysis from the University of Wales at Cardiff.
This review sets out the importance of a special issue of Umbr(a) #1, 1998, on 'Identity and Identification' from the Center for Psychoanalysis and Culture at SUNY, Buffalo for students of law, management, and business.
It explains how a Lacanian theory of the subject can make it possible to manage in a 'psychoanalytically informed manner' by making a case for incorporating the insights of Lacanian psychoanalysis in the mainstream professions.
This document discusses apperception tests and projective tests used in social sciences research to assess socio-cultural change. It provides background on existing tests like the Thematic Apperception Test and Rorschach inkblot test, but argues they are insufficient for today's needs. The document proposes developing "Structured Apperception Techniques" to better capture socio-cultural change across different cultures in a post-globalized world, while keeping the core concepts of existing tests.
This book review summarizes Psychology: A Very Short Introduction by Gillian Butler and Freda McManus. The reviewer notes that psychology is increasingly relevant to business, economics, and politics given events like the 2008 financial crisis. Understanding human behavior and psychology is important for policymakers to stabilize financial systems and intervene in the economy. The book provides a concise introduction to key topics in psychology like perception, learning, memory, thinking, motivation, and emotion. It will be useful for business and economics students to understand how psychological concepts apply in real world organizations and decision-making.
This document discusses simulation theory as an approach to understanding how people attribute mental states to others, known as theory of mind or mind reading. It reviews evidence from developmental psychology and cognitive neuroscience that mind reading involves simulating or re-experiencing the mental processes of the person being read. Specifically, it discusses how low-level mind reading of basic emotions like disgust is facilitated by "mirror neurons" that cause the observer to unconsciously simulate the emotion they see in another person, enabling them to attribute that mental state. The document also suggests memory and future thinking involve similar simulation processes of re-experiencing past events or pre-experiencing possible future events.
This document discusses the challenges of writing an essay on the topic of "Dangerous Minds". It notes that the term itself encompasses various interpretations from psychological aspects of individuals to broader societal implications. One difficulty is balancing exploration of psychological intricacies with external contributing factors to such behavior, requiring analysis of both individual and societal aspects. Additionally, the essay may need a critical examination of case studies or works illustrating the concept. This demands meticulous research to ensure information is accurate and contributes to understanding. Another challenge is navigating ethical considerations of portraying individuals sensitively without perpetuating stereotypes. Constructing a cohesive narrative that flows logically while engaging readers is also daunting. In conclusion, an essay on this topic
Annotated Bibliography and Outline
Kirsten Vincent
RES 802
March 29, 2017
Dr. Millett
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OUTLINE
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OUTLINE
6
Annotated Bibliography and Outline
Hall, C. S., & Lindzey, G. (1957). Social psychological theories: Adler, Fromm, Horney, and Sullivan. In Theories of personality (pp. 114-156). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc. doi:10.1037/10910-004 https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login .aspx?direct=true&db=pzh&AN=2006-03537-004&site=ehost-live&scope=site
This article defines and explains the different theories of personality and social psychological theories. The contributions of Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, and Harry Stack Sullivan in the development of the ideas are discussed in the article. These psychologists agreed with previous works of Freud but incorporated their ideas and theories to develop new theories. These theories aim at answering questions and explaining concepts that previous theories could not explain. Adler developed a theory that had social interest and striving for superiority as its primary pillars. Horney and Fromm insisted on the relevance of social psychological variables in the development of the personality theories. Later, Harry Stack developed the theory of interpersonal relationships and provided insight on its relationship with the personality theory. Despite different assumptions and concepts are shown by the different theories, some concepts complement each other in explaining certain behaviors.
Weaver, Y. (2009). Mid-life - A time of crisis or new possibilities? Existential Analysis, 20(1), 69–78. https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login .aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=37585685&site=ehost-live&scope=site
This article offers insight on the different views held by various psychologists concerning mid-life crises. There are two groups holding views from the various schools of thought. One group believes that the cause of the mid-life crisis is rooted in childhood difficulties that cause disorders of the ego. They argue that psychoanalysis is the only solution that allows the disturbed individuals to revisit their childhoods and deal with issues emanating from the same. The other group views mid-life as a normal stage of human development. This stage, according to this panel, is characterized by a time for people to re-evaluate their achievements and gauge their accomplishments. This period involves critiquing of one's abilities at this stage is also a feature of this period. It also entails conflicts between who an individual is and what they are aiming to be or what they expected to achieve at their age. These psychologists argue that these conflicts can occur at any age and are not specifically characteristic of mid-life.
