Web Applications Development

Web Application Development
Introduction to application
servers, web applications and
portlets
Riccardo Rotondo
Tutorial on Science Gateways, Roma, 04.06.2013

Outline

 Scenario

 Use Case
 Portlet Develop
 Hostname porltlet

 Catania Grid Engine API

Riccardo Rotondo

Scenario

JSR 168/268
JSR 168/268

JSR 168/268

JSR 168/268

Catania Science Gateway Framework

GRID

CLOUD

Local

Riccardo Rotondo
Tutorial on
Cluster Science Gateways, Roma, 04.06.2013

Web enviroment

 Application Server (Glassfish)
 Web application working as Portlet Container
JSR 168/268
JSR 168/268
(Liferay)
JSR 168/268
JSR 168/268
 Portlet (a custom application designed under
users needs)

Riccardo Rotondo

What is an application server?

 A software framework designed to host
applications running in a web environment
 Most of them contains a service layer model
 A set of API is available for the developers to
access the application server’s functionalities
 As long as the management of the
environment is demanded to the application
server, developers can focus on the business
logic.
Riccardo Rotondo

Most popular application servers

http://plumbr.eu/blog/most-popular-application-servers
Riccardo Rotondo

What is a web application?






An application accessed over a network
Analogy with “common” applications
User interact with them through a web-browser
A web applications can offer thousands of
services: Liferay is a web-application

Riccardo Rotondo

Liferay (www.liferay.com)
 Highly-configurable, scalable, open source
portal framework;
 Compatible with JSR 168/286 standards
and based on modern web 2.0
technologies;
 Liferay services currently used:
 Portal;
 CMS & WCM;
 Collaboration and “social” software

Riccardo Rotondo

Liferay Plugins






Portlets
Themes
Layouts
Hooks
Exts

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What is Porltet ?
 Defined in the Java Specification Request (JSR
168/286)
 A porlet is a web component able to set a
frame portion of a web page.
 Differently from Servlet it needs a Porltlet
Container to allow the user to interact with it.
 Standard Portlet can be deployed in any Porlet
Container in case they will use standard libray.

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Generic Porlets Life Cycle

YES

NO
End of
Services?

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Generic Porltlets Interface Method
Class GenericPortlets {
init (PortletConfig);
processAction (ActionRequest,
ActionResponse);
render (RenderRequest, RenderResponse);
destroy();
doView (Request, Response);
doEdit (Reuqest, Response);
doHelp (Request, Response);
}

Riccardo Rotondo

Portlet Mode
 A porltet works in three
different states.
 View Mode: generate a
markup ( a portion of a
web page);
 Edit Mode: allow portlet
customisation and
setting preferences.
 Help Mode: explains
portlet functionalities.
Riccardo Rotondo

Action Request
Action
Request

view.jsp

processAction()

Action
Request

edit.jsp

Render
Request

doView()

edit.jsp

doEdit()

view.jsp

Render
Request

processAction()

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Render Request

Render
Request

view.jsp

doView()

view2.jsp

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Portlets
 Standard JSR168/286
 Interaction between jsp pages and java code
Application Server (Glassfish)

JSP page
<jsp:useBean
<form … >

Java code
Class <you portlet>
Extends
GenericPortlet …

<input … />
</form>

 JSP uses <form… statements to send parameters to Java code
 Java code extends class GenericPortlet overriding methods:




Init, doView, doHelp, doEdit, processAction

Java code uses 2 Classes to exchange data from/to JSPs
Riccardo Rotondo

Portlet files (root)
build.xml

Used by ‘ant’ to compile and
deploy the portlet

docroot/
WEB_INF/
css/
images/
js/

jsp_page_1.jsp
…
jsp_page_n.jsp

Define here JSP’s styles
JSP image files
JavaScript files

Portlet JSP pages

Riccardo Rotondo

Portlet files (docroot)
WEB_INF/
Used to define database and other
glassfish-web.xml
resources settings
web.xml
lib/
Jar Library directory (local scope)
Job/
Job files (Custom dir)
liferay-display.xml
liferay-plugin-package.properties
Portlet
liferay-portlet.xml
configuration files
portlet.xml
src/
Java source files

<package_name>/code.java

tld/

XML structure file
Riccardo Rotondo

Riccardo Rotondo

Building environment

 Get Liferay with Glassfish
 Customising Liferay installation (database
connection)
 Get Liferay plug-in SDK
 Configuring Netbeans (optional)

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Deploying first portlet





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

Understanding ant scripts
Creating “hello world” portlet
Understanding portlet files
Compiling porltet
Deploying porlet
Understading portlet management on the
server

Riccardo Rotondo

References
 Liferay: https://www.liferay.com
 Liferay Bundles:
https://www.liferay.com/downloads/liferayportal/available-releases
 Liferay Plugin SDK:
https://www.liferay.com/downloads/liferayportal/additional-files
 Netbeans: https://netbeans.org
 Netbeans liferay plugin:
https://contrib.netbeans.org/portalpack/
Riccardo Rotondo

Questions ?

Riccardo Rotondo

Web Applications Development

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