Axelrod, S. D. (2012). "Self-awareness: At the interface of executive development and psychoanalytic thera.
This document provides an overview of the qualitative research method of phenomenology. It discusses how phenomenology aims to understand lived experiences through descriptive analysis and bracketing of preconceptions. The document outlines the origins of phenomenology in Edmund Husserl's work and describes key aspects of the approach including describing the essence of phenomena, intentionality, and suspension of judgments. It also notes some criticisms of phenomenology in its subjectivity and difficulties establishing validity and reliability.
The document discusses how to effectively use third party stories in sales. It explains that third party stories are the most persuasive type of story a salesperson can share because they show real examples of customers who experienced positive results from using the product or service. The document provides guidance on constructing third party stories, including choosing customers that are similar to the prospect and focusing on one main point. It also outlines the four essential components for communicating the stories persuasively: a compelling introduction, dialogue, description of results, and a conclusion that relates back to the prospect.
Similar to 20150819 - The Ambiguous Unconscious Mind (20)
1. Running head: THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 1
The Ambiguous Unconscious Mind
William Harding
Grand Canyon University
August 19, 2015
2. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 2
The Ambiguous Unconscious Mind
Analyzing and interpreting the unconscious mind should be the task of the client, where
the Psychoanalyst is the catalyst for discovery. Furthermore, is it the task of the Psychoanalysts
to evaluate a client's unconscious self, such as represented by the id and as expressed within the
content of a dream, or is the challenge of a skilled Psychoanalyst to garner more reliable
information/data through the evaluation of the client's interpretation of content within the
unconscious mind and as cognitively exhibited through the conscious superego? Respectively,
should a client be encouraged to originate a personal interpretation of the disparate relationship
between the id and ego, in order to arrive at a self-realizing awareness that encourages neutrality
or balance between the conscious and unconscious mind as reflected in the ego?
This paper synthesizes seven articles to identify a shared theme that links the articles
through similar values, ideas, and philosophies and possibly where the shared theme is
conflicting and lacking in any professional alignment. Hebbrecht (2013) explores the process of
analyzing dreams as they modulate through years of therapeutic sessions and how the
relationship between the analyst and the client can vacillate between transference-
countertransference. Johansson (2007) examines the history of psychoanalysis from the
profession’s inception to the present, where the internal strife and lack of external recognition
suggests that the profession has an uncertain future. Perera (2013) examines the significance of
dream content related to ego within aging individuals, where information presented is a
retrospective reflection of personal reconciliation with mortality. Klüners (2014) provides an
examination of the principal philosophical history, associations with psychoanalysis, and the
proposed objective roles of historians in their attempts to differentiate fairy tales from facts, such
that the human race might reach a higher level of enlightenment. Newirth (2015) examines the
3. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 3
transformation of psychoanalytical interpreted symbolic data into rational representations of the
interrelationship between the conscious and unconscious mind. Schut and Castonguay (2001)
examines the pros and cons as well as the logic related to aligning psychoanalysis with academic
psychology for the purposes of benefiting clients and the psychoanalytical community. Lastly,
Summers (2006) examines Freud's work with respect to contemporary application, where the
author explores Freud from the perspective that Freud exists as two separate and distinguishable
individuals (i.e., hermeneuticist and natural scientist).
This paper will discuss common and shared themes that emerged from the synthesis of
information contained within the seven articles, where a common theme was identified as it
relates to the ambiguous interpretation of results derived from a psychoanalytical evaluation of
the unconscious mind. Furthermore, with consideration for the influences that potentially affect
an individual’s personal development and where those affects are often consciously realized or
unconsciously expressed in adulthood, it is critical to examine past influences, present attributes,
and personality traits in order to create an objective and consistent representation of each
individuals id (i.e., pleasure seeking), ego (i.e., balance/regulation), and superego (i.e.,
avoidance/fear). Whereas, there often appears to be some uniformity within specific circles of
psychoanalytic professionals, as it applies to the theory of exploring the unconscious mind, the
personal perspectives offered by the authors of each evaluated articles inevitably clashed,
supporting the proposal that analysis of the unconscious mind will yield inconsistent and
ambiguous results, unique to individual Psychoanalyst who are personally involved in client
evaluations.
Disparate Themes and Ambiguous Analysis
4. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 4
Through examination of the seven referenced articles, it was clear that the information
presented by Hebbrecht (2013) and Perera (2013) aligned such that a common and shared theme
relating to analysis of dreams and the unconscious mind could be exposed and discussed.
Whereas, the material presented by Johansson (2007) and Klüners (2014) focused entirely on the
history of psychoanalysis, where considerable detail was provided regarding the internal and
external struggles that the Psychoanalyst profession has faced over time. Furthermore, the
principal theme that emerged from the Johansson (2007) and Klüners (2014) articles was that the
Psychoanalyst profession is dynamic even at the individual level, where methods, interpretations,
and collaborative relationships are not a constant, existing in a state of flux. Accordingly,
Klüners (2014) supports an objective approach in assessing information, and discusses the role of
the historian in “. . . the reconstruction of the intention of human action.” (p. 55), expressing
obvious similarities between a historian and a phycologist. Moreover, though the author
supports an objective approach that enables the historian to filter the distortion of historical facts
to arrive at a positive solution for the client, the author's discussion of various individuals who
obviously influenced Freud, clearly exposes the multitude of views that conclude into completely
divergent interpretations. Likewise, Newirth (2015) supports the divergent or changing nature of
psychoanalytic theory, which further supports the hypothesis that standardization across the
psychoanalytical profession does not exist and that any analytical assessments of a client from
two different Psychoanalysts, will result in ambiguous data that cannot be tested or proved. That
point is further supported within the Summers (2006) article, where Freud's work is examined
with respect to being relevant in present day application or being insufficient given
advancements in the last 100 years. Accordingly, the fact that Freud never published any large
body of seminal work (mostly short single focused material), further fuels the disconnect
5. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 5
between various psychoanalytic camps as well as with academic psychology in their subjective
interpretations of Freud's work (Summers, 2006).
Comparatively, the Schut and Castonguay (2001) article supports aligning psychoanalysis
with academic psychology, which would appear to dispute this paper’s hypothesis of ambiguous
psychoanalytical results, however the general consensus from the psychoanalytical community is
to remain detached from academic psychology because of patient privacy, complexity of the
profession such as is associated with the disparate nature and multitude of mental contents,
where it is believed that applying scientific methods to psychoanalytical sessions will in some
way contaminate the process. That being considered, the suggestion that an academic evaluation
of psychoanalytical processes will somehow reduce the effectiveness of the process, further
supports the proposal that there is a disconnect between individual interpretations (i.e.,
ambiguous results) and the subjective application of the psychoanalytical process, which is
described as ". . . vague analytic constructs . . ." (Schut & Castonguay, 2001, p. 42).
Subsequently, and following a deeper examination of the details and the inferences to
analysis of the unconscious mind, a common theme did emerge related to ambiguous results
associated with subjective interpretation of client dreams and the unconscious mind. With that in
mind, even the seemly disparate theme within the Johansson (2007), Klüners (2014), Schut and
Castonguay (2001), and Summers (2006) articles supports the suggestion that a misalignment of
theories and conclusions within the profession of psychoanalysis has led to ambiguous results
being expressed, following the examination of the unconscious mind.
Interpretation of the Unconscious Mind
The examination of dreams has opened an entrance into the unconscious mind such that
Psychoanalysts are able to delve into the conflicts between the id and the superego in such a way
6. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 6
as to enable exposing issues that defeat the ego’s ability to maintain a healthy balance. The
information presented in the Hebbrecht (2013), Perera (2013), and Newirth (2015) articles
encourage the Psychoanalyst to explore the unconscious mind through each client’s
interpretation of the content and relevance exposed.
However, the point where clients offer their interpretation of dreams is where the three
articles diverge from their methods and techniques of assessing the client interpretations.
Hebbrecht (2013) and Newirth (2015) suggests that transference-countertransference occurs
between the client and the analyst, where instead of a maintaining an objective relationship
between the analyst and the client, there is personal immersion by the analyst such that
considerable subjective personal interpretation of dream content is injected by the analyst in their
role as a participant observer. Similarly, Schut and Castonguay (2001) infer support for the
analyst becoming immersed within the client sessions such that the analyst can experience what
the client is expressing. That being said, the metaphorical Wizard of Oz character (i.e., id)
discussed in the Newirth (2015) article and the character’s relevance to the subjective
interpretation of psychoanalysis, exemplifies the ambiguous nature of psychoanalytical data
results. Conversely, both Perera (2013) and Summers (2006) remain relatively objective in the
interpretation of dream content, where the authors examine client information as it relates to the
great mother and self-discovery as well as from the perspective of a hermeneuticist and natural
scientist. Nonetheless, though the four articles lack analytical alignment, their individual
approaches support the hypothesis that an examination of the unconscious mind by multiple
Psychoanalysts will yield ambiguous results.
Infancy, Adolescences, and Psychoanalysis Alignment
7. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 7
Understanding the history of psychoanalysis is a critical step in understanding the vast
differences within the profession, where a more complete picture can be drawn as it relates to
identifying the logic behind the various philosophies, techniques, and methods associated with
psychoanalysis. With the brush of an artist, Johansson (2007) and Klüners (2014) paint a picture
in near 3D, such that the information in the articles form a mural depicting characters in a chaotic
fever of secrecy, mistrust, temporary allegiances, and isolation. Whereas, even the history of
psychoanalysis is skewed by Psychoanalysts who rewrite their own history as they adjust their
personal theories or form contrasting alliances with other peers (Johansson, 2007).
By extension, the Johansson (2007) and Klüners (2014) inferences to the conflicting
views within the various historians and psychoanalysts camps as well as the variety of
interpretations associated with defining the unconscious and conscious mind, supports the shared
common theme among the evaluated articles related to the ambiguity of results expressed during
the interpretation of the unconscious mind. Moreover, the inability for early psychologists and
psychoanalysts to remain objective in their interpretations of the unconscious mind or to agree on
whether the unconscious and conscious mind is clearly divided, overlaps, or has methods for
bridging, further supports the suggested ambiguity of psychoanalytic results. Correspondingly,
as is inferred by Summers (2006), the fact that Freud approached dream analysis from both the
perspective of the hermeneuticist and natural scientist, emphasizes the duality of Freud's
interpretive methods and leaves the door open for future Psychoanalysts to use subjective
interpretation methods in the examination of the unconscious mind, resulting in ambiguous
information. Subsequently, though Schut and Castonguay (2001) do not delve into the history of
psychoanalysis, the disconnect between academic psychology and psychoanalysis, under the
guise of professional complexity, aligns with the Johansson (2007) and Klüners (2014)
8. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 8
discussions related to divided psychoanalytic camps, methods for interpreted analysis, and
misaligned results.
Conclusion
Following the evaluation of the seven articles as single entity, the importance of
evaluating the unconscious mind as exposed through a client’s interpretation of dream content is
a critical step in assisting the Psychoanalyst with identifying influences that have affected an
individual’s development stages and obstacles that are limiting a client from leading a healthy
and normal life. That being considered, the content within the evaluated articles exemplified the
suggestion that no two evaluations of the unconscious mind will align, further supporting the
proposal that results derived from psychoanalytical examination of the unconscious mind will be
inconsistent and ambiguous. With that in mind, it is proposed that the disconnect and lack of
clear understanding for Freud's body of work, exemplifies the chaotic state within which the
psychoanalytic profession resides and further supports the hypothesis that no two Psychoanalyst
will consistently arrive at the same psychoanalytical results.
Regardless of the fact that there have been attempts to align psychoanalysis with
academic psychology, it is understood that the field of psychoanalysis is highly complex and is
not an exacting science, where empirical data can be derived from objective quantitative studies.
The chaotic and unique aspects of each individual as well as the subjective interpretations
offered by each Psychoanalyst, inherently creates circumstances where there can virtually be no
alignment within the psychoanalytic profession. Consequently, and though the hypothesis of this
paper was supported by the information examined within the seven articles, the ambiguity and
inconsistency as found within the results of psychoanalytical examination of the unconscious
mind is not suggested as being undesirable. Whereas, the desire to acquire multiple
9. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 9
interpretations may prove to be more useful to clients than the results acquired through a singular
assessment or through unfaltering mathematical pattern recognition.
10. THE AMBIGUOUS UNCONSCIOUS MIND 10
References
Hebbrecht, M. (2013, July/December). The dream as a picture of the psychoanalytic process.
Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis / Revue Roumain de Psychanaly, 6, 123-142.
Retrieved from http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/93354202
Johansson, P. M. (2007, February). Historiography and psychoanalysis. International Forum of
Psychoanalysis, 16, 103-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08037060701300083
Klüners, M. (2014, July). Freud as a philosopher of history. The Journal of Psychohistory, 42(1),
55-71.
Newirth, J. (2015, April). Psychoanalysis' past, present, and future: Sherlock Holmes, Sir
Lancelot, and the Wizard of Oz. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 32(2), 307-320.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035251
Perera, S. B. (2013, May). Circling, dreaming, aging. Psychological Perspectives, 56, 137–148.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332925.2013.786642
Schut, A. J., & Castonguay, L. G. (2001). Reviving Freud's vision of a psychoanalytic science:
Implications for clinical training and education. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research,
Practice, Training, 38(1), 40-49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.38.1.40
Summers, F. (2006). Freud's relevance for contemporary psychoanalytic technique.
Psychoanalytic Psychology, 23(2), 327–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0736-
9735.23.2.327