This document is the 2008 edition of The Little Green Data Book published by the World Bank. It contains regional and country level data on environmental and development indicators with a focus on climate change. The introduction discusses how climate change can negatively impact agriculture, health, and infrastructure globally, with developing countries expected to be hardest hit. Data shows agricultural productivity may decline over 15% by 2080 due to climate change. Rising sea levels threaten coastal areas in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East the most. Countries most vulnerable to extreme weather include Ethiopia, Bangladesh, and small island nations. Developing country emissions are growing faster than high-income nations, though per capita emissions remain much higher in high-income countries.

1. 2008 THELITTLEGREEN
DATABOOK
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2. Copyright ©2008 by the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433
U.S.A.
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing May 2008
ISBN: 978-0-8213-7399-6
E-ISBN: 978-0-8213-7427-6
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7399-6
The Little Green Data Book 2008 is a product of the
Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency
and the Environment Department of the World Bank.
Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated,
Washington, DC. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K.
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3. iiiThe Little Green Data Book 2008
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Focus: climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Regional tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
East Asia and Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Low and middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Contents
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4. iv 2008 The Little Green Data Book
The Little Green Data Book 2008 is based on World Development Indicators
2008 and its accompanying CD-ROM. Defining, gathering, and disseminating
international statistics is a collective effort of many people and organizations.
The indicators presented in World Development Indicators are the fruit of
decades of work at many levels, from the field workers who administer
censuses and household surveys to the committees and working parties
of the national and international statistical agencies that develop the
nomenclature, classifications, and standards fundamental to the international
statistical system. Nongovernmental organizations have also made important
contributions. We are indebted to the World Development Indicators partners,
as detailed in World Development Indicators 2008. The financial assistance
of the Government of Sweden is also gratefully acknowledged.
The Little Green Data Book 2008 is the result of close collaboration between
the staff of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics
Vice Presidency and the Environment Department. Mehdi Akhlaghi, Richard
Fix, Kirk Hamilton, Saeed Ordoubadi, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, Giovanni Ruta,
Alexandra Sears, and Jana Stoever contributed to its preparation. Meta de
Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications
Development provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs
oversaw publication and distribution of the book.
Acknowledgments
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5. vThe Little Green Data Book 2008
Foreword
Welcome to The Little Green Data Book 2008. As in the 2007 edition, this
year’s edition includes a Focus section, four introductory pages that focus on a
specific issue related to development and the environment. This year the focus
is on the damage from climate change and carbon dioxide emissions.
Climatechangecontinuestodominatepublicdiscourseabouttheenvironment.
Following on the strong interest stirred by the Stern Review on the Economics
of Climate Change in 2006, the Fourth Assessment Report of the Inter-
Governmental Panel on Climate Change has codified the firm scientific
consensus on the extent of human-induced climate change. Another important
milestone was the December 2007 United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change conference in Bali, which culminated in the adoption of the
Bali Roadmap, establishing four pillars—mitigation, adaptation, technology,
and finance—for negotiating a post-2012 climate pact.
As this Focus shows, global warming can have negative effects on agriculture,
health, infrastructure, and other economic activities­—effects that are likely
to hit developing countries the hardest. While high-income countries emit
more carbon dioxide than developing countries, emissions from developing
countries are growing at a faster pace. And emissions per capita in high-
income countries are still five times higher than in developing countries.
The Little Green Data Book 2008 is a collaboration between the Development
Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the
Environment Department of the World Bank. We welcome your suggestions
for how to improve future editions and make them more useful.
Shaida Badiee James Warren Evans
Director Director
Development Data Group Environment Department
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6. vi 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Focus: climate change
Climate change effects on agricultural productivity
Global warming is predicted to reduce worldwide agricultural productivity more
than 15 percent by the 2080s. The effect will be more severe for developing
countries than for developed countries, partly for geographic reasons. The
predicted effect becomes positive for developed countries when carbon
fertilization effects are taken into account.
Change in agricultural productivity (%)
Source: Cline 2007.
Climate change effects on health
The largest health impacts of climate change are on malnutrition and are
linked to declining agricultural yields. While the effects are felt in South East
Asia through malnutrition and diarrhea, the impact on Africa is expected to
be dominated by increased incidence of malaria.
Estimated disability-adjusted life years
attributable to climate change, 2000 (millions)
Note: Regions are World Health Organization Regions. Climate change for 2000 is
estimated by interpolating between baseline (1961–90) climate variables and projected
climate variables, assuming climate sabilization at 750 parts per million of carbon
dioxide in 2000.
Source: McMichael and others 2004.
–20
–10
0
10
Developed countriesDeveloping countriesWorld
Without carbon fertilization With carbon fertilization
0
1
2
3
FloodsMalariaDiarrheaMalnutrition
Other
Western Pacific, low child, low adult mortality
Africa, high child, high adult mortality
Eastern Mediterranean, high child, high adult mortality
Africa, high child, very high adult mortality
Southeast Asia, high child, high adult mortality
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7. viiThe Little Green Data Book 2008
Climate change effects due to rise in sea level
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts a 1 meter rise
in sea level over the next hundred years linked to climate change (barring
catastrophic events, such as the melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet).
The effects are most severe in the Middle East and North Africa and East
Asia and Pacific for virtually all dimensions measured.
Vulnerability to 1 meter rise in sea level (%)
Note: Assumes no adaptation. Vulnerability is measured by the weather damage index
developed by Buys and others (2007).
Source: Dasgupta and others 2007.
Climate change effects due to extreme weather events
Weather variability is likely to increase. The five countries most vulnerable to
extreme weather events in each region are shown. Ethiopia and Bangladesh
stand out as the countries most vulnerable to extreme weather events.
Weather damage index (0–???)
Source: Buys and others 2007.
0
1
2
3
4
Sub-Saharan
Africa
South
Asia
Middle East
& North
Africa
Latin
America &
Caribbean
East Asia &
Pacific
World
Area
Population
GDP
Urbanextent
Agriculturalextent
Wetlands
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Botswana
Djibouti
Sudan
M
ozam
bique
Ethiopia
M
aldives
Pakistan
SriLanka
India
Bangladesh
Syria
Yem
en,Rep.
Tunisia
Jordan
Iran
Nicaragua
Haiti
Belize
Antigua
and
Barbuda
Honduras
Philippines
Solom
on
Islands
Lao
PDR
Sam
oa
Tonga
East Asia
& Pacific
Latin America
& Caribbean
Middle East &
North Africa
South
Asia
Sub-Saharan
Africa
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8. viii 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Focus: climate change
Projected trends in energy emissions
While high-income economies today produce nearly half of world carbon
dioxide emissions from energy, developing economies are projected to
increase their share at a faster rate.
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, by income group (billions of tons)
Source: IEA 2007.
World distribution of per capita emissions
Per capita emissions of greenhouse gases (including land use change)
differ widely across countries and regions. High-income economies have
the highest levels of emissions, but when land use change is taken into
account Indonesia, the Russian Federation, and Brazil also have significant
emissions per capita.
Per capita emissions, by country and region, 2000 (tons)
Source: WRI 2008.
0
10
20
30
20302015
Developing economies
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development economies
Transition economies
2005
0
10
20
30
6 billion4 billion2 billion
UnitedStates
Otherhigh-income
Indonesia
RussianFederation
Brazil
OtherLatinAmerica
&Caribbean
OtherEurope
&CentralAsia
OtherEast
Asia&Pacific
Sub-Saharan
Africa
MiddleEast
&NorthAfrica
Other
SouthAsia
China
India
Population
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9. ixThe Little Green Data Book 2008
Emissions by source, high-income and transition economies
Nearly all greenhouse gas emissions from high-income and transition
economies (those listed in Annex I of the Kyoto Protocol) are linked to energy
use (86.6 percent), including power generation, transport, and building
heating and cooling.
Share of emissions, 2000 (Annex I)
Source: WRI 2008.
Emissions by source, low-income economies
In developing economies greenhouse gas emissions stem mostly from
land use change, forestry, and agriculture (51.2 percent). Energy-related
emissions come next (42.5 percent). Better management of land and
forests in developing economies can offer both mitigation and development
benefits.
Share of emissions, 2000 (non–Annex I)
Source: WRI 2008.
Industrial processes 3.7%
Agriculture 8.7%
Land use change
and forestry –1.6%
Waste 2.8%
Energy
86.6%
Waste 3.1%
Industrial processes 3.2%
Energy
42.5%
Land use
change and
forestry
35.5%
Agriculture
15.7%
Note: Annex I countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol are committed to binding
emissions targets to reduce greenhouse gases. Non–Annex I countries are developing
countries, which have no specific greenhouse gas emissions obligations.
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10. x 2008 The Little Green Data Book
The data in this book are for the most recent year available; for details, see
the Glossary. Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income
economies only. Aggregates for regions and income groups are shown only
if data are available for 66 percent of the economies in that group.
Symbols used:
0 or 0.0 indicates zero or small enough that the number rounds to zero
at the displayed number of decimal places
.. indicates that data are not available
$ indicates current U.S. dollars
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for
smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The word country
(used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence
or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which
the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
The selection of indicators in these pages includes some that are being used
to monitor progress toward the Millennium Development Goals. For more
information about the eight goals—halving poverty and increasing well-being
by 2015—please visit our Web site www.developmentgoals.org or see the
other books in the World Development Indicators 2008 series.
Data notes
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11. 1The Little Green Data Book 2008
The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical
regions and may differ from common geographic usage.
East Asia and Pacific
American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic
Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall
Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Northern
Mariana Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon
Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam.
Europe and Central Asia
Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania,
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland,
Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
Latin America and the Caribbean
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,
Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala,
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay,
Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines,
Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
Middle East and North Africa
Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq,
Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia,
West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen.
South Asia
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan,
Sri Lanka.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the
Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,
Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and
Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,
Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Regional tables
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12. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
2 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions)6,538 Land area (1,000 sq. km)129,645 GDP ($ billions)48,461.9
7,448
49.1
2.2
1.4
38
18.1
1,166
498
30.5
0.2
11.6
5.0
1,796
9.7
2,678
66.4
16.0
0.51
4.31
27.7
53
118
6,778
9.1
70
83
72
94
57
38
79
73
21.8
12.4
4.4
4.1
0.5
0.0
0.4
0.4
8.3
World
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13. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
3The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 1,899 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15,871 GDP ($ billions)3,616.7
1,856
42.4
3.5
1.1
51
..
..
547
28.4
0.1
12.1
3.3
1,182
15.5
1,492
81.9
15.6
0.90
3.27
97.7
73
14
5,022
11.1
74
79
70
92
51
36
72
29
47.2
10.3
2.1
7.1
0.9
0.0
1.2
1.3
28.5
East Asia Pacific
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14. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
4 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 461 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,248 GDP ($ billions)2,499.4
4,815
63.8
0.2
0.1
28
10.9
400
129
38.3
–0.0
7.0
3.3
2,826
2.2
3,633
66.1
17.5
0.81
7.06
–30.2
29
152
11,473
7.5
59
92
80
99
85
70
93
26
22.6
10.3
4.1
18.4
1.1
0.0
1.1
0.5
–4.9
Europe Central Asia
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15. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
5The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 556 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20,156 GDP ($ billions)2,964.2
4,785
77.7
2.1
1.5
36
12.5
1,003
241
45.4
0.5
19.7
7.0
1,198
14.8
1,715
37.0
57.6
0.31
2.55
29.6
37
115
24,471
2.0
71
91
73
96
77
49
86
26
22.4
12.1
4.4
9.1
3.0
0.0
0.4
0.4
1.8
Latin America Caribbean
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16. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
6 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 311 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,953 GDP ($ billions) 734.4
2,507
57.5
2.6
2.0
22
33.8
1,050
672
2.4
–0.4
3.4
4.7
1,270
1.1
1,358
92.5
7.4
0.67
3.86
101.1
77
34
757
105.0
89
89
81
96
76
58
92
42
..
10.9
4.6
40.0
0.3
0.1
1.1
0.6
..
Middle East North Africa
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17. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
7The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 1,499 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4,781 GDP ($ billions)1,146.7
768
28.8
2.7
1.8
55
39.2
1,391
619
16.8
–0.1
6.0
4.6
453
31.5
432
79.9
16.7
0.54
1.05
97.0
81
8
1,230
51.8
90
84
81
94
37
27
63
83
32.1
8.9
3.5
4.5
0.9
0.5
1.1
0.8
18.8
South Asia
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18. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
8 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 782 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23,606 GDP ($ billions) 712.7
829
35.8
4.1
2.6
44
3.5
..
351
26.5
0.7
11.3
2.7
681
56.3
542
76.1
20.1
0.57
0.92
46.3
60
..
5,093
3.1
87
56
42
80
37
28
53
157
19.4
10.7
3.8
18.7
2.3
0.4
0.6
0.4
–10.0
Sub-Saharan Africa
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19. 9The Little Green Data Book 2008
For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion
for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every
economy in The Little Green Data Book is classified as low income, middle
income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes
referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it
is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing
similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or
final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily
reflect development status.
Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $905 or less
in 2006.
Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than
$905 but less than $11,116. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income
economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,595.
High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,116 or
more.
Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary
Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency:
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain.
Income group tables
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20. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
10 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 2,420 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28,147 GDP ($ billions)1,618.7
649
30.4
3.1
2.0
45
24.0
..
544
23.9
0.6
9.9
3.8
486
41.7
391
72.4
24.8
0.53
0.90
55.7
74
8
3,077
18.9
89
75
69
88
38
28
60
112
30.5
9.0
3.4
9.4
1.3
0.6
1.0
0.7
11.9
Low income
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21. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
11The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 3,088 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 68,468 GDP ($ billions)10,059.2
3,053
54.5
2.4
1.1
35
18.2
1,331
471
33.8
0.2
11.7
4.0
1,486
10.3
1,928
71.5
21.5
0.70
3.95
29.9
56
50
8,754
6.3
71
84
72
95
62
41
81
33
30.5
10.9
3.5
12.8
1.6
0.0
0.9
0.8
7.0
Middle income
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22. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
12 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 2,276 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27,977 GDP ($ billions)4,735.7
2,038
47.3
3.0
1.1
42
26.3
2,057
531
26.5
0.1
12.8
3.6
1,216
12.8
1,502
78.6
16.8
0.82
3.37
71.1
69
21
5,769
7.3
75
81
71
93
55
39
76
36
41.4
10.4
2.5
11.1
1.1
0.0
1.2
1.1
18.9
Lower middle income
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23. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
13The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 811 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40,492 GDP ($ billions)5,324.6
5,913
75.0
1.4
0.9
30
9.0
672
112
38.8
0.2
10.9
4.6
2,248
6.5
3,131
61.9
27.8
0.57
5.60
–7.7
33
140
17,199
4.0
54
93
78
98
81
60
89
26
22.3
11.4
4.4
14.4
2.0
0.0
0.7
0.4
–2.2
Upper middle income
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24. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
14 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 5,507 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 96,616 GDP ($ billions) 11,678.6
1,997
43.9
2.6
1.5
38
20.4
1,159
511
30.9
0.3
11.2
4.0
1,071
16.2
1,290
71.6
22.0
0.67
2.62
33.2
61
39
6,268
8.8
78
80
70
93
51
34
74
79
30.5
10.7
3.5
12.3
1.5
0.1
0.9
0.8
7.6
Low and middle income
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25. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
15The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 317 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,465 GDP ($ billions)10,636.4
34,307
73.5
0.6
0.4
47
16.8
1,904
180
37.2
–0.7
11.5
7.5
3,961
4.3
6,926
52.5
8.4
0.28
8.22
3.9
24
536
2,951
22.3
38
100
100
100
100
..
..
4
21.8
13.8
4.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.2
12.0
Euro area
Green08 0421.indd 15 4/22/08 11:36:26 AM

26. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
16 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 1,031 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33,029 GDP ($ billions)36,794.5
36,608
77.6
1.1
0.7
36
11.0
1,188
325
29.5
–0.1
13.0
6.0
5,498
3.2
9,760
62.5
11.5
0.41
13.23
22.4
27
467
9,579
10.2
42
99
98
100
100
..
100
7
19.9
13.0
4.7
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.3
9.3
High income
Green08 0421.indd 16 4/22/08 11:36:26 AM

27. 17The Little Green Data Book 2008
China
Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong,
China; Macao, China; and Taiwan, China.
Serbia
Data on population and gross national income per capita for Serbia exclude
Kosovo and Metohija.
Country tables
Green08 0421.indd 17 4/22/08 11:36:26 AM

28. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
18 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) .. Land area (1,000 sq. km) 652 GDP ($ billions) 8.4
.. 768 649
.. 28.8 30.4
.. 2.7 3.1
.. 1.8 2.0
58 55 45
33.8 39.2 24.0
.. 1,391 ..
.. 619 544
1.3 16.8 23.9
2.7 –0.1 0.6
0.3 6.0 9.9
578
33
4,000
2
3.6
.. 4.6 3.8
.. 453 486
.. 31.5 41.7
.. 432 391
.. 79.9 72.4
.. 16.7 24.8
0.04 0.54 0.53
.. 1.05 0.90
–73.5 97.0 55.7
44 81 74
.. 8 8
.. 1,230 3,077
42.3 51.8 18.9
98 90 89
.. 84 75
.. 81 69
.. 94 88
.. 37 38
.. 27 28
.. 63 60
19.0
20.0
257 83 112
.. 32.1 30.5
7.7 8.9 9.0
.. 3.5 3.4
.. 4.5 9.4
.. 0.9 1.3
0.9 0.5 0.6
0.1 1.1 1.0
0.9 0.8 0.7
.. 18.8 11.9
Afghanistan
Green08 0421.indd 18 4/22/08 11:36:26 AM

29. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
19The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 27 GDP ($ billions) 9.1
2,930 4,815 2,038
46.1 63.8 47.3
1.3 0.2 3.0
–0.2 0.1 1.1
41 28 42
50.5 10.9 26.3
995 400 2,057
298 129 531
29.0 38.3 26.5
–0.0 –0.0 0.1
2.7 7.0 12.8
376
45
3,031
0
0.2
7.2 3.3 3.6
762 2,826 1,216
9.6 2.2 12.8
1,167 3,633 1,502
1.3 66.1 78.6
98.7 17.5 16.8
0.2 0.8 0.8
1.2 7.1 3.4
–49.5 –30.2 71.1
50 29 69
61 152 21
8,530 11,473 5,769
6.4 7.5 7.3
62 59 75
96 92 81
94 80 71
99 99 93
91 85 55
84 70 39
99 93 76
1.4
7.3
17 26 36
16.7 22.6 41.4
10.5 10.3 10.4
2.8 4.1 2.5
2.0 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 1.1 1.2
0.2 0.5 1.1
6.5 –4.9 18.9
Albania
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30. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
20 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 33 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,382 GDP ($ billions) 114.7
3,030 2,507 2,038
63.9 57.5 47.3
3.0 2.6 3.0
1.7 2.0 1.1
17 22 42
6.9 33.8 26.3
144 1,050 2,057
162 672 531
1.0 2.4 26.5
–1.6 –0.4 0.1
5.0 3.4 12.8
472
71
3,164
3
3.0
5.7 4.7 3.6
1,058 1,270 1,216
0.2 1.1 12.8
899 1,358 1,502
98.4 92.5 78.6
1.6 7.4 16.8
1.0 0.7 0.8
6.0 3.9 3.4
151.8 101.1 71.1
71 77 69
58 34 21
341 757 5,769
54.2 105.0 7.3
65 89 75
85 89 81
80 81 71
88 96 93
92 76 55
82 58 39
99 92 76
9.0
19.8
38 42 36
.. .. 41.4
11.8 10.9 10.4
4.5 4.6 2.5
58.1 40.0 11.1
0.1 0.3 1.1
0.1 0.1 0.0
1.3 1.1 1.2
0.3 0.6 1.1
.. .. 18.9
Algeria
Green08 0421.indd 20 4/22/08 11:36:26 AM

31. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
21The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 60 Land area (sq. km) 200 GDP ($ billions) ..
.. 1,856 5,913
91.6 42.4 75.0
.. 3.5 1.4
.. 1.1 0.9
25 51 30
.. .. 9.0
.. .. 672
254 547 112
90.0 28.4 38.8
0.0 0.1 0.2
2.5 12.1 10.9
46
26
471
1
0.4
.. 3.3 4.6
.. 1,182 2,248
.. 15.5 6.5
.. 1,492 3,131
.. 81.9 61.9
.. 15.6 27.8
.. 0.9 0.6
5.1 3.3 5.6
.. 97.7 –7.7
.. 73 33
.. 14 140
.. 5,022 17,199
.. 11.1 4.0
.. 74 54
.. 79 93
.. 70 78
.. 92 98
.. 51 81
.. 36 60
.. 72 89
..
..
.. 29 26
.. 47.2 22.3
.. 10.3 11.4
.. 2.1 4.4
.. 7.1 14.4
.. 0.9 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 1.2 0.7
.. 1.3 0.4
.. 28.5 –2.2
American Samoa
Green08 0421.indd 21 4/22/08 11:36:27 AM

32. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
22 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 67 Land area (sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) ..
.. 36,608
90.3 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
55 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
622 325
34.0 29.5
0.0 –0.1
7.0 13.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
28 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
3 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Andorra
Green08 0421.indd 22 4/22/08 11:36:27 AM

33. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
23The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 17 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,247 GDP ($ billions) 45.2
1,970 829 2,038
54.0 35.8 47.3
5.2 4.1 3.0
2.8 2.6 1.1
46 44 42
2.2 3.5 26.3
23 .. 2,057
228 351 531
47.4 26.5 26.5
0.2 0.7 0.1
10.1 11.3 12.8
1,226
62
5,185
26
9.6
6.1 2.7 3.6
615 681 1,216
63.8 56.3 12.8
141 542 1,502
34.2 76.1 78.6
65.8 20.1 16.8
0.2 0.6 0.8
0.5 0.9 3.4
69.9 46.3 71.1
80 60 69
8 .. 21
9,195 5,093 5,769
0.2 3.1 7.3
60 87 75
53 56 81
40 42 71
75 80 93
31 37 55
16 28 39
56 53 76
8.0
28.4
260 157 36
42.2 19.4 41.4
12.2 10.7 10.4
3.0 3.8 2.5
68.8 18.7 11.1
0.0 2.3 1.1
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.2 0.6 1.2
1.6 0.4 1.1
–37.6 –10.0 18.9
Angola
Green08 0421.indd 23 4/22/08 11:36:27 AM

34. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
24 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 84 Land area (sq. km) 440 GDP ($ millions) 998
11,050 36,608
39.6 77.6
2.6 1.1
1.9 0.7
32 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
632 325
20.5 29.5
0.0 –0.1
0.0 13.0
186
22
1,158
4
0.5
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
0.4 0.4
5.1 13.2
37.8 22.4
12 27
.. 467
1,204 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
91 99
89 98
95 100
95 100
94 ..
98 100
..
..
11 7
.. 19.9
14.0 13.0
3.9 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
0.4 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Antigua and Barbuda
Green08 0421.indd 24 4/22/08 11:36:27 AM

35. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
25The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 39 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,737 GDP ($ billions) 214.2
5,150 4,785 5,913
90.3 77.7 75.0
1.4 2.1 1.4
1.1 1.5 0.9
47 36 30
4.7 12.5 9.0
490 1,003 672
13 241 112
12.1 45.4 38.8
0.4 0.5 0.2
6.4 19.7 10.9
1,413
152
9,372
42
18.5
6.6 7.0 4.6
1,644 1,198 2,248
3.5 14.8 6.5
2,418 1,715 3,131
59.8 37.0 61.9
32.4 57.6 27.8
0.4 0.3 0.6
3.7 2.5 5.6
29.1 29.6 –7.7
76 37 33
.. 115 140
7,123 24,471 17,199
10.6 2.0 4.0
74 71 54
96 91 93
80 73 78
98 96 98
91 77 81
83 49 60
92 86 89
..
..
16 26 26
27.1 22.4 22.3
12.0 12.1 11.4
4.0 4.4 4.4
12.8 9.1 14.4
1.0 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.4 0.7
1.6 0.4 0.4
3.2 1.8 –2.2
Argentina
Green08 0421.indd 25 4/22/08 11:36:27 AM

36. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
26 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 6.4
1,920 4,815 2,038
64.0 63.8 47.3
–1.4 0.2 3.0
–1.0 0.1 1.1
49 28 42
51.5 10.9 26.3
209 400 2,057
219 129 531
10.0 38.3 26.5
1.3 –0.0 0.1
10.6 7.0 12.8
380
35
3,553
1
0.3
4.9 3.3 3.6
848 2,826 1,216
0.0 2.2 12.8
1,503 3,633 1,502
28.9 66.1 78.6
28.1 17.5 16.8
0.3 0.8 0.8
1.2 7.1 3.4
–13.1 –30.2 71.1
68 29 69
.. 152 21
3,016 11,473 5,769
32.4 7.5 7.3
66 59 75
92 92 81
80 80 71
99 99 93
83 85 55
61 70 39
96 93 76
8.0
7.8
24 26 26
29.3 22.6 41.4
10.2 10.3 10.4
3.0 4.1 2.5
0.0 18.4 11.1
2.2 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 1.1 1.2
1.8 0.5 1.1
17.6 –4.9 18.9
Armenia
Green08 0421.indd 26 4/22/08 11:36:28 AM

37. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
27The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 101 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ billions) ..
.. 36,608
46.7 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
11 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
2,678 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
1.7 13.0
92
23
460
..
0.4
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
21.8 13.2
17.1 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Aruba
Green08 0421.indd 27 4/22/08 11:36:28 AM

38. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
28 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 21 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 7,682 GDP ($ billions) 780.5
35,860 36,608
88.4 77.6
1.4 1.1
1.2 0.7
58 36
4.8 11.0
448 1,188
5 325
21.3 29.5
0.2 –0.1
9.7 13.0
1,227
568
15,638
55
95.8
5.7 6.0
5,978 5,498
4.3 3.2
11,481 9,760
92.6 62.5
6.3 11.5
0.5 0.4
16.2 13.2
17.3 22.4
15 27
542 467
24,118 9,579
4.9 10.2
75 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
6 7
21.9 19.9
15.1 13.0
4.7 4.7
3.6 1.5
5.1 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3
0.1 0.3
2.4 9.3
Australia
Green08 0421.indd 28 4/22/08 11:36:28 AM

39. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
29The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 8.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 82 GDP ($ billions) 322.0
39,750 36,608
66.1 77.6
0.5 1.1
0.4 0.7
40 36
2.8 11.0
2,332 1,188
202 325
46.8 29.5
–0.2 –0.1
28.5 13.0
513
62
3,100
4
0.3
8.2 6.0
4,174 5,498
11.6 3.2
7,889 9,760
36.8 62.5
57.0 11.5
0.3 0.4
8.5 13.2
21.2 22.4
34 27
503 467
6,680 9,579
3.8 10.2
1 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
5 7
25.8 19.9
14.2 13.0
5.3 4.7
0.3 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.3 0.3
16.1 9.3
Austria
Green08 0421.indd 29 4/22/08 11:36:28 AM

40. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
30 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 8.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 83 GDP ($ billions) 19.9
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,840 4,815 2,038
51.6 63.8 47.3
0.8 0.2 3.0
1.1 0.1 1.1
58 28 42
69.3 10.9 26.3
174 400 2,057
221 129 531
11.3 38.3 26.5
0.0 –0.0 0.1
4.8 7.0 12.8
446
38
4,300
0
0.9
2.8 3.3 3.6
1,649 2,826 1,216
0.0 2.2 12.8
2,407 3,633 1,502
85.8 66.1 78.6
14.2 17.5 16.8
1.0 0.8 0.8
3.8 7.1 3.4
–41.7 –30.2 71.1
59 29 69
57 152 21
965 11,473 5,769
213.0 7.5 7.3
68 59 75
77 92 81
59 80 71
95 99 93
54 85 55
36 70 39
73 93 76
3.1
21.7
88 26 36
57.0 22.6 41.4
12.1 10.3 10.4
2.8 4.1 2.5
83.8 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.4 1.1 1.2
1.1 0.5 1.1
–39.7 –4.9 18.9
Azerbaijan
Green08 0421.indd 30 4/22/08 11:36:28 AM

41. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
31The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
90.6 77.6
2.1 1.1
1.6 0.7
1 36
8.3 11.0
.. 1,188
388 325
51.4 29.5
0.0 –0.1
2.1 13.0
347
37
1,111
5
4.3
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
6.3 13.2
3.0 22.4
37 27
290 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
97 99
86 98
98 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
14 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
3.8 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
0.5 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 327 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
Bahamas, The
Green08 0421.indd 31 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

42. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
32 2008 The Little Green Data Book
19,350 36,608
96.7 77.6
3.1 1.1
2.5 0.7
14 36
66.7 11.0
9,200 1,188
1,268 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
1.1 13.0
210
16
195
..
0.0
3.0 6.0
11,214 5,498
0.0 3.2
11,401 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.8 0.4
23.8 13.2
44.6 22.4
88 27
325 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
57 42
.. 99
.. 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
10 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
4.4 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
0.0 0.0
.. 0.3
0.6 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 739 Land area (sq. km) 710 GDP ($ billions) 16.0
Country
data
High-
income
group
Bahrain
Green08 0421.indd 32 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

43. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
33The Little Green Data Book 2008
450 768 649
25.5 28.8 30.4
3.6 2.7 3.1
2.0 1.8 2.0
69 55 45
56.1 39.2 24.0
2,210 1,391 ..
1,444 619 544
6.7 16.8 23.9
0.1 –0.1 0.6
0.5 6.0 9.9
735
89
5,000
12
1.6
6.8 4.6 3.8
158 453 486
34.3 31.5 41.7
136 432 391
94.3 79.9 72.4
5.7 16.7 24.8
0.2 0.5 0.5
0.2 1.1 0.9
141.8 97.0 55.7
140 81 74
.. 8 8
685 1,230 3,077
75.6 51.8 18.9
96 90 89
74 84 75
72 81 69
82 94 88
39 37 38
35 27 28
51 63 60
20.8
6.1
69 83 112
31.6 32.1 30.5
8.1 8.9 9.0
1.9 3.5 3.4
5.6 4.5 9.4
0.0 0.9 1.3
0.7 0.5 0.6
0.4 1.1 1.0
0.5 0.8 0.7
18.3 18.8 11.9
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 156 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 130 GDP ($ billions) 61.9
Bangladesh
Green08 0421.indd 33 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

44. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
34 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 293 Land area (sq. km) 430 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
53.3 77.6
1.6 1.1
0.5 0.7
44 36
29.4 11.0
885 1,188
863 325
4.7 29.5
0.0 –0.1
0.0 13.0
236
20
572
2
0.3
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
4.4 13.2
17.7 22.4
34 27
343 467
343 9,579
90.0 10.2
22 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
99 100
..
..
12 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
7.0 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
0.0 0.3
.. 9.3
Barbados
Green08 0421.indd 34 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

45. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
35The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,470 4,815 2,038
72.7 63.8 47.3
0.3 0.2 3.0
–0.3 0.2 1.1
43 28 42
2.0 10.9 26.3
2,253 400 2,057
50 129 531
38.0 38.3 26.5
–0.5 –0.0 0.1
6.3 7.0 12.8
297
17
2,100
..
0.0
3.1 3.3 3.6
2,720 2,826 1,216
4.8 2.2 12.8
3,209 3,633 1,502
99.8 66.1 78.6
0.1 17.5 16.8
0.8 0.8 0.8
6.6 7.1 3.4
–39.9 –30.2 71.1
7 29 69
181 152 21
3,805 11,473 5,769
7.5 7.5 7.3
30 59 75
100 92 81
100 80 71
100 99 93
84 85 55
61 70 39
93 93 76
..
..
13 26 36
26.4 22.6 41.4
11.2 10.3 10.4
5.7 4.1 2.5
2.1 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.6 1.1 1.2
.. 0.5 1.1
17.2 –4.9 18.9
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 9.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 207 GDP ($ billions) 36.9
Belarus
Green08 0421.indd 35 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

46. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
36 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 394.0
Country
data
High-
income
group
38,460 36,608
97.2 77.6
0.4 1.1
0.3 0.7
46 36
4.7 11.0
.. 1,188
35 325
22.1 29.5
0.1 –0.1
3.5 13.0
519
29
1,550
1
0.0
5.9 6.0
5,407 5,498
2.8 3.2
8,510 9,760
40.9 62.5
0.3 11.5
0.3 0.4
9.7 13.2
0.0 22.4
23 27
468 467
1,145 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
23.9 19.9
15.4 13.0
5.9 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.2 0.3
14.1 9.3
Belgium
Green08 0421.indd 36 4/22/08 11:36:29 AM

47. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
37The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,740 4,785 5,913
48.5 77.7 75.0
3.0 2.1 1.4
2.8 1.5 0.9
7 36 30
2.9 12.5 9.0
810 1,003 672
216 241 112
72.5 45.4 38.8
0.0 0.5 0.2
46.3 19.7 10.9
691
44
2,894
30
1.9
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.4 0.3 0.6
2.8 2.5 5.6
154.1 29.6 –7.7
17 37 33
121 115 140
54,832 24,471 17,199
0.9 2.0 4.0
20 71 54
91 91 93
82 73 78
100 96 98
47 77 81
25 49 60
71 86 89
6.7
11.0
16 26 26
19.1 22.4 22.3
12.5 12.1 11.4
5.2 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.4 0.7
0.0 0.4 0.4
11.2 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 298 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ billions) 1.2
Belize
Green08 0421.indd 37 4/22/08 11:36:30 AM

48. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
38 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 8.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 111 GDP ($ billions) 4.8
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
530 829 649
40.5 35.8 30.4
4.3 4.1 3.1
3.3 2.6 2.0
32 44 45
0.4 3.5 24.0
0 .. ..
185 351 544
21.3 26.5 23.9
2.3 0.7 0.6
23.9 11.3 9.9
644
34
2,500
14
0.2
4.0 2.7 3.8
304 681 486
64.7 56.3 41.7
69 542 391
99.1 76.1 72.4
0.9 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.3 0.9 0.9
233.8 46.3 55.7
41 60 74
13 .. 8
1,213 5,093 3,077
1.3 3.1 18.9
45 87 89
67 56 75
57 42 69
78 80 88
33 37 38
11 28 28
59 53 60
12.0
13.4
148 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
8.5 10.7 9.0
3.6 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.9 0.4 0.6
0.3 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Benin
Green08 0421.indd 38 4/22/08 11:36:30 AM

49. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
39The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (thousands) 64 Land area (sq. km) 50 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
100.0 77.6
0.3 1.1
0.3 0.7
20 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
0 325
20.0 29.5
0.0 –0.1
8.0 13.0
243
43
167
4
1.5
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
8.7 13.2
–6.8 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
3.3 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Bermuda
Green08 0421.indd 39 4/22/08 11:36:30 AM

50. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
40 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands)649 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 47 GDP ($ millions) 942
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,430 768 2,038
11.4 28.8 47.3
4.0 2.7 3.0
1.1 1.8 1.1
13 55 42
23.5 39.2 26.3
.. 1,391 2,057
356 619 531
68.0 16.8 26.5
–0.3 –0.1 0.1
25.6 6.0 12.8
717
41
5,468
7
1.1
.. 4.6 3.6
.. 453 1,216
.. 31.5 12.8
.. 432 1,502
.. 79.9 78.6
.. 16.7 16.8
0.2 0.5 0.8
0.7 1.1 3.4
222.9 97.0 71.1
27 81 69
12 8 21
149,134 1,230 5,769
0.4 51.8 7.3
94 90 75
62 84 81
60 81 71
86 94 93
70 37 55
70 27 39
65 63 76
..
..
70 83 36
39.4 32.1 41.4
9.8 8.9 10.4
3.8 3.5 2.5
0.0 4.5 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
2.8 0.5 0.0
0.4 1.1 1.2
0.2 0.8 1.1
30.0 18.8 18.9
Bhutan
Green08 0421.indd 40 4/22/08 11:36:30 AM

51. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
41The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,084 GDP ($ billions) 11.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,100 4,785 2,038
64.7 77.7 47.3
3.1 2.1 3.0
2.1 1.5 1.1
35 36 42
4.1 12.5 26.3
81 1,003 2,057
108 241 531
54.2 45.4 26.5
0.4 0.5 0.1
19.5 19.7 12.8
1,775
80
17,367
71
13.8
6.4 7.0 3.6
578 1,198 1,216
14.0 14.8 12.8
479 1,715 1,502
49.0 37.0 78.6
47.8 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
0.8 2.5 3.4
26.7 29.6 71.1
97 37 69
15 115 21
33,054 24,471 5,769
0.5 2.0 7.3
81 71 75
85 91 81
68 73 71
95 96 93
46 77 55
22 49 39
60 86 76
22.0
24.8
61 26 36
26.9 22.4 41.4
9.8 12.1 10.4
6.3 4.4 2.5
40.6 9.1 11.1
4.9 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.4 1.2
1.4 0.4 1.1
–24.2 1.8 18.9
Bolivia
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52. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
42 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 12.3
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
3,230 4,815 2,038
46.3 63.8 47.3
0.5 0.2 3.0
–0.6 0.1 1.1
42 28 42
0.3 10.9 26.3
597 400 2,057
213 129 531
42.7 38.3 26.5
0.1 –0.0 0.1
0.5 7.0 12.8
390
55
..
1
0.4
4.7 3.3 3.6
1,268 2,826 1,216
3.7 2.2 12.8
2,316 3,633 1,502
57.1 66.1 78.6
42.9 17.5 16.8
0.7 0.8 0.8
4.0 7.1 3.4
125.6 –30.2 71.1
19 29 69
.. 152 21
9,067 11,473 5,769
.. 7.5 7.3
.. 59 75
97 92 81
96 80 71
99 99 93
95 85 55
92 70 39
99 93 76
1.5
8.9
15 26 36
6.0 22.6 41.4
10.4 10.3 10.4
.. 4.1 2.5
0.3 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
1.3 1.1 1.2
0.1 0.5 1.1
.. –4.9 18.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina
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53. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
43The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 1.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 567 GDP ($ billions) 10.6
5,570 829 5,913
58.2 35.8 75.0
4.0 4.1 1.4
1.9 2.6 0.9
46 44 30
0.3 3.5 9.0
.. .. 672
207 351 112
21.1 26.5 38.8
0.9 0.7 0.2
30.9 11.3 10.9
739
18
2,151
0
1.5
11.6 2.7 4.6
1,032 681 2,248
24.1 56.3 6.5
1,406 542 3,131
100.0 76.1 61.9
0.0 20.1 27.8
0.2 0.6 0.6
2.4 0.9 5.6
98.1 46.3 –7.7
68 60 33
47 .. 140
1,307 5,093 17,199
8.1 3.1 4.0
41 87 54
95 56 93
90 42 78
100 80 98
42 37 81
25 28 60
57 53 89
38.5
6.5
124 157 26
55.8 19.4 22.3
12.5 10.7 11.4
8.6 3.8 4.4
0.3 18.7 14.4
7.0 2.3 2.0
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.3 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
44.2 –10.0 –2.2
Botswana
Green08 0421.indd 43 4/22/08 11:36:31 AM

54. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
44 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 189 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8,459 GDP ($ billions)1,067.5
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
4,710 4,785 5,913
84.7 77.7 75.0
2.2 2.1 1.4
1.5 1.5 0.9
31 36 30
4.4 12.5 9.0
1,366 1,003 672
50 241 112
56.5 45.4 38.8
0.6 0.5 0.2
18.1 19.7 10.9
2,290
343
56,215
382
100.0
7.6 7.0 4.6
1,122 1,198 2,248
26.5 14.8 6.5
2,008 1,715 3,131
10.1 37.0 61.9
83.7 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.8 2.5 5.6
58.2 29.6 –7.7
26 37 33
136 115 140
29,000 24,471 17,199
1.1 2.0 4.0
62 71 54
90 91 93
57 73 78
96 96 98
75 77 81
37 49 60
83 86 89
23.7
13.1
20 26 26
17.8 22.4 22.3
12.0 12.1 11.4
4.3 4.4 4.4
3.7 9.1 14.4
2.3 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
0.3 0.4 0.4
3.5 1.8 –2.2
Brazil
Green08 0421.indd 44 4/22/08 11:36:31 AM

55. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
45The Little Green Data Book 2008
26,930 36,608
73.9 77.6
3.2 1.1
2.5 0.7
5 36
5.6 11.0
.. 1,188
708 325
52.8 29.5
0.8 –0.1
61.5 13.0
567
50
6,000
99
0.1
6.7 6.0
7,065 5,498
0.7 3.2
7,498 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.5 0.4
24.1 13.2
51.3 22.4
46 27
397 467
22,738 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
9 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
2.8 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
0.3 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 382 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.3 GDP ($ billions) 11.6
Brunei Darussalam
Green08 0421.indd 45 4/22/08 11:36:31 AM

56. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
46 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 7.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 109 GDP ($ billions) 31.5
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
3,990 4,815 5,913
70.3 63.8 75.0
–0.4 0.2 1.4
–0.8 0.1 0.9
48 28 30
16.6 10.9 9.0
1,770 400 672
73 129 112
33.4 38.3 38.8
–0.6 –0.0 0.2
10.3 7.0 10.9
485
47
3,572
0
0.9
3.6 3.3 4.6
2,592 2,826 2,248
3.7 2.2 6.5
4,121 3,633 3,131
47.7 66.1 61.9
9.9 17.5 27.8
0.6 0.8 0.6
5.5 7.1 5.6
–43.5 –30.2 –7.7
60 29 33
314 152 140
2,713 11,473 17,199
50.0 7.5 4.0
19 59 54
99 92 93
97 80 78
100 99 98
99 85 81
96 70 60
100 93 89
..
..
14 26 26
15.5 22.6 22.3
11.9 10.3 11.4
4.2 4.1 4.4
0.9 18.4 14.4
2.0 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.2 1.1 0.7
1.6 0.5 0.4
2.1 –4.9 –2.2
Bulgaria
Green08 0421.indd 46 4/22/08 11:36:31 AM

57. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
47The Little Green Data Book 2008
440 829 649
18.7 35.8 30.4
4.9 4.1 3.1
3.0 2.6 2.0
40 44 45
0.5 3.5 24.0
126 .. ..
235 351 544
24.8 26.5 23.9
0.3 0.7 0.6
15.4 11.3 9.9
581
13
1,100
2
0.3
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.08 0.57 0.53
0.08 0.92 0.90
10.3 46.3 55.7
94 60 74
5 .. 8
897 5,093 3,077
6.4 3.1 18.9
86 87 89
61 56 75
54 42 69
94 80 88
13 37 38
6 28 28
42 53 60
9.0
20.0
204 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
8.1 10.7 9.0
4.5 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.9 0.4 0.6
0.1 0.6 1.0
1.4 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 274 GDP ($ billions) 6.2
Burkina Faso
Green08 0421.indd 47 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

58. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
48 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 8.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 26 GDP ($ millions) 903
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
100 829 649
10.3 35.8 30.4
5.3 4.1 3.1
2.3 2.6 2.0
91 44 45
1.5 3.5 24.0
35 .. ..
728 351 544
5.9 26.5 23.9
4.2 0.7 0.6
5.7 11.3 9.9
713
48
2,500
2
0.5
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.09 0.57 0.53
0.03 0.92 0.90
13.2 46.3 55.7
30 60 74
1 .. 8
1,285 5,093 3,077
2.9 3.1 18.9
77 87 89
79 56 75
77 42 69
92 80 88
36 37 38
35 28 28
47 53 60
13.0
..
181 157 112
2.0 19.4 30.5
6.4 10.7 9.0
5.1 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.8 2.3 1.3
10.5 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
–10.9 –10.0 11.9
Burundi
Green08 0421.indd 48 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

59. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
49The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 177 GDP ($ billions) 7.3
490 1,856 649
20.3 42.4 30.4
5.4 3.5 3.1
2.4 1.1 2.0
30 51 45
7.0 .. 24.0
0 .. ..
303 547 544
59.2 28.4 23.9
1.4 0.1 0.6
23.5 12.1 9.9
648
82
..
31
3.9
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
41.0 81.9 72.4
1.9 15.6 24.8
0.03 0.90 0.53
0.04 3.27 0.90
18.7 97.7 55.7
62 73 74
.. 14 8
8,642 5,022 3,077
3.4 11.1 18.9
98 74 89
41 79 75
35 70 69
64 92 88
17 51 38
8 36 28
53 72 60
20.0
18.9
82 29 112
18.1 47.2 30.5
8.7 10.3 9.0
1.8 2.1 3.4
0.0 7.1 9.4
0.0 0.9 1.3
0.3 0.0 0.6
0.1 1.2 1.0
0.4 1.3 0.7
10.5 28.5 11.9
Cambodia
Green08 0421.indd 49 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

60. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
50 2008 The Little Green Data Book
990 829 2,038
55.5 35.8 47.3
4.4 4.1 3.0
2.5 2.6 1.1
20 44 42
0.4 3.5 26.3
79 .. 2,057
136 351 531
45.6 26.5 26.5
1.0 0.7 0.1
8.0 11.3 12.8
1,258
157
8,260
355
13.3
5.1 2.7 3.6
392 681 1,216
78.6 56.3 12.8
196 542 1,502
5.6 76.1 78.6
94.4 20.1 16.8
0.1 0.6 0.8
0.2 0.9 3.4
139.0 46.3 71.1
65 60 69
11 .. 21
15,341 5,093 5,769
0.4 3.1 7.3
74 87 75
66 56 81
44 42 71
86 80 93
51 37 55
43 28 39
58 53 76
11.0
18.9
149 157 36
17.5 19.4 41.4
9.4 10.7 10.4
1.6 3.8 2.5
14.9 18.7 11.1
0.1 2.3 1.1
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.2 0.6 1.2
0.8 0.4 1.1
–6.2 –10.0 18.9
Population (millions) 18 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 465 GDP ($ billions) 18.3
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Cameroon
Green08 0421.indd 50 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

61. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
51The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 33 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,094 GDP ($ billions)1,271.6
Country
data
High-
income
group
36,650 36,608
80.2 77.6
1.3 1.1
1.0 0.7
7 36
1.5 11.0
613 1,188
14 325
34.1 29.5
0.0 –0.1
6.9 13.0
683
77
3,270
1
22.2
4.2 6.0
8,417 5,498
4.6 3.2
17,285 9,760
25.8 62.5
57.9 11.5
0.6 0.4
20.0 13.2
53.7 22.4
19 27
561 467
88,203 9,579
1.6 10.2
12 42
100 99
99 98
100 100
100 100
99 ..
100 100
..
..
6 7
23.7 19.9
14.6 13.0
5.2 4.7
7.4 1.5
1.1 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.1 0.3
5.4 9.3
Canada
Green08 0421.indd 51 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

62. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
52 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,130 829 2,038
58.0 35.8 47.3
4.1 4.1 3.0
2.4 2.5 1.1
18 44 42
6.1 3.5 26.3
.. .. 2,057
470 351 531
20.8 26.5 26.5
–2.5 0.7 0.1
0.2 11.3 12.8
186
25
774
2
3.2
.. 2.7 3.6
.. 681 1,216
.. 56.3 12.8
.. 542 1,502
.. 76.1 78.6
.. 20.1 16.8
0.2 0.6 0.8
0.6 0.9 3.4
212.5 46.3 71.1
.. 60 69
.. .. 21
592 5,093 5,769
7.3 3.1 7.3
91 87 75
80 56 81
73 42 71
86 80 93
43 37 55
19 28 39
61 53 76
..
..
34 157 36
28.8 19.4 41.4
10.8 10.7 10.4
6.1 3.8 2.5
0.0 18.7 11.1
0.0 2.3 1.1
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.1 0.6 1.2
.. 0.4 1.1
23.9 –10.0 18.9
Population (thousands) 519 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 4.0 GDP ($ billions) 1.1
Cape Verde
Green08 0421.indd 52 4/22/08 11:36:32 AM

63. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
53The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
100.0 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
12 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
0 325
46.2 29.5
0.0 –0.1
3.1 13.0
221
22
539
2
0.7
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
7.1 13.2
25.0 22.4
20 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 46 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ billions) ..
Cayman Islands
Green08 0421.indd 53 4/22/08 11:36:33 AM

64. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
54 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
350 829 649
38.2 35.8 30.4
2.4 4.1 3.1
2.2 2.6 2.0
8 44 45
0.1 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
135 351 544
36.5 26.5 23.9
0.1 0.7 0.6
16.6 11.3 9.9
850
17
3,602
15
1.7
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.09 0.57 0.53
0.06 0.92 0.90
27.8 46.3 55.7
49 60 74
1 .. 8
33,640 5,093 3,077
0.0 3.1 18.9
4 87 89
75 56 75
61 42 69
93 80 88
27 37 38
12 28 28
47 53 60
10.0
26.5
175 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
7.8 10.7 9.0
1.6 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.1 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 623 GDP ($ billions) 1.5
Central African Republic
Green08 0421.indd 54 4/22/08 11:36:33 AM

65. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
55The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
450 829 649
25.8 35.8 30.4
4.7 4.1 3.1
3.4 2.6 2.0
39 44 45
0.8 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
180 351 544
9.5 26.5 23.9
0.6 0.7 0.6
9.5 11.3 9.9
635
21
1,600
2
2.1
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.01 0.57 0.53
0.01 0.92 0.90
–12.8 46.3 55.7
123 60 74
.. .. 8
1,478 5,093 3,077
1.5 3.1 18.9
83 87 89
42 56 75
43 42 69
41 80 88
9 37 38
4 28 28
24 53 60
9.2
31.2
209 157 112
29.5 19.4 30.5
10.9 10.7 9.0
1.3 3.8 3.4
65.4 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.0 0.6 1.0
1.1 0.4 0.7
–46.6 –10.0 11.9
Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,259 GDP ($ billions) 6.5
Chad
Green08 0421.indd 55 4/22/08 11:36:33 AM

66. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
56 2008 The Little Green Data Book
.. 36,608
30.6 77.6
0.1 1.1
0.3 0.7
40 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
2,718 325
5.3 29.5
0.0 –0.1
.. 13.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 149 Land area (sq. km) 190 GDP ($ billions) ..
Channel Islands
Green08 0421.indd 56 4/22/08 11:36:33 AM

67. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
57The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 16 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 749 GDP ($ billions) 145.8
6,810 4,785 5,913
87.9 77.7 75.0
1.7 2.1 1.4
1.4 1.5 0.9
20 36 30
81.0 12.5 9.0
3,019 1,003 672
104 241 112
21.5 45.4 38.8
–0.4 0.5 0.2
3.6 19.7 10.9
604
95
5,284
39
16.2
6.7 7.0 4.6
1,815 1,198 2,248
15.5 14.8 6.5
3,074 1,715 3,131
50.1 37.0 61.9
48.1 57.6 27.8
0.3 0.3 0.6
3.9 2.5 5.6
75.1 29.6 –7.7
53 37 33
88 115 140
54,249 24,471 17,199
1.4 2.0 4.0
64 71 54
95 91 93
58 73 78
100 96 98
91 77 81
62 49 60
95 86 89
..
..
9 26 26
27.6 22.4 22.3
14.2 12.1 11.4
3.7 4.4 4.4
0.6 9.1 14.4
27.5 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
0.6 0.4 0.4
–12.1 1.8 –2.2
Chile
Green08 0421.indd 57 4/22/08 11:36:33 AM

68. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
58 2008 The Little Green Data Book
2,000 1,856 2,038
41.3 42.4 47.3
3.5 3.5 3.0
0.9 1.1 1.1
60 51 42
35.6 .. 26.3
3,410 .. 2,057
543 547 531
21.2 28.4 26.5
–1.5 0.1 0.1
11.8 12.1 12.8
1,801
351
32,200
446
64.8
3.1 3.3 3.6
1,316 1,182 1,216
13.0 15.5 12.8
1,781 1,492 1,502
81.9 81.9 78.6
15.9 15.6 16.8
1.0 0.9 0.8
3.9 3.3 3.4
108.7 97.7 71.1
75 73 69
15 14 21
2,156 5,022 5,769
22.4 11.1 7.3
68 74 75
77 79 81
67 70 71
93 92 93
44 51 55
28 36 39
69 72 76
..
..
24 29 36
53.8 47.2 41.4
10.2 10.3 10.4
1.8 2.1 2.5
5.8 7.1 11.1
0.7 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.3 1.2 1.2
1.5 1.3 1.1
36.1 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 1,312 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,327 GDP ($ billions)2,644.7
China
Green08 0421.indd 58 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

69. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
59The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,120 4,785 2,038
73.0 77.7 47.3
2.0 2.1 3.0
1.7 1.5 1.1
38 36 42
24.0 12.5 26.3
2,330 1,003 2,057
612 241 531
54.7 45.4 26.5
0.1 0.5 0.1
74.4 19.7 12.8
2,288
382
51,220
222
57.3
9.2 7.0 3.6
636 1,198 1,216
14.4 14.8 12.8
890 1,715 1,502
21.7 37.0 78.6
77.2 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
1.2 2.5 3.4
–7.7 29.6 71.1
23 37 69
35 115 21
46,990 24,471 5,769
0.5 2.0 7.3
46 71 75
93 91 81
71 73 71
99 96 93
86 77 55
54 49 39
96 86 76
9.6
13.9
21 26 36
20.9 22.4 41.4
11.4 12.1 10.4
5.0 4.4 2.5
9.7 9.1 11.1
1.7 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
2.5 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 46 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,110 GDP ($ billions) 153.4
Colombia
Green08 0421.indd 59 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

70. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
60 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
660 829 649
37.7 35.8 30.4
4.0 4.1 3.1
2.1 2.6 2.0
80 44 45
.. 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
473 351 544
2.7 26.5 23.9
5.7 0.7 0.6
21.7 11.3 9.9
153
23
721
5
2.2
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.1 0.6 0.5
0.1 0.9 0.9
33.3 46.3 55.7
36 60 74
.. .. 8
1,998 5,093 3,077
0.8 3.1 18.9
47 87 89
86 56 75
82 42 69
92 80 88
33 37 38
29 28 28
41 53 60
10.1
18.3
68 157 112
4.3 19.4 30.5
8.7 10.7 9.0
4.2 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.1 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
–0.6 –10.0 11.9
Population (thousands) 614 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.9 GDP ($ millions) 403
Comoros
Green08 0421.indd 60 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

71. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
61The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,267 GDP ($ billions) 8.5
130 829 649
32.7 35.8 30.4
3.9 4.1 3.1
2.9 2.6 2.0
10 44 45
0.1 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
595 351 544
58.9 26.5 23.9
0.3 0.7 0.6
8.6 11.3 9.9
1,578
126
11,007
65
17.0
0.9 2.7 3.8
289 681 486
92.5 56.3 41.7
91 542 391
0.3 76.1 72.4
99.7 20.1 24.8
0.1 0.6 0.5
0.04 0.92 0.90
–47.0 46.3 55.7
50 60 74
.. .. 8
15,322 5,093 3,077
0.0 3.1 18.9
31 87 89
46 56 75
29 42 69
82 80 88
30 37 38
25 28 28
42 53 60
11.0
22.7
205 157 112
9.3 19.4 30.5
6.8 10.7 9.0
0.9 3.8 3.4
4.8 18.7 9.4
4.2 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.6 0.4 0.7
–6.3 –10.0 11.9
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 61 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

72. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
62 2008 The Little Green Data Book
1,050 829 2,038
60.6 35.8 47.3
3.3 4.1 3.0
2.6 2.6 1.1
31 44 42
0.4 3.5 26.3
.. .. 2,057
290 351 531
65.8 26.5 26.5
0.1 0.7 0.1
18.0 11.3 12.8
763
37
6,000
35
3.4
9.8 2.7 3.6
332 681 1,216
56.3 56.3 12.8
160 542 1,502
0.3 76.1 78.6
99.7 20.1 16.8
0.3 0.6 0.8
1.0 0.9 3.4
201.9 46.3 71.1
91 60 69
8 .. 21
61,498 5,093 5,769
0.0 3.1 7.3
9 87 75
58 56 81
27 42 71
84 80 93
27 37 55
25 28 39
28 53 76
..
..
126 157 36
.. 19.4 41.4
.. 10.7 10.4
2.6 3.8 2.5
.. 18.7 11.1
.. 2.3 1.1
.. 0.4 0.0
.. 0.6 1.2
1.0 0.4 1.1
.. –10.0 18.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 342 GDP ($ billions) 7.4
Congo, Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 62 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

73. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
63The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 51 GDP ($ billions) 22.2
4,980 4,785 5,913
62.2 77.7 75.0
3.5 2.1 1.4
2.2 1.5 0.9
57 36 30
20.2 12.5 9.0
10,345 1,003 672
737 241 112
46.8 45.4 38.8
0.5 0.5 0.2
23.6 19.7 10.9
1,070
131
12,119
111
11.1
9.9 7.0 4.6
883 1,198 2,248
7.0 14.8 6.5
1,719 1,715 3,131
3.3 37.0 61.9
79.6 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.5 2.5 5.6
119.5 29.6 –7.7
37 37 33
146 115 140
25,975 24,471 17,199
2.4 2.0 4.0
53 71 54
97 91 93
92 73 78
100 96 98
92 77 81
97 49 60
89 86 89
..
..
12 26 26
19.4 22.4 22.3
6.2 12.1 11.4
4.0 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
0.3 0.4 0.4
16.5 1.8 –2.2
Costa Rica
Green08 0421.indd 63 4/22/08 11:36:34 AM

74. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
64 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 318 GDP ($ billions) 17.6
880 829 649
45.4 35.8 30.4
3.3 4.1 3.1
2.5 2.6 2.0
64 44 45
1.1 3.5 24.0
142 .. ..
292 351 544
32.7 26.5 23.9
–0.1 0.7 0.6
17.1 11.3 9.9
931
73
3,660
105
3.9
3.8 2.7 3.8
422 681 486
58.3 56.3 41.7
170 542 391
74.2 76.1 72.4
25.8 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.3 0.9 0.9
–4.2 46.3 55.7
48 60 74
7 .. 8
4,132 5,093 3,077
1.2 3.1 18.9
65 87 89
84 56 75
74 42 69
97 80 88
37 37 38
29 28 28
46 53 60
3.7
20.1
127 157 112
15.1 19.4 30.5
9.6 10.7 9.0
4.7 3.8 3.4
12.5 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.3 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
–3.0 –10.0 11.9
Côte d’Ivoire
Green08 0421.indd 64 4/22/08 11:36:35 AM

75. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
65The Little Green Data Book 2008
9,310 4,815 5,913
56.8 63.8 75.0
–0.1 0.2 1.4
–0.5 0.1 0.9
48 28 30
0.7 10.9 9.0
1,241 400 672
174 129 112
38.2 38.3 38.8
–0.1 –0.0 0.2
6.5 7.0 10.9
461
78
4,288
1
0.5
6.6 3.3 4.6
2,000 2,826 2,248
4.0 2.2 6.5
3,475 3,633 3,131
48.5 66.1 61.9
51.3 17.5 27.8
0.4 0.8 0.6
5.3 7.1 5.6
–4.5 –30.2 –7.7
31 29 33
312 152 140
8,485 11,473 17,199
.. 7.5 4.0
.. 59 54
100 92 93
100 80 78
100 99 98
100 85 81
100 70 60
100 93 89
..
11.3
6 26 26
24.7 22.6 22.3
12.9 10.3 11.4
4.5 4.1 4.4
2.1 18.4 14.4
0.0 1.1 2.0
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.4 1.1 0.7
0.5 0.5 0.4
13.0 –4.9 –2.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 56 GDP ($ billions) 42.9
Croatia
Green08 0421.indd 65 4/22/08 11:36:35 AM

76. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
66 2008 The Little Green Data Book
.. 4,785 2,038
75.4 77.7 47.3
0.5 2.1 3.0
0.4 1.5 1.1
60 36 42
19.5 12.5 26.3
191 1,003 2,057
75 241 531
24.7 45.4 26.5
–1.9 0.5 0.1
1.4 19.7 12.8
423
115
6,522
163
13.5
.. 7.0 3.6
906 1,198 1,216
20.3 14.8 12.8
1,152 1,715 1,502
97.5 37.0 78.6
0.6 57.6 16.8
.. 0.3 0.8
2.3 2.5 3.4
–19.5 29.6 71.1
17 37 69
.. 115 21
3,384 24,471 5,769
21.5 2.0 7.3
69 71 75
91 91 81
78 73 71
95 96 93
98 77 55
95 49 39
99 86 76
..
..
7 26 36
.. 22.4 41.4
.. 12.1 10.4
7.1 4.4 2.5
.. 9.1 11.1
.. 3.0 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
.. 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 110 GDP ($ billions) ..
Cuba
Green08 0421.indd 66 4/22/08 11:36:35 AM

77. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
67The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
High-
income
group
23,270 36,608
69.5 77.6
2.0 1.1
1.8 0.7
18 36
20.5 11.0
1,410 1,188
194 325
18.8 29.5
–0.5 –0.1
8.3 13.0
370
23
1,682
7
0.5
7.3 6.0
3,368 5,498
0.6 3.2
5,560 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.4 0.4
9.1 13.2
45.2 22.4
47 27
550 467
1,056 9,579
30.0 10.2
71 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
.. 19.9
13.9 13.0
5.8 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.9 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 771 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9.2 GDP ($ billions) 18.4
Cyprus
Green08 0421.indd 67 4/22/08 11:36:35 AM

78. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
68 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 77 GDP ($ billions) 143.0
Country
data
High-
income
group
12,790 36,608
73.5 77.6
–0.2 1.1
–0.1 0.7
55 36
0.7 11.0
1,525 1,188
89 325
34.3 29.5
0.0 –0.1
18.7 13.0
474
39
1,900
4
0.1
4.6 6.0
4,417 5,498
3.9 3.2
6,343 9,760
66.0 62.5
2.9 11.5
0.6 0.4
11.5 13.2
–27.7 22.4
22 27
363 467
1,290 9,579
19.5 10.2
2 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
98 100
97 ..
99 100
..
..
4 7
25.4 19.9
13.7 13.0
4.2 4.7
0.3 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.1 0.0
0.7 0.3
0.1 0.3
14.7 9.3
Czech Republic
Green08 0421.indd 68 4/22/08 11:36:35 AM

79. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
69The Little Green Data Book 2008
52,110 36,608
85.7 77.6
0.4 1.1
0.4 0.7
61 36
11.2 11.0
599 1,188
35 325
11.8 29.5
–0.8 –0.1
25.7 13.0
508
28
1,450
3
0.2
9.3 6.0
3,621 5,498
13.2 3.2
6,663 9,760
70.7 62.5
0.1 11.5
0.3 0.4
9.8 13.2
6.4 22.4
19 27
354 467
1,108 9,579
21.2 10.2
43 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
5 7
25.0 19.9
15.0 13.0
8.1 4.7
3.4 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.1 0.3
14.4 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 275.4
Denmark
Green08 0421.indd 69 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

80. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
70 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 819 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 23 GDP ($ millions) 769
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,060 2,507 2,038
86.5 57.5 47.3
3.2 2.6 3.0
2.4 2.0 1.1
73 22 42
.. 33.8 26.3
.. 1,050 2,057
11,178 672 531
0.3 2.4 26.5
0.0 –0.4 0.1
0.4 3.4 12.8
418
28
826
2
0.5
.. 4.7 3.6
.. 1,270 1,216
.. 1.1 12.8
.. 1,358 1,502
.. 92.5 78.6
.. 7.4 16.8
0.3 0.7 0.8
0.5 3.9 3.4
4.2 101.1 71.1
44 77 69
.. 34 21
373 757 5,769
6.3 105.0 7.3
16 89 75
73 89 81
59 81 71
76 96 93
82 76 55
50 58 39
88 92 76
..
..
130 42 36
18.6 .. 41.4
8.3 10.9 10.4
6.6 4.6 2.5
0.0 40.0 11.1
0.0 0.3 1.1
0.0 0.1 0.0
0.4 1.1 1.2
.. 0.6 1.1
16.6 .. 18.9
Djibouti
Green08 0421.indd 70 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

81. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
71The Little Green Data Book 2008
4,160 4,785 5,913
73.2 77.7 75.0
0.5 2.1 1.4
0.0 1.5 0.9
31 36 30
.. 12.5 9.0
.. 1,003 672
390 241 112
61.3 45.4 38.8
0.6 0.5 0.2
26.5 19.7 10.9
180
27
1,228
11
1.1
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.5 2.5 5.6
81.3 29.6 –7.7
29 37 33
.. 115 140
.. 24,471 17,199
.. 2.0 4.0
.. 71 54
97 91 93
90 73 78
100 96 98
84 77 81
75 49 60
86 86 89
..
..
15 26 26
.. 22.4 22.3
.. 12.1 11.4
5.0 4.4 4.4
.. 9.1 14.4
.. 3.0 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 0.4 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
.. 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 72 Land area (sq. km) 750 GDP ($ millions) 319
Dominica
Green08 0421.indd 71 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

82. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
72 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 9.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 31.8
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,910 4,785 2,038
67.5 77.7 47.3
3.0 2.1 3.0
1.7 1.5 1.1
71 36 42
20.8 12.5 26.3
.. 1,003 2,057
383 241 531
28.4 45.4 26.5
0.0 0.5 0.1
24.6 19.7 12.8
260
81
5,657
30
6.8
6.7 7.0 3.6
777 1,198 1,216
18.6 14.8 12.8
1,000 1,715 1,502
84.8 37.0 78.6
14.7 57.6 16.8
0.4 0.3 0.8
2.1 2.5 3.4
105.2 29.6 71.1
23 37 69
78 115 21
2,218 24,471 5,769
16.1 2.0 7.3
66 71 75
95 91 81
91 73 71
97 96 93
78 77 55
73 49 39
81 86 76
20.0
20.1
29 26 36
20.7 22.4 41.4
11.6 12.1 10.4
1.9 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
3.4 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
6.9 1.8 18.9
Dominican Republic
Green08 0421.indd 72 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

83. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
73The Little Green Data Book 2008
2,910 4,785 2,038
63.3 77.7 47.3
2.4 2.1 3.0
1.6 1.5 1.1
27 36 42
29.4 12.5 26.3
1,450 1,003 2,057
360 241 531
39.2 45.4 26.5
1.6 0.5 0.1
24.3 19.7 12.8
1,856
340
19,362
1,838
30.0
8.4 7.0 3.6
799 1,198 1,216
5.1 14.8 12.8
714 1,715 1,502
48.6 37.0 78.6
51.4 57.6 16.8
0.4 0.3 0.8
2.3 2.5 3.4
74.9 29.6 71.1
26 37 69
32 115 21
33,076 24,471 5,769
3.9 2.0 7.3
82 71 75
94 91 81
89 73 71
97 96 93
89 77 55
82 49 39
94 86 76
57.2
19.9
24 26 36
28.1 22.4 41.4
11.4 12.1 10.4
1.4 4.4 2.5
28.8 9.1 11.1
0.4 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
–11.8 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 277 GDP ($ billions) 41.4
Ecuador
Green08 0421.indd 73 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

84. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
74 2008 The Little Green Data Book
1,360 2,507 2,038
43.0 57.5 47.3
1.8 2.6 3.0
1.9 2.0 1.1
4 22 42
100.0 33.8 26.3
7,331 1,050 2,057
1,389 672 531
0.1 2.4 26.5
–2.8 –0.4 0.1
5.6 3.4 12.8
599
59
2,076
2
3.2
5.4 4.7 3.6
841 1,270 1,216
2.3 1.1 12.8
1,245 1,358 1,502
87.9 92.5 78.6
11.6 7.4 16.8
0.5 0.7 0.8
2.2 3.9 3.4
109.6 101.1 71.1
128 77 69
27 34 21
25 757 5,769
3,794.4 105.0 7.3
86 89 75
98 89 81
97 81 71
99 96 93
70 76 55
58 58 39
86 92 76
9.0
18.4
35 42 36
22.1 .. 41.4
9.8 10.9 10.4
4.4 4.6 2.5
24.4 40.0 11.1
0.2 0.3 1.1
0.2 0.1 0.0
1.1 1.1 1.2
1.0 0.6 1.1
–10.2 .. 18.9
Population (millions) 74 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 995 GDP ($ billions) 107.5
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 74 4/22/08 11:36:36 AM

85. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
75The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 6.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 21 GDP ($ billions) 18.7
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,680 4,785 2,038
60.1 77.7 47.3
3.0 2.1 3.0
1.8 1.5 1.1
82 36 42
4.9 12.5 26.3
1,091 1,003 2,057
406 241 531
14.4 45.4 26.5
1.5 0.5 0.1
1.9 19.7 12.8
571
29
2,911
26
0.8
7.8 7.0 3.6
694 1,198 1,216
32.4 14.8 12.8
666 1,715 1,502
42.6 37.0 78.6
35.0 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
0.9 2.5 3.4
135.6 29.6 71.1
35 37 69
.. 115 21
2,669 24,471 5,769
7.2 2.0 7.3
59 71 75
84 91 81
70 73 71
94 96 93
62 77 55
39 49 39
77 86 76
42.0
19.8
25 26 36
11.9 22.4 41.4
11.0 12.1 10.4
2.8 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
0.0 3.0 1.1
0.5 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 1.2
0.3 0.4 1.1
2.7 1.8 18.9
El Salvador
Green08 0421.indd 75 4/22/08 11:36:37 AM

86. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
76 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
8,510 829 5,913
39.1 35.8 75.0
3.1 4.1 1.4
2.4 2.6 0.9
12 44 30
.. 3.5 9.0
.. .. 672
228 351 112
58.2 26.5 38.8
0.9 0.7 0.2
16.2 11.3 10.9
571
42
3,250
63
1.7
.. 2.7 4.6
.. 681 2,248
.. 56.3 6.5
.. 542 3,131
.. 76.1 61.9
.. 20.1 27.8
0.4 0.6 0.6
11.5 0.9 5.6
4,525.0 46.3 –7.7
8 60 33
.. .. 140
53,708 5,093 17,199
0.4 3.1 4.0
1 87 54
43 56 93
42 42 78
45 80 98
53 37 81
46 28 60
60 53 89
..
..
206 157 26
75.4 19.4 22.3
21.7 10.7 11.4
1.5 3.8 4.4
142.6 18.7 14.4
0.0 2.3 2.0
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.0 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
–87.5 –10.0 –2.2
Population (thousands) 496 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 8.6
Equatorial Guinea
Green08 0421.indd 76 4/22/08 11:36:37 AM

87. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
77The Little Green Data Book 2008
190 829 649
19.8 35.8 30.4
3.9 4.1 3.1
2.5 2.6 2.0
75 44 45
3.5 3.5 24.0
22 .. ..
573 351 544
15.4 26.5 23.9
0.3 0.7 0.6
5.0 11.3 9.9
607
38
..
3
0.9
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
.. 46.3 55.7
61 60 74
.. .. 8
619 5,093 3,077
10.7 3.1 18.9
97 87 89
60 56 75
57 42 69
74 80 88
9 37 38
3 28 28
32 53 60
19.0
23.6
74 157 112
8.7 19.4 30.5
7.2 10.7 9.0
4.0 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
1.1 0.4 0.6
0.4 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
3.5 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 101 GDP ($ billions) 1.1
Eritrea
Green08 0421.indd 77 4/22/08 11:36:37 AM

88. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
78 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 42 GDP ($ billions) 16.4
Country
data
High-
income
group
11,400 36,608
69.1 77.6
–1.2 1.1
–1.0 0.7
20 36
0.7 11.0
4,867 1,188
70 325
53.9 29.5
–0.4 –0.1
21.1 13.0
334
14
1,630
0
0.0
4.3 6.0
3,786 5,498
12.1 3.2
5,567 9,760
98.9 62.5
0.2 11.5
0.9 0.4
14.0 13.2
–33.2 22.4
14 27
367 467
9,435 9,579
1.2 10.2
5 42
100 99
99 98
100 100
97 100
96 ..
97 100
..
..
7 7
25.7 19.9
12.9 13.0
5.1 4.7
37.6 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
1.1 0.3
0.0 0.3
–20.9 9.3
Estonia
Green08 0421.indd 78 4/22/08 11:36:37 AM

89. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
79The Little Green Data Book 2008
170 829 649
16.3 35.8 30.4
4.2 4.1 3.1
2.6 2.6 2.0
34 44 45
2.5 3.5 24.0
26 .. ..
481 351 544
13.0 26.5 23.9
1.0 0.7 0.6
18.6 11.3 9.9
1,127
86
6,603
22
8.5
2.0 2.7 3.8
288 681 486
90.6 56.3 41.7
34 542 391
0.7 76.1 72.4
99.3 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.1 0.9 0.9
169.1 46.3 55.7
74 60 74
1 .. 8
1,623 5,093 3,077
4.6 3.1 18.9
94 87 89
22 56 75
11 42 69
81 80 88
13 37 38
7 28 28
44 53 60
12.6
23.6
123 157 112
9.4 19.4 30.5
6.9 10.7 9.0
4.0 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.6 2.3 1.3
6.8 0.4 0.6
0.5 0.6 1.0
0.3 0.4 0.7
–1.7 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 77 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,000 GDP ($ billions) 13.3
Ethiopia
Green08 0421.indd 79 4/22/08 11:36:37 AM

90. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
80 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
39.0 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
2 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
985 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
.. 13.0
268
..
236
..
0.4
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
13.7 13.2
7.1 22.4
15 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.4 GDP ($ billions) ..
Faeroe Islands
Green08 0421.indd 80 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

91. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
81The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,720 1,856 2,038
51.3 42.4 47.3
2.2 3.5 3.0
0.9 1.1 1.1
25 51 42
1.1 .. 26.3
333 .. 2,057
204 547 531
54.7 28.4 26.5
–0.1 0.1 0.1
1.4 12.1 12.8
127
35
1,518
66
5.0
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
0.3 0.9 0.8
1.3 3.3 3.4
31.5 97.7 71.1
23 73 69
96 14 21
34,539 5,022 5,769
0.0 11.1 7.3
60 74 75
47 79 81
51 70 71
43 92 93
72 51 55
55 36 39
87 72 76
..
..
18 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
11.4 10.3 10.4
6.3 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
1.8 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 1.2 1.2
0.2 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands)833 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) 3.1
Fiji
Green08 0421.indd 81 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

92. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
82 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 5.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 305 GDP ($ billions) 210.7
41,360 36,608
61.2 77.6
0.3 1.1
0.3 0.7
7 36
2.9 11.0
1,344 1,188
91 325
73.9 29.5
–0.1 –0.1
9.7 13.0
501
19
1,102
1
0.2
4.6 6.0
6,664 5,498
19.6 3.2
16,120 9,760
33.2 62.5
19.5 11.5
0.4 0.4
12.6 13.2
28.4 22.4
18 27
460 467
20,396 9,579
2.3 10.2
3 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
26.5 19.9
15.8 13.0
6.0 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.1 0.3
16.3 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Finland
Green08 0421.indd 82 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

93. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
83The Little Green Data Book 2008
36,560 36,608
76.9 77.6
0.7 1.1
0.3 0.7
54 36
13.3 11.0
2,032 1,188
77 325
28.3 29.5
–0.5 –0.1
3.0 13.0
665
117
4,630
7
3.9
6.7 6.0
4,534 5,498
4.3 3.2
7,938 9,760
10.7 62.5
9.1 11.5
0.2 0.4
6.2 13.2
2.7 22.4
14 27
494 467
2,932 9,579
22.4 10.2
10 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
18.8 19.9
12.5 13.0
5.3 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.0 0.3
11.4 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 550 GDP ($ billions)2,248.1
France
Green08 0421.indd 83 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

94. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
84 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
51.7 77.6
1.3 1.1
1.8 0.7
12 36
4.0 11.0
2,507 1,188
4,116 325
28.7 29.5
0.0 –0.1
0.3 13.0
137
77
959
47
5.6
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
2.7 13.2
9.6 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
39,119 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
98 100
97 ..
99 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
13.0 13.0
.. 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
0.1 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 259 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 3.7 GDP ($ billions) ..
French Polynesia
Green08 0421.indd 84 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

95. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
85The Little Green Data Book 2008
5,360 829 5,913
84.1 35.8 75.0
3.5 4.1 1.4
2.2 2.6 0.9
20 44 30
1.4 3.5 9.0
27 .. 672
65 351 112
84.5 26.5 38.8
0.0 0.7 0.2
3.4 11.3 10.9
798
43
6,651
108
3.4
10.4 2.7 4.6
1,333 681 2,248
58.7 56.3 6.5
999 542 3,131
47.7 76.1 61.9
51.9 20.1 27.8
0.08 0.57 0.57
1.1 0.9 5.6
–77.1 46.3 –7.7
7 60 33
.. .. 140
127,064 5,093 17,199
0.1 3.1 4.0
42 87 54
88 56 93
47 42 78
95 80 98
36 37 81
30 28 60
37 53 89
13.0
15.7
91 157 26
52.4 19.4 22.3
15.3 10.7 11.4
3.3 3.8 4.4
60.8 18.7 14.4
0.0 2.3 2.0
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.2 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
–20.6 –10.0 –2.2
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 258 GDP ($ billions) 9.5
Gabon
Green08 0421.indd 85 4/22/08 11:36:38 AM

96. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
86 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
290 829 649
54.7 35.8 30.4
5.7 4.1 3.1
3.4 2.6 2.0
81 44 45
0.6 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
213 351 544
47.1 26.5 23.9
–0.4 0.7 0.6
3.5 11.3 9.9
668
31
974
4
0.1
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
50.0 46.3 55.7
95 60 74
5 .. 8
1,855 5,093 3,077
1.0 3.1 18.9
65 87 89
82 56 75
77 42 69
95 80 88
53 37 38
46 28 28
72 53 60
7.7
21.5
113 157 112
10.3 19.4 30.5
7.8 10.7 9.0
2.0 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.6 0.4 0.6
0.5 0.6 1.0
0.8 0.4 0.7
2.7 –10.0 11.9
Population (millions) 1.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ millions) 511
Gambia, The
Green08 0421.indd 86 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

97. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
87The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 7.7
1,580 4,815 2,038
52.3 63.8 47.3
–1.6 0.2 3.0
–1.3 0.1 1.1
43 28 42
44.0 10.9 26.3
378 400 2,057
267 129 531
39.7 38.3 26.5
0.0 –0.0 0.1
4.3 7.0 12.8
366
46
4,350
0
0.7
4.9 3.3 3.6
718 2,826 1,216
20.1 2.2 12.8
1,672 3,633 1,502
14.2 66.1 78.6
85.8 17.5 16.8
0.3 0.8 0.8
0.9 7.1 3.4
–77.3 –30.2 71.1
51 29 69
56 152 21
12,988 11,473 5,769
6.2 7.5 7.3
59 59 75
82 92 81
67 80 71
96 99 93
94 85 55
91 70 39
96 93 76
3.8
6.0
32 26 36
7.7 22.6 41.4
10.4 10.3 10.4
2.8 4.1 2.5
0.4 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 1.1 1.2
1.4 0.5 1.1
–2.2 –4.9 18.9
Georgia
Green08 0421.indd 87 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

98. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
88 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 82 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 349 GDP ($ billions)2,896.9
36,810 36,608
75.3 77.6
0.4 1.1
0.2 0.7
49 36
4.0 11.0
2,122 1,188
172 325
31.8 29.5
–0.2 –0.1
32.0 13.0
613
59
2,682
12
0.7
7.3 6.0
4,180 5,498
3.5 3.2
7,111 9,760
62.9 62.5
3.2 11.5
0.3 0.4
9.8 13.2
–17.6 22.4
19 27
550 467
1,297 9,579
44.0 10.2
20 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
22.9 19.9
14.7 13.0
4.5 4.7
0.3 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.1 0.3
12.1 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Germany
Green08 0421.indd 88 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

99. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
89The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
510 829 649
48.5 35.8 30.4
4.2 4.1 3.1
2.4 2.6 2.0
65 44 45
0.5 3.5 24.0
75 .. ..
281 351 544
24.2 26.5 23.9
2.0 0.7 0.6
16.2 11.3 9.9
978
56
3,725
117
2.0
2.9 2.7 3.8
397 681 486
66.0 56.3 41.7
266 542 391
21.5 76.1 72.4
78.5 20.1 24.8
0.3 0.6 0.5
0.3 0.9 0.9
90.8 46.3 55.7
34 60 74
.. .. 8
1,345 5,093 3,077
3.2 3.1 18.9
66 87 89
75 56 75
64 42 69
88 80 88
18 37 38
11 28 28
27 53 60
10.0
17.9
120 157 112
27.4 19.4 30.5
8.5 10.7 9.0
4.7 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
7.7 2.3 1.3
1.6 0.4 0.6
0.5 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
13.8 –10.0 11.9
Population (millions) 23 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 228 GDP ($ billions) 12.9
Ghana
Green08 0421.indd 89 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

100. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
90 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 129 GDP ($ billions) 308.4
27,390 36,608
59.1 77.6
0.6 1.1
0.6 0.7
65 36
37.9 11.0
1,652 1,188
173 325
29.1 29.5
–0.9 –0.1
3.3 13.0
530
95
4,992
11
3.0
10.5 6.0
2,790 5,498
3.3 3.2
5,242 9,760
89.1 62.5
8.4 11.5
0.3 0.4
8.7 13.2
33.5 22.4
36 27
388 467
5,223 9,579
13.4 10.2
80 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
16.4 19.9
6.9 13.0
3.4 4.7
0.2 1.5
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.7 0.3
11.6 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Greece
Green08 0421.indd 90 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

101. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
91The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
83.2 77.6
0.4 1.1
0.1 0.7
1 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
.. 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
0.0 13.0
166
14
529
1
1.4
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
10.0 13.2
3.3 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 57 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410 GDP ($ billions) ..
Greenland
Green08 0421.indd 91 4/22/08 11:36:39 AM

102. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
92 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 108 Land area (sq. km) 340 GDP ($ millions) 525
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
4,650 4,785 5,913
30.7 77.7 75.0
0.6 2.1 1.4
0.9 1.5 0.9
38 36 30
.. 12.5 9.0
.. 1,003 672
3,696 241 112
11.8 45.4 38.8
0.0 0.5 0.2
2.1 19.7 10.9
181
23
1,068
3
0.6
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
2.0 2.5 5.6
78.8 29.6 –7.7
19 37 33
.. 115 140
.. 24,471 17,199
.. 2.0 4.0
.. 71 54
95 91 93
93 73 78
97 96 98
96 77 81
97 49 60
96 86 89
..
..
20 26 26
.. 22.4 22.3
12.0 12.1 11.4
5.2 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 0.7
0.1 0.4 0.4
.. 1.8 –2.2
Grenada
Green08 0421.indd 92 4/22/08 11:36:40 AM

103. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
93The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
94.1 77.6
1.8 1.1
1.5 0.7
37 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
506 325
48.1 29.5
0.0 –0.1
2.4 13.0
71
28
330
4
0.6
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
25.0 13.2
.. 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
99 100
98 ..
99 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 171 Land area (sq. km) 540 GDP ($ billions) ..
Guam
Green08 0421.indd 93 4/22/08 11:36:40 AM

104. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
94 2008 The Little Green Data Book
2,590 4,785 2,038
47.7 77.7 47.3
3.3 2.1 3.0
2.4 1.5 1.1
43 36 42
6.3 12.5 26.3
1,379 1,003 2,057
466 241 531
36.3 45.4 26.5
1.2 0.5 0.1
23.4 19.7 12.8
877
133
8,681
84
8.9
7.8 7.0 3.6
628 1,198 1,216
53.2 14.8 12.8
522 1,715 1,502
45.3 37.0 78.6
42.8 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
1.0 2.5 3.4
140.1 29.6 71.1
62 37 69
.. 115 21
8,592 24,471 5,769
1.8 2.0 7.3
80 71 75
95 91 81
92 73 71
99 96 93
86 77 55
82 49 39
90 86 76
18.0
13.3
41 26 36
14.5 22.4 41.4
10.8 12.1 10.4
1.6 4.4 2.5
1.1 9.1 11.1
0.0 3.0 1.1
0.7 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.4 1.2
0.4 0.4 1.1
2.9 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 108 GDP ($ billions) 35.3
Guatemala
Green08 0421.indd 94 4/22/08 11:36:40 AM

105. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
95The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 9.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 246 GDP ($ billions) 3.3
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
400 829 649
33.5 35.8 30.4
3.7 4.1 3.1
2.6 2.6 2.0
51 44 45
5.4 3.5 24.0
28 .. ..
503 351 544
27.4 26.5 23.9
0.6 0.7 0.6
6.4 11.3 9.9
855
61
3,000
22
2.6
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.1 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
32.2 46.3 55.7
77 60 74
.. .. 8
25,104 5,093 3,077
0.7 3.1 18.9
90 87 89
50 56 75
35 42 69
78 80 88
18 37 38
11 28 28
31 53 60
15.0
21.2
161 157 112
8.6 19.4 30.5
7.9 10.7 9.0
2.0 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
9.5 2.3 1.3
2.1 0.4 0.6
0.3 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
–9.7 –10.0 11.9
Guinea
Green08 0421.indd 95 4/22/08 11:36:40 AM

106. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
96 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 1.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 304
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
190 829 649
29.7 35.8 30.4
3.4 4.1 3.1
3.0 2.6 2.0
58 44 45
4.5 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
375 351 544
73.7 26.5 23.9
0.4 0.7 0.6
0.0 11.3 9.9
560
29
1,000
4
0.7
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.4 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
29.8 46.3 55.7
80 60 74
.. .. 8
10,019 5,093 3,077
1.1 3.1 18.9
82 87 89
59 56 75
49 42 69
79 80 88
35 37 38
23 28 28
57 53 60
10.1
31.5
200 157 112
23.5 19.4 30.5
7.1 10.7 9.0
2.3 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.7 0.6 1.0
1.0 0.4 0.7
17.0 –10.0 11.9
Guinea-Bissau
Green08 0421.indd 96 4/22/08 11:36:40 AM

107. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
97The Little Green Data Book 2008
1,150 4,785 2,038
28.3 77.7 47.3
–0.2 2.1 3.0
0.1 1.5 1.1
9 36 42
29.4 12.5 26.3
163 1,003 2,057
111 241 531
76.7 45.4 26.5
0.0 0.5 0.1
2.5 19.7 12.8
1,023
50
6,409
22
3.2
.. 7.0 3.6
.. 1,198 1,216
.. 14.8 12.8
.. 1,715 1,502
.. 37.0 78.6
.. 57.6 16.8
0.6 0.3 0.8
2.0 2.5 3.4
27.5 29.6 71.1
35 37 69
.. 115 21
325,908 24,471 5,769
0.7 2.0 7.3
98 71 75
83 91 81
83 73 71
83 96 93
70 77 55
60 49 39
86 86 76
5.0
..
62 26 36
.. 22.4 41.4
9.9 12.1 10.4
8.2 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
25.3 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.4 0.4 1.2
0.4 0.4 1.1
.. 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 739 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ millions) 896
Guyana
Green08 0421.indd 97 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

108. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
98 2008 The Little Green Data Book
430 4,785 649
39.5 77.7 30.4
3.6 2.1 3.1
1.8 1.5 2.0
58 36 45
8.4 12.5 24.0
.. 1,003 ..
729 241 544
3.8 45.4 23.9
0.7 0.5 0.6
0.3 19.7 9.9
312
91
5,242
29
5.8
4.4 7.0 3.8
269 1,198 486
75.9 14.8 41.7
37 1,715 391
52.3 37.0 72.4
47.7 57.6 24.8
0.2 0.3 0.5
0.2 2.5 0.9
76.8 29.6 55.7
39 37 74
.. 115 8
1,398 24,471 3,077
7.6 2.0 18.9
94 71 89
54 91 75
56 73 69
52 96 88
30 77 38
14 49 28
57 86 60
39.0
25.7
80 26 112
.. 22.4 30.5
9.6 12.1 9.0
1.5 4.4 3.4
0.0 9.1 9.4
0.0 3.0 1.3
0.8 0.0 0.6
0.3 0.4 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
.. 1.8 11.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 9.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) 5.0
Haiti
Green08 0421.indd 98 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

109. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
99The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 7.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 112 GDP ($ billions) 9.2
1,270 4,785 2,038
47.0 77.7 47.3
3.2 2.1 3.0
2.2 1.5 1.1
26 36 42
5.6 12.5 26.3
585 1,003 2,057
342 241 531
41.5 45.4 26.5
3.0 0.5 0.1
21.0 19.7 12.8
900
102
5,680
110
7.9
5.8 7.0 3.6
566 1,198 1,216
42.0 14.8 12.8
626 1,715 1,502
66.4 37.0 78.6
32.3 57.6 16.8
0.4 0.3 0.8
1.1 2.5 3.4
193.8 29.6 71.1
46 37 69
.. 115 21
14,033 24,471 5,769
0.9 2.0 7.3
80 71 75
87 91 81
81 73 71
95 96 93
69 77 55
54 49 39
87 86 76
..
19.3
27 26 36
32.3 22.4 41.4
10.0 12.1 10.4
3.5 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
2.4 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.4 1.2
0.4 0.4 1.1
22.5 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Honduras
Green08 0421.indd 99 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

110. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
100 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 6.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1.0 GDP ($ billions) 189.8
Country
data
High-
income
group
29,040 36,608
100.0 77.6
1.2 1.1
1.2 0.7
.. 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
.. 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
24.7 13.0
363
37
..
6
..
13.5 6.0
2,653 5,498
0.3 3.2
5,878 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.2 0.4
5.5 13.2
42.8 22.4
.. 27
53 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
31.9 19.9
13.9 13.0
3.4 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
.. 0.3
21.3 9.3
Hong Kong, China
Green08 0421.indd 100 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

111. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
101The Little Green Data Book 2008
10,870 4,815 5,913
66.7 63.8 75.0
–0.1 0.2 1.4
–0.2 0.1 0.9
65 28 30
1.7 10.9 9.0
1,234 400 672
74 129 112
22.1 38.3 38.8
–0.6 –0.0 0.2
9.3 7.0 10.9
455
55
2,214
1
0.2
6.2 3.3 4.6
2,752 2,826 2,248
4.0 2.2 6.5
3,771 3,633 3,131
55.9 66.1 61.9
0.6 17.5 27.8
0.3 0.8 0.6
5.7 7.1 5.6
–4.9 –30.2 –7.7
18 29 33
274 152 140
595 11,473 17,199
127.3 7.5 4.0
32 59 54
99 92 93
98 80 78
100 99 98
95 85 81
85 70 60
100 93 89
..
..
7 26 26
20.3 22.6 22.3
13.6 10.3 11.4
5.5 4.1 4.4
1.3 18.4 14.4
0.0 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 1.1 0.7
0.1 0.5 0.4
10.3 –4.9 –2.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 90 GDP ($ billions) 112.9
Hungary
Green08 0421.indd 101 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

112. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
102 2008 The Little Green Data Book
49,960 36,608
92.9 77.6
1.2 1.1
1.1 0.7
23 36
.. 11.0
25,249 1,188
305 325
0.5 29.5
–4.1 –0.1
4.7 13.0
338
17
377
0
1.0
2.9 6.0
12,219 5,498
0.1 3.2
27,987 9,760
0.1 62.5
80.8 11.5
0.2 0.4
7.6 13.2
10.3 22.4
17 27
632 467
572,873 9,579
0.1 10.2
6 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
3 7
7.0 19.9
12.5 13.0
7.4 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.0 0.3
1.8 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 302 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 100 GDP ($ billions) 16.3
Iceland
Green08 0421.indd 102 4/22/08 11:36:41 AM

113. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
103The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 1,110 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,973 GDP ($ billions) 911.8
820 768 649
29.0 28.8 30.4
2.5 2.7 3.1
1.7 1.8 2.0
61 55 45
32.9 39.2 24.0
1,290 1,391 ..
489 619 544
22.8 16.8 23.9
–0.4 –0.1 0.6
5.3 6.0 9.9
1,602
313
18,664
247
43.9
4.5 4.6 3.8
491 453 486
29.4 31.5 41.7
480 432 391
82.1 79.9 72.4
14.3 16.7 24.8
0.6 0.5 0.5
1.2 1.1 0.9
96.9 97.0 55.7
68 81 74
8 8 8
1,152 1,230 3,077
51.2 51.8 18.9
86 90 89
86 84 75
83 81 69
95 94 88
33 37 38
22 27 28
59 63 60
19.3
19.2
76 83 112
33.7 32.1 30.5
9.0 8.9 9.0
3.9 3.5 3.4
4.3 4.5 9.4
1.2 0.9 1.3
0.5 0.5 0.6
1.3 1.1 1.0
0.7 0.8 0.7
20.6 18.8 11.9
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
India
Green08 0421.indd 103 4/22/08 11:36:42 AM

114. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
104 2008 The Little Green Data Book
1,420 1,856 2,038
49.2 42.4 47.3
4.4 3.5 3.0
1.4 1.1 1.1
26 51 42
12.4 .. 26.3
1,497 .. 2,057
498 547 531
48.8 28.4 26.5
1.8 0.1 0.1
14.3 12.1 12.8
2,271
464
29,375
386
90.0
3.9 3.3 3.6
814 1,182 1,216
28.5 15.5 12.8
509 1,492 1,502
86.4 81.9 78.6
8.4 15.6 16.8
0.6 0.9 0.8
1.7 3.3 3.4
76.8 97.7 71.1
96 73 69
.. 14 21
12,867 5,022 5,769
2.9 11.1 7.3
91 74 75
77 79 81
69 70 71
87 92 93
55 51 55
40 36 39
73 72 76
8.0
10.4
34 29 36
27.6 47.2 41.4
10.4 10.3 10.4
0.9 2.1 2.5
11.4 7.1 11.1
3.1 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 1.2 1.2
1.2 1.3 1.1
1.7 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 223 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,812 GDP ($ billions) 364.8
Indonesia
Green08 0421.indd 104 4/22/08 11:36:42 AM

115. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
105The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 70 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,629 GDP ($ billions) 217.9
2,930 2,507 2,038
67.4 57.5 47.3
2.7 2.6 3.0
1.6 2.0 1.1
29 22 42
47.3 33.8 26.3
762 1,050 2,057
138 672 531
6.8 2.4 26.5
0.0 –0.4 0.1
6.5 3.4 12.8
656
75
8,000
1
7.9
4.0 4.7 3.6
2,352 1,270 1,216
0.5 1.1 12.8
2,117 1,358 1,502
91.1 92.5 78.6
8.9 7.4 16.8
0.7 0.7 0.8
6.4 3.9 3.4
98.5 101.1 71.1
55 77 69
24 34 21
1,860 757 5,769
56.7 105.0 7.3
91 89 75
94 89 81
84 81 71
99 96 93
83 76 55
78 58 39
86 92 76
24.0
11.3
34 42 36
40.7 .. 41.4
11.0 10.9 10.4
4.4 4.6 2.5
54.2 40.0 11.1
0.5 0.3 1.1
0.0 0.1 0.0
1.3 1.1 1.2
0.8 0.6 1.1
–22.7 .. 18.9
Iran, Islamic Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 105 4/22/08 11:36:42 AM

116. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
106 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) .. Land area (1,000 sq. km) 437 GDP ($ billions) 12.6
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
.. 2,507 2,038
.. 57.5 47.3
.. 2.6 3.0
.. 2.0 1.1
23 22 42
58.6 33.8 26.3
.. 1,050 2,057
.. 672 531
1.9 2.4 26.5
–0.1 –0.4 0.1
0.0 3.4 12.8
498
40
..
0
1.7
.. 4.7 3.6
.. 1,270 1,216
0.1 1.1 12.8
.. 1,358 1,502
98.5 92.5 78.6
1.5 7.4 16.8
.. 0.7 0.8
.. 3.9 3.4
.. 101.1 71.1
126 77 69
.. 34 21
.. 757 5,769
121.3 105.0 7.3
92 89 75
.. 89 81
.. 81 71
.. 96 93
.. 76 55
.. 58 39
.. 92 76
..
..
46 42 36
.. .. 41.4
.. 10.9 10.4
.. 4.6 2.5
.. 40.0 11.1
.. 0.3 1.1
.. 0.1 0.0
.. 1.1 1.2
.. 0.6 1.1
.. .. 18.9
Iraq
Green08 0421.indd 106 4/22/08 11:36:42 AM

117. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
107The Little Green Data Book 2008
44,830 36,608
60.8 77.6
1.6 1.1
1.2 0.7
61 36
.. 11.0
4,619 1,188
135 325
9.7 29.5
–2.8 –0.1
1.1 13.0
471
15
950
1
0.7
10.3 6.0
3,676 5,498
1.6 3.2
6,234 9,760
92.7 62.5
2.5 11.5
0.3 0.4
10.4 13.2
38.2 22.4
17 27
382 467
11,781 9,579
2.3 10.2
0 42
.. 99
.. 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
5 7
37.7 19.9
10.7 13.0
5.3 4.7
3.4 1.5
0.4 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.0 0.3
28.2 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 69 GDP ($ billions) 220.1
Ireland
Green08 0421.indd 107 4/22/08 11:36:42 AM

118. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
108 2008 The Little Green Data Book
40,600 36,608
51.9 77.6
1.0 1.1
1.0 0.7
46 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
489 325
5.3 29.5
0.0 –0.1
.. 13.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
13.5 13.0
.. 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 77 Land area (sq. km) 570 GDP ($ billions) 2.9
Isle of Man
Green08 0421.indd 108 4/22/08 11:36:43 AM

119. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
109The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 7.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 22 GDP ($ billions) 140.5
Country
data
High-
income
group
20,170 36,608
91.6 77.6
2.7 1.1
2.6 0.7
24 36
40.2 11.0
21,977 1,188
183 325
7.9 29.5
–0.7 –0.1
21.3 13.0
649
79
2,317
0
0.9
8.0 6.0
2,816 5,498
0.1 3.2
6,759 9,760
99.9 62.5
0.1 11.5
0.5 0.4
10.5 13.2
114.9 22.4
31 27
239 467
116 9,579
256.3 10.2
62 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
5 7
.. 19.9
16.7 13.0
6.7 4.7
0.3 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3
0.4 0.3
.. 9.3
Israel
Green08 0421.indd 109 4/22/08 11:36:43 AM

120. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
110 2008 The Little Green Data Book
31,990 36,608
67.8 77.6
0.3 1.1
0.2 0.7
50 36
25.8 11.0
1,569 1,188
245 325
33.9 29.5
–1.2 –0.1
11.0 13.0
610
119
5,599
19
4.4
8.8 6.0
3,160 5,498
2.3 3.2
5,669 9,760
83.5 62.5
11.4 11.5
0.3 0.4
7.7 13.2
15.4 22.4
28 27
595 467
3,114 9,579
24.3 10.2
45 42
.. 99
.. 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
19.3 19.9
13.4 13.0
4.5 4.7
0.3 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.2 0.3
9.7 9.3
Population (millions) 59 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 294 GDP ($ billions)1,851.0
Country
data
High-
income
group
Italy
Green08 0421.indd 110 4/22/08 11:36:43 AM

121. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
111The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,560 4,785 2,038
53.4 77.7 47.3
1.2 2.1 3.0
0.7 1.5 1.1
47 36 42
8.8 12.5 26.3
309 1,003 2,057
715 241 531
31.3 45.4 26.5
0.1 0.5 0.1
16.2 19.7 12.8
333
61
3,308
209
4.9
5.0 7.0 3.6
1,445 1,198 1,216
12.2 14.8 12.8
2,474 1,715 1,502
96.6 37.0 78.6
2.0 57.6 16.8
0.6 0.3 0.8
4.0 2.5 3.4
33.0 29.6 71.1
38 37 69
135 115 21
3,541 24,471 5,769
4.4 2.0 7.3
49 71 75
93 91 81
88 73 71
98 96 93
80 77 55
69 49 39
91 86 76
3.0
..
31 26 36
.. 22.4 41.4
7.6 12.1 10.4
4.5 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
3.5 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 0.4 1.2
0.2 0.4 1.1
.. 1.8 18.9
Population (millions) 2.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 10.0
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Jamaica
Green08 0421.indd 111 4/22/08 11:36:43 AM

122. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
112 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 128 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 365 GDP ($ billions)4,368.4
Country
data
High-
income
group
38,630 36,608
66.0 77.6
0.5 1.1
0.2 0.7
13 36
36.3 11.0
3,908 1,188
1,002 325
68.2 29.5
0.0 –0.1
14.3 13.0
763
190
5,565
12
41.4
7.3 6.0
4,152 5,498
1.2 3.2
8,233 9,760
58.9 62.5
7.1 11.5
0.3 0.4
9.8 13.2
17.4 22.4
31 27
441 467
3,365 9,579
20.6 10.2
62 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
27.3 19.9
13.9 13.0
3.1 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.5 0.3
15.8 9.3
Japan
Green08 0421.indd 112 4/22/08 11:36:43 AM

123. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
113The Little Green Data Book 2008
2,650 2,507 2,038
82.6 57.5 47.3
4.3 2.6 3.0
3.5 2.0 1.1
11 22 42
29.6 33.8 26.3
7,883 1,050 2,057
521 672 531
0.9 2.4 26.5
0.0 –0.4 0.1
11.0 3.4 12.8
490
43
2,100
0
0.3
3.3 4.7 3.6
1,311 1,270 1,216
0.0 1.1 12.8
1,676 1,358 1,502
99.4 92.5 78.6
0.6 7.4 16.8
0.8 0.7 0.8
3.1 3.9 3.4
61.6 101.1 71.1
52 77 69
78 34 21
129 757 5,769
144.3 105.0 7.3
75 89 75
97 89 81
91 81 71
99 96 93
93 76 55
87 58 39
94 92 76
6.0
18.0
25 42 36
13.8 .. 41.4
10.2 10.9 10.4
5.6 4.6 2.5
0.4 40.0 11.1
0.0 0.3 1.1
0.0 0.1 0.0
1.0 1.1 1.2
0.7 0.6 1.1
7.1 .. 18.9
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 88 GDP ($ billions) 14.1
Jordan
Green08 0421.indd 113 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

124. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
114 2008 The Little Green Data Book
3,870 4,815 5,913
57.6 63.8 75.0
–0.3 0.2 1.4
–0.4 0.1 0.9
77 28 30
15.7 10.9 9.0
64 400 672
29 129 112
1.2 38.3 38.8
0.2 –0.0 0.2
2.9 7.0 10.9
642
55
6,000
16
5.4
2.5 3.3 4.6
3,462 2,826 2,248
0.1 2.2 6.5
3,206 3,633 3,131
88.4 66.1 61.9
11.6 17.5 27.8
1.7 0.8 0.6
13.3 7.1 5.6
–30.5 –30.2 –7.7
19 29 33
93 152 140
4,978 11,473 17,199
46.4 7.5 4.0
82 59 54
86 92 93
73 80 78
97 99 98
72 85 81
52 70 60
87 93 89
3.0
13.4
29 26 26
34.5 22.6 22.3
13.1 10.3 11.4
4.4 4.1 4.4
52.4 18.4 14.4
4.2 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.1 1.1 0.7
0.3 0.5 0.4
–33.2 –4.9 –2.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 15 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,700 GDP ($ billions) 81.0
Kazakhstan
Green08 0421.indd 114 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

125. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
115The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 37 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 569 GDP ($ billions) 22.8
580 829 649
21.0 35.8 30.4
3.7 4.1 3.1
2.8 2.6 2.0
47 44 45
1.8 3.5 24.0
178 .. ..
536 351 544
6.2 26.5 23.9
0.3 0.7 0.6
12.6 11.3 9.9
1,510
172
6,506
103
9.9
2.8 2.7 3.8
484 681 486
74.6 56.3 41.7
138 542 391
29.5 76.1 72.4
50.4 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.3 0.9 0.9
81.7 46.3 55.7
38 60 74
9 .. 8
581 5,093 3,077
7.6 3.1 18.9
64 87 89
61 56 75
46 42 69
83 80 88
43 37 38
41 28 28
46 53 60
18.0
17.1
121 157 112
10.1 19.4 30.5
9.6 10.7 9.0
6.3 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.1 2.3 1.3
1.0 0.4 0.6
0.4 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
5.2 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Kenya
Green08 0421.indd 115 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

126. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
116 2008 The Little Green Data Book
1,240 1,856 2,038
48.2 42.4 47.3
4.0 3.5 3.0
2.0 1.1 1.1
46 51 42
.. .. 26.3
.. .. 2,057
2,604 547 531
2.5 28.4 26.5
0.0 0.1 0.1
138.9 12.1 12.8
51
13
60
..
1.6
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
0.09 0.90 0.82
0.3 3.3 3.4
33.3 97.7 71.1
.. 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
65 79 81
53 70 71
77 92 93
40 51 55
22 36 39
59 72 76
..
..
64 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
5.2 10.3 10.4
.. 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
0.2 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 100 Land area (sq. km) 810 GDP ($ millions) 71
Kiribati
Green08 0421.indd 116 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

127. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
117The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 24 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 120 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
.. 1,856 649
62.0 42.4 30.4
1.4 3.5 3.1
1.0 1.1 2.0
25 51 45
50.3 .. 24.0
.. .. ..
324 547 544
51.4 28.4 23.9
1.9 0.1 0.6
2.6 12.1 9.9
474
44
2,898
3
0.7
.. 3.3 3.8
898 1,182 486
4.9 15.5 41.7
817 1,492 391
42.7 81.9 72.4
57.3 15.6 24.8
.. 0.9 0.5
3.4 3.3 0.9
–67.7 97.7 55.7
73 73 74
.. 14 8
2,837 5,022 3,077
13.5 11.1 18.9
55 74 89
100 79 75
100 70 69
100 92 88
59 51 38
60 36 28
58 72 60
12.0
..
55 29 112
.. 47.2 30.5
.. 10.3 9.0
.. 2.1 3.4
.. 7.1 9.4
.. 0.9 1.3
.. 0.0 0.6
.. 1.2 1.0
.. 1.3 0.7
.. 28.5 11.9
Korea, Dem. Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 117 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

128. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
118 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 99 GDP ($ billions) 888.0
Country
data
High-
income
group
17,690 36,608
81.0 77.6
1.3 1.1
0.8 0.7
19 36
47.6 11.0
4,448 1,188
571 325
63.5 29.5
0.1 –0.1
3.6 13.0
512
54
2,898
0
1.8
4.8 6.0
4,426 5,498
1.0 3.2
7,779 9,760
60.6 62.5
0.9 11.5
0.5 0.4
9.7 13.2
93.0 22.4
37 27
230 467
1,344 9,579
28.6 10.2
48 42
92 99
71 98
97 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
5 7
30.5 19.9
13.3 13.0
4.0 4.7
0.1 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3
0.6 0.3
20.0 9.3
Korea, Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 118 4/22/08 11:36:44 AM

129. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
119The Little Green Data Book 2008
30,630 36,608
98.3 77.6
1.3 1.1
1.3 0.7
9 36
72.2 11.0
31,893 1,188
287 325
0.3 29.5
–4.7 –0.1
0.0 13.0
381
23
234
..
0.1
3.9 6.0
11,100 5,498
0.0 3.2
15,345 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
1.0 0.4
40.4 13.2
128.8 22.4
101 27
349 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
52 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
11 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
4.2 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
0.0 0.0
.. 0.3
1.4 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 2.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) 80.8
Kuwait
Green08 0421.indd 119 4/22/08 11:36:45 AM

130. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
120 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 5.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 192 GDP ($ billions) 2.8
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
500 4,815 649
36.0 63.8 30.4
0.7 0.2 3.1
1.0 0.1 2.0
56 28 45
73.8 10.9 24.0
223 400 ..
257 129 544
4.5 38.3 23.9
–0.3 –0.0 0.6
3.7 7.0 9.9
265
22
4,500
14
1.2
3.2 3.3 3.8
544 2,826 486
0.1 2.2 41.7
1,842 3,633 391
13.1 66.1 72.4
86.9 17.5 24.8
0.6 0.8 0.5
1.1 7.1 0.9
–54.5 –30.2 55.7
24 29 74
39 152 8
9,041 11,473 3,077
21.7 7.5 18.9
94 59 89
77 92 75
66 80 69
98 99 88
59 85 38
51 70 28
75 93 60
4.0
17.6
41 26 112
4.5 22.6 30.5
8.5 10.3 9.0
4.4 4.1 3.4
1.1 18.4 9.4
0.0 1.1 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
1.3 1.1 1.0
0.3 0.5 0.7
–2.3 –4.9 11.9
Kyrgyz Republic
Green08 0421.indd 120 4/22/08 11:36:45 AM

131. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
121The Little Green Data Book 2008
500 1,856 649
21.0 42.4 30.4
4.1 3.5 3.1
2.2 1.1 2.0
8 51 45
16.5 .. 24.0
.. .. ..
450 547 544
69.9 28.4 23.9
0.5 0.1 0.6
16.2 12.1 9.9
919
77
8,286
21
5.4
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
.. 81.9 72.4
.. 15.6 24.8
0.1 0.9 0.5
0.2 3.3 0.9
454.0 97.7 55.7
47 73 74
.. 14 8
33,616 5,022 3,077
1.6 11.1 18.9
90 74 89
51 79 75
43 70 69
79 92 88
30 51 38
20 36 28
67 72 60
1.0
6.2
75 29 112
21.8 47.2 30.5
9.7 10.3 9.0
1.1 2.1 3.4
0.0 7.1 9.4
0.0 0.9 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
0.4 1.2 1.0
0.8 1.3 0.7
12.1 28.5 11.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 5.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 231 GDP ($ billions) 3.4
Lao PDR
Green08 0421.indd 121 4/22/08 11:36:45 AM

132. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
122 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 2.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 62 GDP ($ billions) 20.1
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
8,100 4,815 5,913
67.9 63.8 75.0
–1.1 0.2 1.4
–1.0 0.1 0.9
28 28 30
2.1 10.9 9.0
724 400 672
68 129 112
47.2 38.3 38.8
–0.4 –0.0 0.2
15.6 7.0 10.9
393
23
1,153
0
0.0
6.4 3.3 4.6
2,050 2,826 2,248
30.2 2.2 6.5
2,702 3,633 3,131
30.4 66.1 61.9
67.8 17.5 27.8
0.3 0.8 0.6
3.1 7.1 5.6
–51.1 –30.2 –7.7
15 29 33
323 152 140
7,259 11,473 17,199
1.8 7.5 4.0
13 59 54
99 92 93
96 80 78
100 99 98
78 85 81
71 70 60
82 93 89
..
..
9 26 26
17.5 22.6 22.3
18.2 10.3 11.4
5.6 4.1 4.4
0.0 18.4 14.4
0.0 1.1 2.0
0.7 0.0 0.0
0.3 1.1 0.7
0.0 0.5 0.4
3.8 –4.9 –2.2
Latvia
Green08 0421.indd 122 4/22/08 11:36:45 AM

133. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
123The Little Green Data Book 2008
5,580 2,507 5,913
86.7 57.5 75.0
2.2 2.6 1.4
1.9 2.0 0.9
38 22 30
31.3 33.8 9.0
1,358 1,050 672
289 672 112
13.3 2.4 38.8
–0.8 –0.4 0.2
0.7 3.4 10.9
447
38
3,000
0
0.2
6.9 4.7 4.6
1,391 1,270 2,248
2.3 1.1 6.5
2,242 1,358 3,131
89.7 92.5 61.9
10.3 7.4 27.8
0.4 0.7 0.6
4.1 3.9 5.6
78.7 101.1 –7.7
40 77 33
.. 34 140
1,197 757 17,199
28.8 105.0 4.0
67 89 54
100 89 93
100 81 78
100 96 98
98 76 81
87 58 60
100 92 89
3.5
19.3
30 42 26
–4.5 .. 22.3
11.9 10.9 11.4
2.5 4.6 4.4
0.0 40.0 14.4
0.0 0.3 2.0
0.0 0.1 0.0
0.6 1.1 0.7
0.9 0.6 0.4
–15.4 .. –2.2
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 10 GDP ($ billions) 22.7
Lebanon
Green08 0421.indd 123 4/22/08 11:36:45 AM

134. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
124 2008 The Little Green Data Book
980 829 2,038
19.0 35.8 47.3
2.0 4.1 3.0
1.4 2.6 1.1
77 44 42
0.9 3.5 26.3
.. .. 2,057
488 351 531
0.3 26.5 26.5
–3.2 0.7 0.1
0.2 11.3 12.8
370
11
1,591
1
0.3
.. 2.7 3.6
.. 681 1,216
.. 56.3 12.8
.. 542 1,502
.. 76.1 78.6
.. 20.1 16.8
.. 0.6 0.8
.. 0.9 3.4
.. 46.3 71.1
42 60 69
.. .. 21
2,625 5,093 5,769
1.0 3.1 7.3
20 87 75
79 56 81
76 42 71
92 80 93
37 37 55
32 28 39
61 53 76
18.7
..
132 157 36
21.8 19.4 41.4
7.1 10.7 10.4
9.3 3.8 2.5
0.0 18.7 11.1
0.0 2.3 1.1
1.4 0.4 0.0
0.0 0.6 1.2
0.2 0.4 1.1
22.4 –10.0 18.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 30 GDP ($ billions) 1.5
Lesotho
Green08 0421.indd 124 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

135. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
125The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 3.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 96 GDP ($ billions) 631
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
130 829 649
58.8 35.8 30.4
4.9 4.1 3.1
3.2 2.6 2.0
27 44 45
0.5 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
378 351 544
32.7 26.5 23.9
1.7 0.7 0.6
15.8 11.3 9.9
759
60
2,200
46
2.9
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.5 0.6 0.5
0.1 0.9 0.9
0.8 46.3 55.7
45 60 74
.. .. 8
58,109 5,093 3,077
0.1 3.1 18.9
55 87 89
61 56 75
52 42 69
72 80 88
27 37 38
7 28 28
49 53 60
39.0
..
235 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
8.7 10.7 9.0
.. 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.1 2.3 1.3
6.0 0.4 0.6
0.6 0.6 1.0
0.5 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Liberia
Green08 0421.indd 125 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

136. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
126 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,760 GDP ($ billions) 50.3
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
7,290 2,507 5,913
85.1 57.5 75.0
2.5 2.6 1.4
2.0 2.0 0.9
9 22 30
21.9 33.8 9.0
671 1,050 672
51 672 112
0.1 2.4 38.8
0.0 –0.4 0.2
0.1 3.4 10.9
413
31
1,825
1
1.7
3.4 4.7 4.6
3,218 1,270 2,248
0.8 1.1 6.5
3,299 1,358 3,131
100.0 92.5 61.9
0.0 7.4 27.8
1.0 0.7 0.6
10.3 3.9 5.6
58.5 101.1 –7.7
94 77 33
232 34 140
101 757 17,199
711.3 105.0 4.0
83 89 54
71 89 93
68 81 78
72 96 98
97 76 81
96 58 60
97 92 89
4.3
16.9
18 42 26
.. .. 22.3
12.2 10.9 11.4
.. 4.6 4.4
81.3 40.0 14.4
0.0 0.3 2.0
0.0 0.1 0.0
0.8 1.1 0.7
.. 0.6 0.4
.. .. –2.2
Libya
Green08 0421.indd 126 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

137. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
127The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
14.6 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
44 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
742 325
43.8 29.5
–1.0 –0.1
38.8 13.0
297
6
1,410
0
0.0
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
34 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
3 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 35 Land area (sq. km) 160 GDP ($ billions) ..
Liechtenstein
Green08 0421.indd 127 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

138. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
128 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 3.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 63 GDP ($ billions) 29.8
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
7,930 4,815 5,913
66.6 63.8 75.0
–0.6 0.2 1.4
–0.5 0.1 0.9
45 28 30
0.4 10.9 9.0
1,198 400 672
60 129 112
33.5 38.3 38.8
–0.5 –0.0 0.2
9.5 7.0 10.9
298
20
1,796
..
0.0
5.6 3.3 4.6
2,515 2,826 2,248
8.3 2.2 6.5
3,104 3,633 3,131
23.7 66.1 61.9
3.1 17.5 27.8
0.3 0.8 0.6
3.9 7.1 5.6
–45.4 –30.2 –7.7
19 29 33
426 152 140
4,569 11,473 17,199
1.7 7.5 4.0
7 59 54
.. 92 93
.. 80 78
.. 99 98
.. 85 81
.. 70 60
.. 93 89
..
..
8 26 26
14.5 22.6 22.3
13.0 10.3 11.4
5.1 4.1 4.4
0.3 18.4 14.4
0.0 1.1 2.0
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.4 1.1 0.7
0.2 0.5 0.4
5.6 –4.9 –2.2
Lithuania
Green08 0421.indd 128 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

139. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
129The Little Green Data Book 2008
71,240 36,608
82.7 77.6
1.3 1.1
1.2 0.7
50 36
.. 11.0
4,907 1,188
131 325
33.6 29.5
–0.1 –0.1
17.0 13.0
350
7
1,246
0
0.0
6.7 6.0
10,457 5,498
1.3 3.2
15,971 9,760
92.7 62.5
3.0 11.5
0.4 0.4
24.9 13.2
13.9 22.4
15 27
647 467
2,190 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
34.7 19.9
19.4 13.0
3.7 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.0 0.3
24.6 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands)462 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.6 GDP ($ billions) 41.5
Luxembourg
Green08 0421.indd 129 4/22/08 11:36:46 AM

140. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
130 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 478 Land area (sq. km) 28 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
100.0 77.6
1.6 1.1
1.6 0.7
.. 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
.. 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
.. 13.0
60
..
..
..
..
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
0.1 0.4
4.7 13.2
115.0 22.4
.. 27
134 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
12.4 13.0
.. 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
0.2 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Macao, China
Green08 0421.indd 130 4/22/08 11:36:47 AM

141. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
131The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,070 4,815 2,038
69.6 63.8 47.3
1.6 0.2 3.0
0.4 0.1 1.1
49 28 42
9.0 10.9 26.3
225 400 2,057
112 129 531
35.6 38.3 26.5
0.0 –0.0 0.1
7.9 7.0 12.8
380
34
3,500
0
0.2
5.5 3.3 3.6
1,346 2,826 1,216
5.6 2.2 12.8
3,417 3,633 1,502
78.5 66.1 78.6
21.5 17.5 16.8
0.7 0.8 0.8
5.1 7.1 3.4
–33.0 –30.2 71.1
20 29 69
150 152 21
2,655 11,473 5,769
.. 7.5 7.3
.. 59 75
.. 92 81
.. 80 71
.. 99 93
.. 85 55
.. 70 39
.. 93 76
..
..
17 26 36
22.1 22.6 41.4
10.8 10.3 10.4
4.9 4.1 2.5
0.0 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.2 0.0 0.0
1.4 1.1 1.2
0.1 0.5 1.1
14.5 –4.9 18.9
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 6.2
Macedonia, FYR
Green08 0421.indd 131 4/22/08 11:36:47 AM

142. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
132 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 582 GDP ($ billions) 5.5
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
280 829 649
27.1 35.8 30.4
3.8 4.1 3.1
2.9 2.6 2.0
70 44 45
30.6 3.5 24.0
54 .. ..
463 351 544
22.1 26.5 23.9
0.4 0.7 0.6
3.1 11.3 9.9
427
262
9,505
280
31.4
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
189.9 46.3 55.7
35 60 74
.. .. 8
18,077 5,093 3,077
4.4 3.1 18.9
96 87 89
46 56 75
35 42 69
77 80 88
32 37 38
26 28 28
48 53 60
9.0
12.8
115 157 112
16.3 19.4 30.5
7.6 10.7 9.0
2.7 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.3 0.6 1.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
10.9 –10.0 11.9
Madagascar
Green08 0421.indd 132 4/22/08 11:36:47 AM

143. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
133The Little Green Data Book 2008
230 829 649
17.7 35.8 30.4
4.9 4.1 3.1
2.3 2.6 2.0
49 44 45
2.2 3.5 24.0
353 .. ..
421 351 544
36.2 26.5 23.9
0.9 0.7 0.6
20.6 11.3 9.9
865
141
3,765
14
3.9
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.1 0.6 0.5
0.08 0.92 0.90
73.8 46.3 55.7
34 60 74
.. .. 8
1,217 5,093 3,077
6.3 3.1 18.9
80 87 89
73 56 75
68 42 69
98 80 88
61 37 38
61 28 28
62 53 60
27.0
17.6
120 157 112
15.7 19.4 30.5
7.3 10.7 9.0
4.9 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.6 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
12.2 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 94 GDP ($ billions) 3.2
Malawi
Green08 0421.indd 133 4/22/08 11:36:47 AM

144. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
134 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 26 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 329 GDP ($ billions) 150.7
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
5,620 1,856 5,913
68.2 42.4 75.0
4.3 3.5 1.4
2.3 1.1 0.9
24 51 30
4.8 .. 9.0
8,432 .. 672
466 547 112
63.6 28.4 38.8
0.5 0.1 0.2
30.7 12.1 10.9
1,083
225
15,500
686
14.8
4.9 3.3 4.6
2,389 1,182 2,248
4.5 15.5 6.5
3,262 1,492 3,131
93.4 81.9 61.9
6.6 15.6 27.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
7.0 3.3 5.6
221.1 97.7 –7.7
25 73 33
225 14 140
22,609 5,022 17,199
1.6 11.1 4.0
62 74 54
99 79 93
96 70 78
100 92 98
94 51 81
93 36 60
95 72 89
..
..
12 29 26
32.7 47.2 22.3
12.1 10.3 11.4
5.8 2.1 4.4
22.1 7.1 14.4
0.0 0.9 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 1.2 0.7
0.1 1.3 0.4
3.3 28.5 –2.2
Malaysia
Green08 0421.indd 134 4/22/08 11:36:47 AM

145. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
135The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,010 768 2,038
30.1 28.8 47.3
3.0 2.7 3.0
2.1 1.8 1.1
47 55 42
.. 39.2 26.3
220 1,391 2,057
5,197 619 531
3.3 16.8 26.5
0.0 –0.1 0.1
.. 6.0 12.8
181
14
583
..
1.8
.. 4.6 3.6
.. 453 1,216
.. 31.5 12.8
.. 432 1,502
.. 79.9 78.6
.. 16.7 16.8
0.6 0.5 0.8
2.5 1.1 3.4
371.4 97.0 71.1
35 81 69
6 8 21
.. 1,230 5,769
.. 51.8 7.3
.. 90 75
83 84 81
76 81 71
98 94 93
59 37 55
42 27 39
100 63 76
22.0
7.9
30 83 36
37.7 32.1 41.4
11.5 8.9 10.4
6.0 3.5 2.5
0.0 4.5 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.5 0.0
0.8 1.1 1.2
0.3 0.8 1.1
31.5 18.8 18.9
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 300 Land area (sq. km) 300 GDP ($ millions) 927
Maldives
Green08 0421.indd 135 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

146. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
136 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,220 GDP ($ billions) 5.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
460 829 649
31.1 35.8 30.4
4.6 4.1 3.1
2.8 2.6 2.0
32 44 45
4.9 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
168 351 544
10.3 26.5 23.9
0.7 0.7 0.6
3.8 11.3 9.9
758
21
1,741
6
1.6
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.05 0.57 0.53
0.05 0.92 0.90
33.9 46.3 55.7
171 60 74
.. .. 8
5,167 5,093 3,077
10.9 3.1 18.9
90 87 89
50 56 75
36 42 69
78 80 88
46 37 38
39 28 28
59 53 60
10.0
18.6
217 157 112
13.8 19.4 30.5
8.8 10.7 9.0
3.6 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.1 0.6 1.0
1.6 0.4 0.7
7.0 –10.0 11.9
Mali
Green08 0421.indd 136 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

147. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
137The Little Green Data Book 2008
15,310 36,608
95.5 77.6
1.1 1.1
0.8 0.7
31 36
18.2 11.0
773 1,188
211 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
15.6 13.0
391
20
914
3
0.1
8.7 6.0
2,352 5,498
0.0 3.2
4,917 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.3 0.4
6.1 13.2
9.9 22.4
.. 27
523 467
248 9,579
50.5 10.2
20 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
6 7
.. 19.9
13.4 13.0
4.3 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
0.3 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands)406 Land area (sq. km) 320 GDP ($ billions) 6.4
Malta
Green08 0421.indd 137 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

148. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
138 2008 The Little Green Data Book
2,980 1,856 2,038
66.9 42.4 47.3
2.4 3.5 3.0
2.2 1.1 1.1
78 51 42
.. .. 26.3
5 .. 2,057
1,053 547 531
.. 28.4 26.5
.. 0.1 0.1
420.6 12.1 12.8
61
15
100
..
1.6
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
.. 0.9 0.8
.. 3.3 3.4
.. 97.7 71.1
.. 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
87 79 81
96 70 71
82 92 93
82 51 55
58 36 39
93 72 76
..
..
56 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
8.4 10.3 10.4
6.6 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
0.0 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 65 Land area (sq. km) 180 GDP ($ millions) 155
Marshall Islands
Green08 0421.indd 138 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

149. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
139The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,031 GDP ($ billions) 2.7
760 829 649
40.6 35.8 30.4
2.9 4.1 3.1
2.8 2.6 2.0
39 44 45
9.8 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
353 351 544
0.3 26.5 23.9
2.9 0.7 0.6
0.2 11.3 9.9
615
44
1,100
..
1.4
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.5 0.6 0.5
0.9 0.9 0.9
–3.1 46.3 55.7
104 60 74
.. .. 8
135 5,093 3,077
425.0 3.1 18.9
88 87 89
53 56 75
44 42 69
59 80 88
34 37 38
8 28 28
49 53 60
10.0
18.3
125 157 112
27.5 19.4 30.5
8.7 10.7 9.0
2.4 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
24.2 2.3 1.3
0.4 0.4 0.6
0.8 0.6 1.0
2.8 0.4 0.7
–7.0 –10.0 11.9
Mauritania
Green08 0421.indd 139 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

150. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
140 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) 6.3
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
5,430 829 5,913
42.5 35.8 75.0
0.9 4.1 1.4
1.1 2.6 0.9
56 44 30
20.8 3.5 9.0
2,575 .. 672
716 351 112
18.2 26.5 38.8
0.4 0.7 0.2
3.3 11.3 10.9
151
65
750
88
4.2
.. 2.7 4.6
.. 681 2,248
.. 56.3 6.5
.. 542 3,131
.. 76.1 61.9
.. 20.1 27.8
0.3 0.6 0.6
2.6 0.9 5.6
118.5 46.3 –7.7
17 60 33
96 .. 140
2,252 5,093 17,199
21.8 3.1 4.0
.. 87 54
100 56 93
100 42 78
100 80 98
94 37 81
94 28 60
95 53 89
..
..
14 157 26
18.9 19.4 22.3
11.5 10.7 11.4
3.8 3.8 4.4
0.0 18.7 14.4
0.0 2.3 2.0
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.4 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
10.8 –10.0 –2.2
Mauritius
Green08 0421.indd 140 4/22/08 11:36:48 AM

151. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
141The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
.. 829 5,913
.. 35.8 75.0
.. 4.1 1.4
.. 2.6 0.9
53 44 30
.. 3.5 9.0
.. .. 672
.. 351 112
13.4 26.5 38.8
1.2 0.7 0.2
.. 11.3 10.9
..
..
..
..
0.3
.. 2.7 4.6
.. 681 2,248
.. 56.3 6.5
.. 542 3,131
.. 76.1 61.9
.. 20.1 27.8
.. 0.6 0.6
.. 0.9 5.6
.. 46.3 –7.7
.. 60 33
.. .. 140
.. 5,093 17,199
.. 3.1 4.0
.. 87 54
.. 56 93
.. 42 78
.. 80 98
.. 37 81
.. 28 60
.. 53 89
..
..
.. 157 26
.. 19.4 22.3
.. 10.7 11.4
.. 3.8 4.4
.. 18.7 14.4
.. 2.3 2.0
.. 0.4 0.0
.. 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
.. –10.0 –2.2
Population (thousands) 187 Land area (sq. km) 374 GDP ($ billions) ..
Mayotte
Green08 0421.indd 141 4/22/08 11:36:49 AM

152. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
142 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 104 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,944 GDP ($ billions) 839.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
7,830 4,785 5,913
76.3 77.7 75.0
1.7 2.1 1.4
1.4 1.5 0.9
55 36 30
22.8 12.5 9.0
692 1,003 672
99 241 112
33.0 45.4 38.8
0.5 0.5 0.2
5.1 19.7 10.9
1,570
579
26,071
261
75.8
6.6 7.0 4.6
1,712 1,198 2,248
4.7 14.8 6.5
1,899 1,715 3,131
79.4 37.0 61.9
11.8 57.6 27.8
0.4 0.3 0.6
4.3 2.5 5.6
5.9 29.6 –7.7
40 37 33
137 115 140
3,967 24,471 17,199
19.1 2.0 4.0
77 71 54
97 91 93
87 73 78
100 96 98
79 77 81
41 49 60
91 86 89
..
9.7
35 26 26
22.2 22.4 22.3
12.4 12.1 11.4
5.3 4.4 4.4
10.6 9.1 14.4
0.6 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
0.4 0.4 0.4
3.1 1.8 –2.2
Mexico
Green08 0421.indd 142 4/22/08 11:36:49 AM

153. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
143The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,390 1,856 2,038
22.4 42.4 47.3
0.0 3.5 3.0
0.9 1.1 1.1
44 51 42
.. .. 26.3
.. .. 2,057
2,851 547 531
90.0 28.4 26.5
0.0 0.1 0.1
7.3 12.1 12.8
105
31
1,194
5
3.0
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
.. 0.9 0.8
.. 3.3 3.4
.. 97.7 71.1
.. 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
94 79 81
94 70 71
95 92 93
28 51 55
14 36 39
61 72 76
..
..
41 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
9.7 10.3 10.4
.. 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
0.0 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Population (thousands) 111 Land area (sq. km) 700 GDP ($ millions) 245
Micronesia, Fed. Sts.
Green08 0421.indd 143 4/22/08 11:36:49 AM

154. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
144 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 33 GDP ($ billions) 3.4
1,080 4,815 2,038
47.0 63.8 47.3
–0.8 0.2 3.0
–0.8 0.1 1.1
77 28 42
10.7 10.9 26.3
149 400 2,057
112 129 531
10.0 38.3 26.5
–0.2 –0.0 0.1
1.4 7.0 12.8
253
28
1,752
0
0.0
2.4 3.3 3.6
917 2,826 1,216
2.1 2.2 12.8
1,428 3,633 1,502
98.4 66.1 78.6
1.6 17.5 16.8
1.0 0.8 0.8
2.0 7.1 3.4
–67.8 –30.2 71.1
38 29 69
70 152 21
258 11,473 5,769
231.0 7.5 7.3
33 59 75
92 92 81
88 80 71
97 99 93
68 85 55
52 70 39
86 93 76
7.0
7.4
19 26 36
20.3 22.6 41.4
8.1 10.3 10.4
3.6 4.1 2.5
0.1 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.7 1.1 1.2
0.7 0.5 1.1
13.3 –4.9 18.9
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Moldova
Green08 0421.indd 144 4/22/08 11:36:49 AM

155. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
145The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
100.0 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
.. 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
.. 325
0.0 29.5
.. –0.1
51.3 13.0
16
9
..
0
..
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
.. 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
.. 98
100 100
100 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Population (thousands) 33 Land area (sq. km) 2.0 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
Monaco
Green08 0421.indd 145 4/22/08 11:36:49 AM

156. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
146 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 2.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,567 GDP ($ billions) 3.1
1,000 1,856 649
56.9 42.4 30.4
1.3 3.5 3.1
1.3 1.1 2.0
83 51 45
7.0 .. 24.0
37 .. ..
95 547 544
6.5 28.4 23.9
0.8 0.1 0.6
13.9 12.1 9.9
527
38
2,823
0
4.4
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
.. 81.9 72.4
.. 15.6 24.8
1.4 0.9 0.5
3.4 3.3 0.9
–14.4 97.7 55.7
64 73 74
28 14 8
13,626 5,022 3,077
1.3 11.1 18.9
52 74 89
62 79 75
30 70 69
87 92 88
59 51 38
37 36 28
75 72 60
2.3
8.0
43 29 112
45.3 47.2 30.5
7.9 10.3 9.0
5.1 2.1 3.4
2.8 7.1 9.4
26.4 0.9 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
2.5 1.2 1.0
1.1 1.3 0.7
9.7 28.5 11.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
Mongolia
Green08 0421.indd 146 4/22/08 11:36:50 AM

157. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
147The Little Green Data Book 2008
4,130 4,815 5,913
.. 63.8 75.0
.. 0.2 1.4
0.1 0.1 0.9
.. 28 30
.. 10.9 9.0
.. 400 672
.. 129 112
.. 38.3 38.8
.. –0.0 0.2
.. 7.0 10.9
..
..
..
..
..
.. 3.3 4.6
.. 2,826 2,248
.. 2.2 6.5
.. 3,633 3,131
.. 66.1 61.9
.. 17.5 27.8
.. 0.8 0.6
.. 7.1 5.6
.. –30.2 –7.7
.. 29 33
.. 152 140
.. 11,473 17,199
.. 7.5 4.0
.. 59 54
.. 92 93
.. 80 78
.. 99 98
.. 85 81
.. 70 60
.. 93 89
..
..
10 26 26
.. 22.6 22.3
.. 10.3 11.4
.. 4.1 4.4
.. 18.4 14.4
.. 1.1 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 1.1 0.7
.. 0.5 0.4
.. –4.9 –2.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 601 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 14 GDP ($ billions) 2.5
Montenegro
Green08 0421.indd 147 4/22/08 11:36:50 AM

158. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
148 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 30 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 446 GDP ($ billions) 65.4
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,160 2,507 2,038
59.3 57.5 47.3
2.7 2.6 3.0
1.5 2.0 1.1
68 22 42
15.4 33.8 26.3
426 1,050 2,057
147 672 531
9.8 2.4 26.5
–0.1 –0.4 0.1
1.1 3.4 12.8
559
76
3,675
2
4.0
7.8 4.7 3.6
458 1,270 1,216
3.3 1.1 12.8
644 1,358 1,502
92.8 92.5 78.6
6.3 7.4 16.8
0.4 0.7 0.8
1.4 3.9 3.4
75.2 101.1 71.1
22 77 69
46 34 21
962 757 5,769
43.4 105.0 7.3
87 89 75
81 89 81
56 81 71
99 96 93
73 76 55
52 58 39
88 92 76
12.0
10.4
37 42 36
35.0 .. 41.4
10.5 10.9 10.4
6.5 4.6 2.5
0.2 40.0 11.1
0.8 0.3 1.1
0.0 0.1 0.0
0.5 1.1 1.2
0.1 0.6 1.1
29.4 .. 18.9
Morocco
Green08 0421.indd 148 4/22/08 11:36:50 AM

159. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
149The Little Green Data Book 2008
310 829 649
35.3 35.8 30.4
5.9 4.1 3.1
2.7 2.6 2.0
62 44 45
2.6 3.5 24.0
16 .. ..
306 351 544
24.5 26.5 23.9
0.3 0.7 0.6
5.8 11.3 9.9
913
93
5,692
46
8.2
1.4 2.7 3.8
497 681 486
85.4 56.3 41.7
450 542 391
0.2 76.1 72.4
99.8 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.1 0.9 0.9
117.3 46.3 55.7
28 60 74
.. .. 8
4,885 5,093 3,077
0.6 3.1 18.9
87 87 89
43 56 75
26 42 69
72 80 88
32 37 38
19 28 28
53 53 60
10.0
20.7
138 157 112
3.5 19.4 30.5
8.5 10.7 9.0
3.7 3.8 3.4
11.5 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.5 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
–13.8 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 21 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 786 GDP ($ billions) 6.8
Mozambique
Green08 0421.indd 149 4/22/08 11:36:50 AM

160. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
150 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 48 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 658 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
.. 1,856 649
31.3 42.4 30.4
2.6 3.5 3.1
1.2 1.1 2.0
17 51 45
17.0 .. 24.0
2 .. ..
331 547 544
49.0 28.4 23.9
1.3 0.1 0.6
5.4 12.1 9.9
1,335
118
7,000
38
10.6
2.7 3.3 3.8
307 1,182 486
69.6 15.5 41.7
82 1,492 391
50.2 81.9 72.4
49.8 15.6 24.8
0.3 0.9 0.5
0.2 3.3 0.9
128.7 97.7 55.7
63 73 74
4 14 8
18,358 5,022 3,077
3.8 11.1 18.9
98 74 89
78 79 75
77 70 69
80 92 88
77 51 38
72 36 28
88 72 60
2.0
..
104 29 112
.. 47.2 30.5
.. 10.3 9.0
0.8 2.1 3.4
.. 7.1 9.4
.. 0.9 1.3
.. 0.0 0.6
.. 1.2 1.0
0.6 1.3 0.7
.. 28.5 11.9
Myanmar
Green08 0421.indd 150 4/22/08 11:36:50 AM

161. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
151The Little Green Data Book 2008
3,210 829 2,038
35.7 35.8 47.3
3.9 4.1 3.0
2.3 2.6 1.1
47 44 42
1.0 3.5 26.3
19 .. 2,057
161 351 531
9.3 26.5 26.5
0.9 0.7 0.1
5.6 11.3 12.8
811
55
3,174
24
5.9
6.7 2.7 3.6
683 681 1,216
13.5 56.3 12.8
1,428 542 1,502
3.0 76.1 78.6
97.0 20.1 16.8
0.3 0.6 0.8
1.2 0.9 3.4
.. 46.3 71.1
42 60 69
42 .. 21
3,070 5,093 5,769
4.8 3.1 7.3
71 87 75
87 56 81
81 42 71
98 80 93
25 37 55
13 28 39
50 53 76
18.0
20.6
61 157 36
42.7 19.4 41.4
11.0 10.7 10.4
7.3 3.8 2.5
0.0 18.7 11.1
5.2 2.3 1.1
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.3 0.6 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
33.4 –10.0 18.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 823 GDP ($ billions) 6.6
Namibia
Green08 0421.indd 151 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

162. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
152 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 28 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 143 GDP ($ billions) 8.9
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
320 768 649
16.3 28.8 30.4
6.1 2.7 3.1
2.3 1.8 2.0
30 55 45
47.0 39.2 24.0
96 1,391 ..
968 619 544
25.4 16.8 23.9
1.9 –0.1 0.6
18.6 6.0 9.9
455
72
6,973
7
2.2
2.8 4.6 3.8
338 453 486
86.6 31.5 41.7
70 432 391
0.2 79.9 72.4
99.8 16.7 24.8
0.1 0.5 0.5
0.1 1.1 0.9
382.6 97.0 55.7
36 81 74
3 8 8
7,315 1,230 3,077
5.1 51.8 18.9
96 90 89
90 84 75
89 81 69
96 94 88
35 37 38
30 27 28
62 63 60
23.0
27.5
59 83 112
28.0 32.1 30.5
7.6 8.9 9.0
2.6 3.5 3.4
0.0 4.5 9.4
0.0 0.9 1.3
2.1 0.5 0.6
0.3 1.1 1.0
0.1 0.8 0.7
20.5 18.8 11.9
Nepal
Green08 0421.indd 152 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

163. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
153The Little Green Data Book 2008
43,050 36,608
80.7 77.6
1.6 1.1
0.6 0.7
57 36
60.2 11.0
6,231 1,188
356 325
10.8 29.5
–0.4 –0.1
28.0 13.0
539
26
1,221
0
0.1
6.9 6.0
5,015 5,498
3.2 3.2
6,988 9,760
86.9 62.5
0.1 11.5
0.3 0.4
8.7 13.2
0.7 22.4
35 27
429 467
674 9,579
72.2 10.2
34 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
5 7
28.7 19.9
14.5 13.0
5.2 4.7
2.5 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.6 0.3
16.0 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 16 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 34 GDP ($ billions) 662.3
Netherlands
Green08 0421.indd 153 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

164. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
154 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 189 Land area (sq. km) 800 GDP ($ billions) ..
Country
data
High-
income
group
.. 36,608
70.7 77.6
0.2 1.1
–0.1 0.7
10 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
690 325
1.3 29.5
0.0 –0.1
.. 13.0
300
26
..
2
0.2
.. 6.0
8,890 5,498
0.0 3.2
5,172 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
.. 0.4
22.2 13.2
239.9 22.4
30 27
360 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Netherlands Antilles
Green08 0421.indd 154 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

165. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
155The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
64.1 77.6
2.6 1.1
2.2 0.7
14 36
100.0 11.0
3,207 1,188
1,419 325
39.2 29.5
0.0 –0.1
7.4 13.0
178
51
3,250
219
8.9
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
11.2 13.2
59.8 22.4
66 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
12.8 13.0
.. 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 238 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 18 GDP ($ billions) ..
New Caledonia
Green08 0421.indd 155 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

166. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
156 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 268 GDP ($ billions) 104.5
26,750 36,608
86.3 77.6
1.3 1.1
1.2 0.7
65 36
11.4 11.0
7,026 1,188
38 325
31.0 29.5
–0.5 –0.1
24.2 13.0
424
124
2,382
21
22.3
6.0 6.0
4,090 5,498
5.1 3.2
9,656 9,760
35.6 62.5
54.6 11.5
0.3 0.4
7.7 13.2
39.3 22.4
15 27
607 467
79,102 9,579
0.6 10.2
42 42
.. 99
.. 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
6 7
21.2 19.9
13.7 13.0
7.0 4.7
1.5 1.5
0.3 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.0 0.3
12.4 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
New Zealand
Green08 0421.indd 156 4/22/08 11:36:51 AM

167. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
157The Little Green Data Book 2008
930 4,785 2,038
59.4 77.7 47.3
2.5 2.1 3.0
1.8 1.5 1.1
44 36 42
2.8 12.5 26.3
292 1,003 2,057
116 241 531
42.7 45.4 26.5
1.5 0.5 0.1
23.1 19.7 12.8
813
59
7,590
39
3.6
4.3 7.0 3.6
611 1,198 1,216
50.5 14.8 12.8
414 1,715 1,502
69.8 37.0 78.6
15.1 57.6 16.8
0.3 0.3 0.8
0.7 2.5 3.4
51.4 29.6 71.1
30 37 69
18 115 21
34,727 24,471 5,769
0.7 2.0 7.3
83 71 75
79 91 81
63 73 71
90 96 93
47 77 55
34 49 39
56 86 76
31.0
14.0
36 26 36
13.6 22.4 41.4
9.5 12.1 10.4
3.0 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
1.1 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.6 0.4 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
5.3 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle
income
group
Population (millions) 5.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 121 GDP ($ billions) 5.3
Nicaragua
Green08 0421.indd 157 4/22/08 11:36:52 AM

168. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
158 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 14 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,267 GDP ($ billions) 3.7
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
270 829 649
17.0 35.8 30.4
4.1 4.1 3.1
3.5 2.6 2.0
30 44 45
0.5 3.5 24.0
3 .. ..
76 351 544
1.0 26.5 23.9
2.8 0.7 0.6
7.7 11.3 9.9
616
20
1,460
2
0.9
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.09 0.92 0.90
15.7 46.3 55.7
149 60 74
4 .. 8
264 5,093 3,077
62.3 3.1 18.9
95 87 89
46 56 75
36 42 69
80 80 88
13 37 38
4 28 28
43 53 60
11.8
40.0
253 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
7.4 10.7 9.0
2.3 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
2.6 0.4 0.6
0.3 0.6 1.0
0.9 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Niger
Green08 0421.indd 158 4/22/08 11:36:52 AM

169. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
159The Little Green Data Book 2008
620 829 649
49.0 35.8 30.4
4.8 4.1 3.1
2.7 2.6 2.0
81 44 45
0.8 3.5 24.0
67 .. ..
229 351 544
12.2 26.5 23.9
2.9 0.7 0.6
6.0 11.3 9.9
1,189
79
4,715
171
6.6
2.1 2.7 3.8
734 681 486
78.0 56.3 41.7
127 542 391
66.2 76.1 72.4
33.8 20.1 24.8
0.6 0.6 0.5
0.8 0.9 0.9
151.3 46.3 55.7
62 60 74
17 .. 8
1,563 5,093 3,077
3.6 3.1 18.9
69 87 89
48 56 75
31 42 69
67 80 88
44 37 38
36 28 28
53 53 60
10.0
15.3
191 157 112
38.8 19.4 30.5
10.2 10.7 9.0
0.9 3.8 3.4
57.7 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.2 0.4 0.6
0.4 0.6 1.0
0.7 0.4 0.7
–29.6 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 145 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 911 GDP ($ billions) 115.3
Nigeria
Green08 0421.indd 159 4/22/08 11:36:52 AM

170. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
160 2008 The Little Green Data Book
.. 1,856 5,913
94.7 42.4 75.0
.. 3.5 1.4
.. 1.1 0.9
7 51 30
.. .. 9.0
.. .. 672
442 547 112
71.7 28.4 38.8
0.4 0.1 0.2
2.2 12.1 10.9
99
30
..
5
1.7
.. 3.3 4.6
.. 1,182 2,248
.. 15.5 6.5
.. 1,492 3,131
.. 81.9 61.9
.. 15.6 27.8
.. 0.9 0.6
.. 3.3 5.6
.. 97.7 –7.7
.. 73 33
.. 14 140
.. 5,022 17,199
.. 11.1 4.0
.. 74 54
99 79 93
97 70 78
98 92 98
95 51 81
96 36 60
94 72 89
..
..
.. 29 26
.. 47.2 22.3
.. 10.3 11.4
.. 2.1 4.4
.. 7.1 14.4
.. 0.9 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 1.2 0.7
.. 1.3 0.4
.. 28.5 –2.2
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 82 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ billions) ..
Northern Mariana Islands
Green08 0421.indd 160 4/22/08 11:36:52 AM

171. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
161The Little Green Data Book 2008
68,440 36,608
77.5 77.6
1.0 1.1
0.6 0.7
3 36
.. 11.0
1,909 1,188
121 325
30.8 29.5
–0.2 –0.1
6.5 13.0
525
32
1,715
2
1.6
6.8 6.0
6,948 5,498
4.1 3.2
25,137 9,760
0.4 62.5
98.9 11.5
0.4 0.4
19.1 13.2
163.7 22.4
20 27
439 467
82,625 9,579
0.6 10.2
11 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
38.8 19.9
13.3 13.0
7.0 4.7
23.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.1 0.3
9.2 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 304 GDP ($ billions) 334.9
Norway
Green08 0421.indd 161 4/22/08 11:36:52 AM

172. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
162 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 2.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 30.8
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
11,120 2,507 5,913
71.5 57.5 75.0
2.6 2.6 1.4
2.0 2.0 0.9
6 22 30
90.0 33.8 9.0
6,168 1,050 672
1,152 672 112
0.0 2.4 38.8
0.0 –0.4 0.2
0.1 3.4 10.9
557
50
1,204
6
4.4
3.7 4.7 4.6
5,570 1,270 2,248
0.0 1.1 6.5
3,757 1,358 3,131
100.0 92.5 61.9
0.0 7.4 27.8
0.6 0.7 0.6
12.5 3.9 5.6
200.8 101.1 –7.7
132 77 33
156 34 140
399 757 17,199
136.0 105.0 4.0
90 89 54
82 89 93
73 81 78
85 96 98
88 76 81
61 58 60
97 92 89
6.2
6.7
12 42 26
.. .. 22.3
.. 10.9 11.4
3.7 4.6 4.4
.. 40.0 14.4
.. 0.3 2.0
0.0 0.1 0.0
.. 1.1 0.7
1.4 0.6 0.4
.. .. –2.2
Oman
Green08 0421.indd 162 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

173. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
163The Little Green Data Book 2008
800 768 649
35.3 28.8 30.4
3.3 2.7 3.1
2.4 1.8 2.0
35 55 45
85.4 39.2 24.0
1,913 1,391 ..
477 619 544
2.5 16.8 23.9
1.9 –0.1 0.6
9.5 6.0 9.9
820
78
4,950
2
5.1
4.5 4.6 3.8
490 453 486
35.5 31.5 41.7
456 432 391
64.5 79.9 72.4
32.9 16.7 24.8
0.4 0.5 0.5
0.8 1.1 0.9
84.6 97.0 55.7
120 81 74
10 8 8
336 1,230 3,077
323.3 51.8 18.9
96 90 89
91 84 75
89 81 69
96 94 88
59 37 38
41 27 28
92 63 60
24.0
26.0
97 83 112
23.1 32.1 30.5
8.4 8.9 9.0
1.8 3.5 3.4
7.2 4.5 9.4
0.0 0.9 1.3
0.4 0.5 0.6
0.8 1.1 1.0
1.5 0.8 0.7
6.8 18.8 11.9
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 159 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 771 GDP ($ billions) 126.8
Pakistan
Green08 0421.indd 163 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

174. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
164 2008 The Little Green Data Book
7,990 1,856 5,913
69.7 42.4 75.0
.. 3.5 1.4
.. 1.1 0.9
20 51 30
.. .. 9.0
.. .. 672
153 547 112
87.0 28.4 38.8
–0.3 0.1 0.2
0.0 12.1 10.9
120
22
..
4
1.5
.. 3.3 4.6
.. 1,182 2,248
.. 15.5 6.5
.. 1,492 3,131
.. 81.9 61.9
.. 15.6 27.8
1.0 0.9 0.6
11.9 3.3 5.6
.. 97.7 –7.7
.. 73 33
.. 14 140
.. 5,022 17,199
.. 11.1 4.0
.. 74 54
85 79 93
94 70 78
79 92 98
80 51 81
52 36 60
96 72 89
..
..
11 29 26
.. 47.2 22.3
12.0 10.3 11.4
.. 2.1 4.4
0.0 7.1 14.4
0.0 0.9 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
1.2 1.2 0.7
.. 1.3 0.4
.. 28.5 –2.2
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 20 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 157
Palau
Green08 0421.indd 164 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

175. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
165The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 3.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 74 GDP ($ billions) 17.1
5,000 4,785 5,913
71.6 77.7 75.0
3.7 2.1 1.4
1.9 1.5 0.9
30 36 30
6.2 12.5 9.0
343 1,003 672
172 241 112
57.7 45.4 38.8
0.1 0.5 0.2
17.6 19.7 10.9
1,145
121
9,915
194
11.7
10.5 7.0 4.6
804 1,198 2,248
16.1 14.8 6.5
1,500 1,715 3,131
35.7 37.0 61.9
63.9 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.8 2.5 5.6
80.8 29.6 –7.7
35 37 33
73 115 140
45,613 24,471 17,199
0.6 2.0 4.0
28 71 54
90 91 93
79 73 78
99 96 98
73 77 81
51 49 60
89 86 89
..
12.6
23 26 26
18.6 22.4 22.3
12.3 12.1 11.4
4.4 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 0.7
0.2 0.4 0.4
10.2 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Panama
Green08 0421.indd 165 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

176. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
166 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 6.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 453 GDP ($ billions) 5.7
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
740 1,856 649
13.5 42.4 30.4
2.7 3.5 3.1
2.5 1.1 2.0
2 51 45
.. .. 24.0
714 .. ..
2,190 547 544
65.0 28.4 23.9
0.5 0.1 0.6
1.6 12.1 9.9
980
158
11,544
142
27.7
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
.. 81.9 72.4
.. 15.6 24.8
0.2 0.9 0.5
0.4 3.3 0.9
0.8 97.7 55.7
24 73 74
.. 14 8
131,967 5,022 3,077
.. 11.1 18.9
.. 74 89
39 79 75
32 70 69
88 92 88
44 51 38
41 36 28
67 72 60
12.6
16.5
73 29 112
.. 47.2 30.5
10.2 10.3 9.0
.. 2.1 3.4
23.8 7.1 9.4
48.5 0.9 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
0.4 1.2 1.0
0.0 1.3 0.7
.. 28.5 11.9
Papua New Guinea
Green08 0421.indd 166 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

177. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
167The Little Green Data Book 2008
1,410 4,785 2,038
59.1 77.7 47.3
3.4 2.1 3.0
2.2 1.5 1.1
61 36 42
1.7 12.5 26.3
542 1,003 2,057
58 241 531
46.5 45.4 26.5
0.9 0.5 0.1
4.2 19.7 12.8
864
39
7,851
10
3.3
5.7 7.0 3.6
674 1,198 1,216
54.8 14.8 12.8
849 1,715 1,502
0.0 37.0 78.6
100.0 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
0.7 2.5 3.4
84.8 29.6 71.1
84 37 69
.. 115 21
15,936 24,471 5,769
0.5 2.0 7.3
71 71 75
86 91 81
68 73 71
99 96 93
80 77 55
61 49 39
94 86 76
17.3
16.1
22 26 36
7.3 22.4 41.4
9.9 12.1 10.4
4.1 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
0.0 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 1.2
0.7 0.4 1.1
0.5 1.8 18.9
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 6.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 397 GDP ($ billions) 9.3
Paraguay
Green08 0421.indd 167 4/22/08 11:36:53 AM

178. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
168 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 28 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,280 GDP ($ billions) 92.4
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,980 4,785 2,038
72.8 77.7 47.3
1.8 2.1 3.0
1.5 1.5 1.1
17 36 42
27.8 12.5 26.3
817 1,003 2,057
202 241 531
53.7 45.4 26.5
0.1 0.5 0.1
16.9 19.7 12.8
2,222
238
17,144
274
36.3
12.7 7.0 3.6
506 1,198 1,216
16.4 14.8 12.8
848 1,715 1,502
21.1 37.0 78.6
78.3 57.6 16.8
0.2 0.3 0.8
1.2 2.5 3.4
49.7 29.6 71.1
61 37 69
30 115 21
59,250 24,471 5,769
1.2 2.0 7.3
82 71 75
83 91 81
65 73 71
89 96 93
63 77 55
32 49 39
74 86 76
20.4
15.4
25 26 36
25.1 22.4 41.4
12.0 12.1 10.4
2.5 4.4 2.5
3.2 9.1 11.1
14.8 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 1.2
0.7 0.4 1.1
–3.4 1.8 18.9
Peru
Green08 0421.indd 168 4/22/08 11:36:54 AM

179. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
169The Little Green Data Book 2008
1,390 1,856 2,038
63.4 42.4 47.3
3.8 3.5 3.0
2.1 1.1 1.1
41 51 42
14.5 .. 26.3
1,426 .. 2,057
553 547 531
24.0 28.4 26.5
2.6 0.1 0.1
8.2 12.1 12.8
812
253
8,931
213
33.7
5.6 3.3 3.6
528 1,182 1,216
24.4 15.5 12.8
588 1,492 1,502
67.7 81.9 78.6
14.8 15.6 16.8
0.3 0.9 0.8
1.0 3.3 3.4
83.2 97.7 71.1
26 73 69
9 14 21
5,664 5,022 5,769
6.0 11.1 7.3
74 74 75
85 79 81
82 70 71
87 92 93
72 51 55
59 36 39
80 72 76
10.0
7.4
32 29 36
30.5 47.2 41.4
8.4 10.3 10.4
2.4 2.1 2.5
0.7 7.1 11.1
1.2 0.9 1.1
0.1 0.0 0.0
0.5 1.2 1.2
0.3 1.3 1.1
21.7 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 86 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 298 GDP ($ billions) 117.6
Philippines
Green08 0421.indd 169 4/22/08 11:36:54 AM

180. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
170 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 38 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 306 GDP ($ billions) 338.7
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
8,210 4,815 5,913
62.2 63.8 75.0
0.1 0.2 1.4
0.0 0.1 0.9
52 28 30
0.6 10.9 9.0
1,281 400 672
119 129 112
30.0 38.3 38.8
–0.2 –0.0 0.2
23.1 7.0 10.9
534
38
2,450
4
0.6
5.6 3.3 4.6
2,436 2,826 2,248
5.1 2.2 6.5
3,437 3,633 3,131
97.3 66.1 61.9
1.4 17.5 27.8
0.6 0.8 0.6
8.0 7.1 5.6
–11.7 –30.2 –7.7
37 29 33
323 152 140
1,404 11,473 17,199
30.2 7.5 4.0
8 59 54
.. 92 93
.. 80 78
100 99 98
.. 85 81
.. 70 60
.. 93 89
..
..
7 26 26
18.8 22.6 22.3
12.8 10.3 11.4
5.4 4.1 4.4
1.3 18.4 14.4
1.1 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.8 1.1 0.7
0.4 0.5 0.4
7.8 –4.9 –2.2
Poland
Green08 0421.indd 170 4/22/08 11:36:54 AM

181. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
171The Little Green Data Book 2008
17,850 36,608
58.2 77.6
1.6 1.1
0.4 0.7
40 36
23.8 11.0
1,709 1,188
354 325
41.3 29.5
–1.3 –0.1
5.1 13.0
606
147
5,050
16
3.8
7.7 6.0
2,575 5,498
10.8 3.2
4,663 9,760
81.5 62.5
10.2 11.5
0.3 0.4
5.6 13.2
39.1 22.4
28 27
471 467
3,602 9,579
29.6 10.2
78 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
5 7
12.7 19.9
17.4 13.0
5.7 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.2 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.3
0.1 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 11 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 92 GDP ($ billions) 194.7
Portugal
Green08 0421.indd 171 4/22/08 11:36:54 AM

182. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
172 2008 The Little Green Data Book
10,950 36,608
97.8 77.6
2.6 1.1
0.7 0.7
25 36
15.7 11.0
.. 1,188
132 325
46.0 29.5
–0.1 –0.1
3.5 13.0
348
47
2,493
53
3.8
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
0.5 13.2
.. 22.4
21 27
.. 467
1,815 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 8.9 GDP ($ billions) 67.9
Puerto Rico
Green08 0421.indd 172 4/22/08 11:36:54 AM

183. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
173The Little Green Data Book 2008
.. 36,608
95.5 77.6
3.7 1.1
3.5 0.7
6 36
61.9 11.0
4,083 1,188
203 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
0.0 13.0
159
13
355
..
0.1
3.6 6.0
19,877 5,498
0.0 3.2
16,801 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
1.0 0.4
69.2 13.2
334.0 22.4
54 27
335 467
126 9,579
290.0 10.2
72 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
8.8
21 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 821 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 11 GDP ($ billions) 42.5
Qatar
Green08 0421.indd 173 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

184. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
174 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 22 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 230 GDP ($ billions) 121.6
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
4,830 4,815 5,913
53.9 63.8 75.0
–0.5 0.2 1.4
–0.5 0.1 0.9
63 28 30
0.5 10.9 9.0
497 400 672
108 129 112
27.7 38.3 38.8
0.0 –0.0 0.2
2.5 7.0 10.9
466
64
3,400
1
..
5.3 3.3 4.6
1,772 2,826 2,248
8.5 2.2 6.5
2,342 3,633 3,131
56.6 66.1 61.9
34.0 17.5 27.8
0.5 0.8 0.6
4.2 7.1 5.6
–41.7 –30.2 –7.7
14 29 33
149 152 140
1,955 11,473 17,199
54.8 7.5 4.0
57 59 54
57 92 93
16 80 78
91 99 98
.. 85 81
.. 70 60
89 93 89
..
..
18 26 26
13.0 22.6 22.3
12.0 10.3 11.4
3.3 4.1 4.4
4.5 18.4 14.4
0.2 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 1.1 0.7
0.0 0.5 0.4
–1.2 –4.9 –2.2
Romania
Green08 0421.indd 174 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

185. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
175The Little Green Data Book 2008
5,770 4,815 5,913
72.9 63.8 75.0
–0.3 0.2 1.4
–0.2 0.1 0.9
13 28 30
3.6 10.9 9.0
159 400 672
32 129 112
49.4 38.3 38.8
0.0 –0.0 0.2
7.9 7.0 10.9
941
153
11,400
7
37.1
2.6 3.3 4.6
4,517 2,826 2,248
1.1 2.2 6.5
5,785 3,633 3,131
65.8 66.1 61.9
18.2 17.5 27.8
1.0 0.8 0.6
10.6 7.1 5.6
–32.6 –30.2 –7.7
19 29 33
161 152 140
30,127 11,473 17,199
1.8 7.5 4.0
18 59 54
97 92 93
88 80 78
100 99 98
87 85 81
70 70 60
93 93 89
..
..
16 26 26
30.7 22.6 22.3
7.0 10.3 11.4
3.5 4.1 4.4
37.5 18.4 14.4
1.9 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.4 1.1 0.7
0.3 0.5 0.4
–13.8 –4.9 –2.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 143 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 16,381 GDP ($ billions) 986.9
Russian Federation
Green08 0421.indd 175 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

186. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
176 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 9.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 25 GDP ($ billions) 2.5
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
250 829 649
20.2 35.8 30.4
9.9 4.1 3.1
1.6 2.6 2.0
79 44 45
0.6 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
621 351 544
19.5 26.5 23.9
–2.8 0.7 0.6
7.9 11.3 9.9
871
49
2,288
3
1.1
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.09 0.57 0.53
0.06 0.92 0.90
8.3 46.3 55.7
28 60 74
.. .. 8
1,029 5,093 3,077
1.6 3.1 18.9
68 87 89
74 56 75
69 42 69
92 80 88
42 37 38
38 28 28
56 53 60
17.1
14.1
160 157 112
13.9 19.4 30.5
7.4 10.7 9.0
3.5 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
2.3 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
7.3 –10.0 11.9
Rwanda
Green08 0421.indd 176 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

187. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
177The Little Green Data Book 2008
2,270 1,856 2,038
22.6 42.4 47.3
1.3 3.5 3.0
0.9 1.1 1.1
33 51 42
.. .. 26.3
18 .. 2,057
476 547 531
60.4 28.4 26.5
–1.8 0.1 0.1
3.2 12.1 12.8
55
..
..
..
1.9
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
0.2 0.9 0.8
0.8 3.3 3.4
20.6 97.7 71.1
.. 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
88 79 81
87 70 71
90 92 93
100 51 55
100 36 39
100 72 76
..
..
28 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
10.6 10.3 10.4
4.0 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
1.0 0.0 0.0
0.3 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 185 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2.8 GDP ($ millions) 424
Samoa
Green08 0421.indd 177 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

188. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
178 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (thousands) 29 Land area (sq. km) 60 GDP ($ billions) 1.7
Country
data
High-
income
group
45,130 36,608
97.5 77.6
.. 1.1
.. 0.7
17 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
79 325
.. 29.5
.. –0.1
.. 13.0
9
0
..
0
..
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
.. 13.2
.. 22.4
10 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
3 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
.. 0.0
0.0 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
San Marino
Green08 0421.indd 178 4/22/08 11:36:55 AM

189. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
179The Little Green Data Book 2008
800 829 649
58.8 35.8 30.4
3.7 4.1 3.1
1.8 2.6 2.0
59 44 45
18.2 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
712 351 544
28.1 26.5 23.9
0.0 0.7 0.6
.. 11.3 9.9
126
28
895
35
3.0
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.5 0.6 0.5
0.6 0.9 0.9
38.9 46.3 55.7
49 60 74
.. .. 8
14,415 5,093 3,077
.. 3.1 18.9
.. 87 89
79 56 75
73 42 69
89 80 88
25 37 38
20 28 28
32 53 60
5.0
..
96 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
9.1 10.7 9.0
.. 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.7 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (thousands) 155 Land area (sq. km) 960 GDP ($ millions) 123
São Tomé and Principe
Green08 0421.indd 179 4/22/08 11:36:56 AM

190. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
180 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 24 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,000 GDP ($ billions) 349.1
Country
data
High-
income
group
13,980 36,608
81.2 77.6
2.7 1.1
2.3 0.7
.. 36
42.7 11.0
939 1,188
126 325
1.4 29.5
0.0 –0.1
41.0 13.0
527
45
2,028
3
3.4
3.5 6.0
6,068 5,498
0.0 3.2
6,813 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.7 0.4
13.7 13.2
21.0 22.4
120 27
415 467
104 9,579
721.7 10.2
89 42
96 99
63 98
97 100
99 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
25 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
7.2 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
0.0 0.0
.. 0.3
1.4 0.3
.. 9.3
Saudi Arabia
Green08 0421.indd 180 4/22/08 11:36:56 AM

191. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
181The Little Green Data Book 2008
760 829 649
41.9 35.8 30.4
3.1 4.1 3.1
2.7 2.6 2.0
43 44 45
4.8 3.5 24.0
254 .. ..
270 351 544
45.0 26.5 23.9
0.5 0.7 0.6
11.2 11.3 9.9
803
55
2,086
7
1.3
6.0 2.7 3.8
258 681 486
39.2 56.3 41.7
151 542 391
81.8 76.1 72.4
10.5 20.1 24.8
0.3 0.6 0.5
0.4 0.9 0.9
59.3 46.3 55.7
95 60 74
.. .. 8
2,192 5,093 3,077
8.6 3.1 18.9
93 87 89
76 56 75
60 42 69
92 80 88
57 37 38
34 28 28
79 53 60
6.6
15.1
116 157 112
18.8 19.4 30.5
9.0 10.7 9.0
4.6 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.1 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.4 0.6 1.0
1.1 0.4 0.7
12.6 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 193 GDP ($ billions) 9.2
Senegal
Green08 0421.indd 181 4/22/08 11:36:56 AM

192. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
182 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 7.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 88 GDP ($ billions) 32.0
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
4,030 4,815 5,913
.. 63.8 75.0
.. 0.2 1.4
–0.1 0.1 0.9
.. 28 30
.. 10.9 9.0
.. 400 672
.. 129 112
.. 38.3 38.8
.. –0.0 0.2
.. 7.0 10.9
..
..
..
..
..
.. 3.3 4.6
.. 2,826 2,248
.. 2.2 6.5
.. 3,633 3,131
.. 66.1 61.9
.. 17.5 27.8
.. 0.8 0.6
.. 7.1 5.6
.. –30.2 –7.7
.. 29 33
.. 152 140
.. 11,473 17,199
.. 7.5 4.0
.. 59 54
.. 92 93
.. 80 78
.. 99 98
.. 85 81
.. 70 60
.. 93 89
..
..
8 26 26
.. 22.6 22.3
.. 10.3 11.4
.. 4.1 4.4
.. 18.4 14.4
.. 1.1 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
.. 1.1 0.7
.. 0.5 0.4
.. –4.9 –2.2
Serbia
Green08 0421.indd 182 4/22/08 11:36:56 AM

193. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
183The Little Green Data Book 2008
8,870 829 5,913
53.4 35.8 75.0
1.7 4.1 1.4
1.2 2.6 0.9
13 44 30
.. 3.5 9.0
.. .. 672
3,905 351 112
87.0 26.5 38.8
0.0 0.7 0.2
8.3 11.3 10.9
263
48
250
45
4.7
.. 2.7 4.6
.. 681 2,248
.. 56.3 6.5
.. 542 3,131
.. 76.1 61.9
.. 20.1 27.8
0.5 0.6 0.6
6.6 0.9 5.6
380.6 46.3 –7.7
.. 60 33
74 .. 140
.. 5,093 17,199
.. 3.1 4.0
.. 87 54
88 56 93
75 42 78
100 80 98
.. 37 81
100 28 60
.. 53 89
..
..
13 157 26
10.0 19.4 22.3
13.1 10.7 11.4
5.3 3.8 4.4
0.0 18.7 14.4
0.0 2.3 2.0
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.5 0.6 0.7
.. 0.4 0.4
1.6 –10.0 –2.2
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 85 Land area (sq. km) 460 GDP ($ millions) 775
Seychelles
Green08 0421.indd 183 4/22/08 11:36:56 AM

194. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
184 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 5.7 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 72 GDP ($ billions) 1.5
240 829 649
41.4 35.8 30.4
4.1 4.1 3.1
2.1 2.6 2.0
40 44 45
4.7 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
552 351 544
38.5 26.5 23.9
0.7 0.7 0.6
4.5 11.3 9.9
823
48
2,090
47
1.5
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.3 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
197.8 46.3 55.7
57 60 74
2 .. 8
28,641 5,093 3,077
0.2 3.1 18.9
92 87 89
57 56 75
46 42 69
75 80 88
39 37 38
30 28 28
53 53 60
8.7
25.3
270 157 112
9.7 19.4 30.5
7.5 10.7 9.0
4.5 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
1.7 0.4 0.6
0.5 0.6 1.0
1.1 0.4 0.7
3.5 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Sierra Leone
Green08 0421.indd 184 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

195. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
185The Little Green Data Book 2008
Country
data
High-
income
group
28,730 36,608
100.0 77.6
2.4 1.1
2.4 0.7
1 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
0 325
2.9 29.5
0.0 –0.1
4.2 13.0
473
44
2,282
54
0.1
6.0 6.0
6,933 5,498
0.0 3.2
8,358 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
0.3 0.4
12.3 13.2
15.9 22.4
40 27
101 467
138 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
100 99
.. 98
100 100
100 100
.. ..
100 100
..
..
3 7
47.8 19.9
15.0 13.0
2.5 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.4 0.3
0.8 0.3
34.0 9.3
Population (millions) 4.5 Land area (sq. km) 689 GDP ($ billions) 132.2
Singapore
Green08 0421.indd 185 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

196. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
186 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 5.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 48 GDP ($ billions) 55.0
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
9,610 4,815 5,913
56.3 63.8 75.0
0.1 0.2 1.4
0.1 0.1 0.9
40 28 30
1.8 10.9 9.0
1,125 400 672
170 129 112
40.1 38.3 38.8
–0.0 –0.0 0.2
22.8 7.0 10.9
419
44
3,124
2
0.1
4.5 3.3 4.6
3,496 2,826 2,248
2.4 2.2 6.5
4,920 3,633 3,131
28.5 66.1 61.9
14.8 17.5 27.8
0.4 0.8 0.6
6.7 7.1 5.6
–29.5 –30.2 –7.7
16 29 33
222 152 140
2,339 11,473 17,199
.. 7.5 4.0
.. 59 54
100 92 93
99 80 78
100 99 98
99 85 81
98 70 60
100 93 89
..
..
8 26 26
21.2 22.6 22.3
21.9 10.3 11.4
4.1 4.1 4.4
0.1 18.4 14.4
0.0 1.1 2.0
0.4 0.0 0.0
0.6 1.1 0.7
0.0 0.5 0.4
2.2 –4.9 –2.2
Slovak Republic
Green08 0421.indd 186 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

197. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
187The Little Green Data Book 2008
18,660 36,608
51.2 77.6
0.1 1.1
0.0 0.7
25 36
1.0 11.0
3,716 1,188
557 325
62.8 29.5
–0.4 –0.1
14.5 13.0
437
80
3,200
..
0.2
6.2 6.0
3,657 5,498
6.7 3.2
6,918 9,760
37.4 62.5
22.9 11.5
0.4 0.4
8.1 13.2
–10.1 22.4
31 27
471 467
9,348 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
4 7
26.3 19.9
13.5 13.0
5.6 4.7
5.1 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.2 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.3
12.5 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 2.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 20 GDP ($ billions) 37.3
Slovenia
Green08 0421.indd 187 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

198. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
188 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
690 1,856 649
17.3 42.4 30.4
4.2 3.5 3.1
2.7 1.1 2.0
3 51 45
.. .. 24.0
.. .. ..
2,178 547 544
77.6 28.4 23.9
1.6 0.1 0.6
0.1 12.1 9.9
320
61
3,172
16
4.5
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
.. 81.9 72.4
.. 15.6 24.8
0.2 0.9 0.5
0.4 3.3 0.9
9.1 97.7 55.7
35 73 74
.. 14 8
94,619 5,022 3,077
.. 11.1 18.9
.. 74 89
70 79 75
65 70 69
94 92 88
31 51 38
18 36 28
98 72 60
..
..
73 29 112
.. 47.2 30.5
8.7 10.3 9.0
3.8 2.1 3.4
0.0 7.1 9.4
0.4 0.9 1.3
6.5 0.0 0.6
0.4 1.2 1.0
0.2 1.3 0.7
.. 28.5 11.9
Population (thousands)484 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 28 GDP ($ millions) 336
Solomon Islands
Green08 0421.indd 188 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

199. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
189The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 8.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 627 GDP ($ billions) ..
.. 829 649
35.7 35.8 30.4
2.6 4.1 3.1
1.4 2.6 2.0
71 44 45
15.7 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
393 351 544
11.4 26.5 23.9
1.0 0.7 0.6
0.3 11.3 9.9
824
55
3,028
17
6.7
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
.. 0.6 0.5
.. 0.9 0.9
.. 46.3 55.7
32 60 74
.. .. 8
732 5,093 3,077
54.8 3.1 18.9
100 87 89
29 56 75
27 42 69
32 80 88
26 37 38
14 28 28
48 53 60
..
23.4
145 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
.. 10.7 9.0
.. 3.8 3.4
.. 18.7 9.4
.. 2.3 1.3
.. 0.4 0.6
.. 0.6 1.0
.. 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Somalia
Green08 0421.indd 189 4/22/08 11:36:57 AM

200. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
190 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 47 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 1,214 GDP ($ billions) 255.2
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
5,390 829 5,913
59.8 35.8 75.0
2.7 4.1 1.4
1.9 2.6 0.9
82 44 30
9.5 3.5 9.0
451 .. 672
129 351 112
7.6 26.5 38.8
0.0 0.7 0.2
6.1 11.3 10.9
1,149
323
23,420
73
23.5
3.1 2.7 4.6
2,722 681 2,248
10.5 56.3 6.5
4,847 542 3,131
94.1 76.1 61.9
0.9 20.1 27.8
1.2 0.6 0.6
9.4 0.9 5.6
31.6 46.3 –7.7
22 60 33
98 .. 140
955 5,093 17,199
27.9 3.1 4.0
63 87 54
88 56 93
73 42 78
99 80 98
65 37 81
46 28 60
79 53 89
19.0
13.2
69 157 26
14.2 19.4 22.3
11.9 10.7 11.4
5.3 3.8 4.4
3.5 18.7 14.4
3.1 2.3 2.0
0.1 0.4 0.0
1.1 0.6 0.7
0.1 0.4 0.4
–0.3 –10.0 –2.2
South Africa
Green08 0421.indd 190 4/22/08 11:36:58 AM

201. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
191The Little Green Data Book 2008
27,340 36,608
76.8 77.6
0.9 1.1
0.8 0.7
58 36
20.4 11.0
1,286 1,188
74 325
35.9 29.5
–1.9 –0.1
9.3 13.0
647
170
5,050
49
6.6
8.1 6.0
3,346 5,498
3.5 3.2
6,147 9,760
63.4 62.5
6.7 11.5
0.3 0.4
7.7 13.2
55.7 22.4
34 27
445 467
2,562 9,579
32.0 10.2
68 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
4 7
22.4 19.9
14.5 13.0
3.9 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.3
11.2 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 44 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 499 GDP ($ billions)1,224.7
Spain
Green08 0421.indd 191 4/22/08 11:36:58 AM

202. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
192 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 20 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 65 GDP ($ billions) 27.0
Country
data
South
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,310 768 2,038
15.1 28.8 47.3
0.2 2.7 3.0
1.0 1.8 1.1
36 55 42
38.8 39.2 26.3
3,071 1,391 2,057
1,823 619 531
29.9 16.8 26.5
1.3 –0.1 0.1
27.3 6.0 12.8
504
177
3,314
280
6.6
7.2 4.6 3.6
477 453 1,216
52.9 31.5 12.8
378 432 1,502
60.6 79.9 78.6
39.4 16.7 16.8
0.2 0.5 0.8
0.6 1.1 3.4
206.6 97.0 71.1
94 81 69
13 8 21
2,542 1,230 5,769
25.2 51.8 7.3
95 90 75
79 84 81
74 81 71
98 94 93
91 37 55
89 27 39
98 63 76
..
5.0
13 83 36
24.9 32.1 41.4
9.7 8.9 10.4
2.6 3.5 2.5
0.0 4.5 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
0.3 0.5 0.0
0.3 1.1 1.2
0.4 0.8 1.1
16.7 18.8 18.9
Sri Lanka
Green08 0421.indd 192 4/22/08 11:36:58 AM

203. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
193The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (thousands) 48 Land area (sq. km) 260 GDP ($ millions) 477
8,460 4,785 5,913
32.2 77.7 75.0
0.4 2.1 1.4
0.9 1.5 0.9
38 36 30
.. 12.5 9.0
.. 1,003 672
465 241 112
19.2 45.4 38.8
0.0 0.5 0.2
0.0 19.7 10.9
139
..
659
..
0.1
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
2.7 2.5 5.6
88.9 29.6 –7.7
18 37 33
.. 115 140
.. 24,471 17,199
.. 2.0 4.0
.. 71 54
100 91 93
99 73 78
99 96 98
95 77 81
96 49 60
96 86 89
..
..
19 26 26
21.3 22.4 22.3
13.7 12.1 11.4
4.0 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
0.1 0.4 0.4
.. 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
St. Kitts and Nevis
Green08 0421.indd 193 4/22/08 11:36:58 AM

204. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
194 2008 The Little Green Data Book
5,060 4,785 5,913
27.7 77.7 75.0
1.0 2.1 1.4
1.3 1.5 0.9
33 36 30
16.7 12.5 9.0
.. 1,003 672
2,983 241 112
27.9 45.4 38.8
0.0 0.5 0.2
14.6 19.7 10.9
175
27
1,028
6
1.0
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.3 0.3 0.6
2.3 2.5 5.6
127.3 29.6 –7.7
30 37 33
.. 115 140
.. 24,471 17,199
.. 2.0 4.0
.. 71 54
98 91 93
98 73 78
98 96 98
89 77 81
89 49 60
89 86 89
..
..
14 26 26
2.3 22.4 22.3
12.8 12.1 11.4
5.6 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
.. 0.0 0.0
0.3 0.4 0.7
0.2 0.4 0.4
.. 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 166 Land area (sq. km) 610 GDP ($ millions) 899
St. Lucia
Green08 0421.indd 194 4/22/08 11:36:58 AM

205. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
195The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (thousands) 120 Land area (sq. km) 390 GDP ($ millions) 423
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
3,320 4,785 5,913
46.3 77.7 75.0
1.4 2.1 1.4
0.6 1.5 0.9
26 36 30
12.5 12.5 9.0
.. 1,003 672
1,289 241 112
28.2 45.4 38.8
–1.3 0.5 0.2
11.3 19.7 10.9
185
25
1,166
5
1.1
.. 7.0 4.6
.. 1,198 2,248
.. 14.8 6.5
.. 1,715 3,131
.. 37.0 61.9
.. 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.7 2.5 5.6
145.5 29.6 –7.7
33 37 33
99 115 140
.. 24,471 17,199
.. 2.0 4.0
.. 71 54
.. 91 93
93 73 78
.. 96 98
.. 77 81
96 49 60
.. 86 89
..
..
20 26 26
–3.6 22.4 22.3
11.9 12.1 11.4
5.9 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
0.2 0.4 0.4
–10.2 1.8 –2.2
St. Vincent Grenadines
Green08 0421.indd 195 4/22/08 11:36:59 AM

206. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
196 2008 The Little Green Data Book
800 829 649
41.7 35.8 30.4
5.1 4.1 3.1
2.3 2.6 2.0
58 44 45
10.2 3.5 24.0
26 .. ..
112 351 544
28.4 26.5 23.9
0.8 0.7 0.6
5.2 11.3 9.9
1,254
47
3,137
17
5.5
3.4 2.7 3.8
499 681 486
79.5 56.3 41.7
94 542 391
70.0 76.1 72.4
30.0 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.3 0.9 0.9
92.6 46.3 55.7
173 60 74
.. .. 8
813 5,093 3,077
124.4 3.1 18.9
97 87 89
70 56 75
64 42 69
78 80 88
34 37 38
24 28 28
50 53 60
5.0
29.4
89 157 112
15.5 19.4 30.5
10.0 10.7 9.0
0.9 3.8 3.4
21.6 18.7 9.4
0.2 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.4 0.4 0.7
–16.2 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 38 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 2,376 GDP ($ billions) 37.4
Sudan
Green08 0421.indd 196 4/22/08 11:36:59 AM

207. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
197The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (thousands)455 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 156 GDP ($ billions) 2.1
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
4,210 4,785 2,038
74.2 77.7 47.3
1.3 2.1 3.0
0.8 1.5 1.1
1 36 42
75.0 12.5 26.3
504 1,003 2,057
197 241 531
94.7 45.4 26.5
0.0 0.5 0.1
11.8 19.7 12.8
877
40
5,018
26
3.0
.. 7.0 3.6
.. 1,198 1,216
.. 14.8 12.8
.. 1,715 1,502
.. 37.0 78.6
.. 57.6 16.8
0.7 0.3 0.8
5.1 2.5 3.4
26.1 29.6 71.1
32 37 69
171 115 21
194,489 24,471 5,769
0.8 2.0 7.3
93 71 75
92 91 81
73 73 71
98 96 93
94 77 55
76 49 39
99 86 76
4.0
14.8
39 26 36
–10.0 22.4 41.4
11.7 12.1 10.4
.. 4.4 2.5
0.0 9.1 11.1
4.7 3.0 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 0.4 1.2
0.5 0.4 1.1
.. 1.8 18.9
Suriname
Green08 0421.indd 197 4/22/08 11:36:59 AM

208. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
198 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 1.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 17 GDP ($ billions) 2.6
2,400 829 2,038
24.4 35.8 47.3
2.8 4.1 3.0
2.4 2.6 1.1
81 44 42
26.0 3.5 26.3
.. .. 2,057
482 351 531
31.5 26.5 26.5
–0.9 0.7 0.1
3.5 11.3 12.8
614
16
2,715
11
0.1
.. 2.7 3.6
.. 681 1,216
.. 56.3 12.8
.. 542 1,502
.. 76.1 78.6
.. 20.1 16.8
0.2 0.6 0.8
0.9 0.9 3.4
125.0 46.3 71.1
31 60 69
40 .. 21
2,299 5,093 5,769
40.1 3.1 7.3
97 87 75
62 56 81
54 42 71
87 80 93
48 37 55
44 28 39
59 53 76
10.0
..
164 157 36
18.6 19.4 41.4
10.4 10.7 10.4
6.2 3.8 2.5
0.0 18.7 11.1
0.0 2.3 1.1
0.0 0.4 0.0
0.3 0.6 1.2
0.1 0.4 1.1
14.1 –10.0 18.9
Swaziland
Green08 0421.indd 198 4/22/08 11:36:59 AM

209. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
199The Little Green Data Book 2008
43,530 36,608
84.3 77.6
0.5 1.1
0.4 0.7
8 36
4.3 11.0
889 1,188
53 325
67.1 29.5
–0.0 –0.1
10.9 13.0
542
30
1,750
3
0.3
5.5 6.0
5,782 5,498
17.2 3.2
15,440 9,760
2.5 62.5
46.0 11.5
0.2 0.4
5.9 13.2
7.2 22.4
12 27
460 467
18,949 9,579
1.7 10.2
9 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
3 7
24.8 19.9
12.1 13.0
7.3 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.5 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.0 0.3
19.4 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 9.1 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 410 GDP ($ billions) 383.8
Sweden
Green08 0421.indd 199 4/22/08 11:36:59 AM

210. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
200 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 7.5 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 40 GDP ($ billions) 380.4
Country
data
High-
income
group
58,050 36,608
75.6 77.6
1.3 1.1
0.7 0.7
38 36
5.8 11.0
2,230 1,188
450 325
30.5 29.5
–0.4 –0.1
29.6 13.0
475
44
3,030
3
0.2
9.6 6.0
3,651 5,498
7.1 3.2
8,305 9,760
1.8 62.5
54.1 11.5
0.2 0.4
5.5 13.2
–5.3 22.4
25 27
520 467
5,432 9,579
6.4 10.2
2 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
5 7
.. 19.9
13.5 13.0
5.1 4.7
0.0 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3
0.2 0.3
.. 9.3
Switzerland
Green08 0421.indd 200 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

211. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
201The Little Green Data Book 2008
1,560 2,507 2,038
50.8 57.5 47.3
2.9 2.6 3.0
2.6 2.0 1.1
76 22 42
24.3 33.8 26.3
985 1,050 2,057
192 672 531
2.5 2.4 26.5
–1.4 –0.4 0.1
1.5 3.4 12.8
432
59
3,000
0
0.9
4.2 4.7 3.6
948 1,270 1,216
0.0 1.1 12.8
1,411 1,358 1,502
90.1 92.5 78.6
9.9 7.4 16.8
0.9 0.7 0.8
3.7 3.9 3.4
90.4 101.1 71.1
79 77 69
12 34 21
370 757 5,769
285.0 105.0 7.3
95 89 75
93 89 81
87 81 71
98 96 93
90 76 55
81 58 39
99 92 76
18.0
8.6
14 42 36
17.6 .. 41.4
10.3 10.9 10.4
2.6 4.6 2.5
31.7 40.0 11.1
0.0 0.3 1.1
0.0 0.1 0.0
1.2 1.1 1.2
0.9 0.6 1.1
–24.0 .. 18.9
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 19 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 184 GDP ($ billions) 33.4
Syrian Arab Republic
Green08 0421.indd 201 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

212. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
202 2008 The Little Green Data Book
390 4,815 649
24.6 63.8 30.4
–0.1 0.2 3.1
1.4 0.1 2.0
30 28 45
68.3 10.9 24.0
.. 400 ..
530 129 544
2.9 38.3 23.9
–0.0 –0.0 0.6
18.6 7.0 9.9
427
27
5,000
14
0.7
2.8 3.3 3.8
528 2,826 486
0.0 2.2 41.7
2,267 3,633 391
2.3 66.1 72.4
97.7 17.5 24.8
0.6 0.8 0.5
0.8 7.1 0.9
–78.7 –30.2 55.7
52 29 74
.. 152 8
10,122 11,473 3,077
18.0 7.5 18.9
92 59 89
59 92 75
48 80 69
92 99 88
51 85 38
45 70 28
70 93 60
1.4
20.8
68 26 112
12.2 22.6 30.5
8.3 10.3 9.0
3.2 4.1 3.4
0.6 18.4 9.4
0.0 1.1 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
1.6 1.1 1.0
0.4 0.5 0.7
4.5 –4.9 11.9
Population (millions) 6.6 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 140 GDP ($ billions) 2.8
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
Tajikistan
Green08 0421.indd 202 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

213. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
203The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 39 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 886 GDP ($ billions) 12.8
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
350 829 649
24.6 35.8 30.4
4.4 4.1 3.1
2.7 2.6 2.0
39 44 45
1.8 3.5 24.0
104 .. ..
317 351 544
39.8 26.5 23.9
1.1 0.7 0.6
42.3 11.3 9.9
1,431
299
10,008
240
15.1
1.8 2.7 3.8
530 681 486
92.1 56.3 41.7
61 542 391
41.4 76.1 72.4
58.6 20.1 24.8
0.1 0.6 0.5
0.1 0.9 0.9
86.3 46.3 55.7
24 60 74
.. .. 8
2,183 5,093 3,077
6.2 3.1 18.9
89 87 89
62 56 75
49 42 69
85 80 88
47 37 38
43 28 28
53 53 60
8.1
12.6
118 157 112
11.4 19.4 30.5
7.8 10.7 9.0
2.4 3.8 3.4
0.3 18.7 9.4
4.7 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
0.6 –10.0 11.9
Tanzania
Green08 0421.indd 203 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

214. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
204 2008 The Little Green Data Book
3,050 1,856 2,038
32.6 42.4 47.3
1.6 3.5 3.0
1.0 1.1 1.1
36 51 42
28.2 .. 26.3
1,214 .. 2,057
300 547 531
28.4 28.4 26.5
0.6 0.1 0.1
15.7 12.1 12.8
1,271
157
11,625
86
8.0
4.4 3.3 3.6
1,588 1,182 1,216
16.5 15.5 12.8
1,988 1,492 1,502
93.1 81.9 78.6
4.4 15.6 16.8
0.6 0.9 0.8
4.3 3.3 3.4
179.8 97.7 71.1
77 73 69
54 14 21
3,333 5,022 5,769
41.5 11.1 7.3
95 74 75
99 79 81
100 70 71
98 92 93
99 51 55
99 36 39
98 72 76
..
..
8 29 36
32.1 47.2 41.4
11.2 10.3 10.4
4.7 2.1 2.5
5.8 7.1 11.1
0.1 0.9 1.1
0.2 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.2 1.2
0.4 1.3 1.1
18.1 28.5 18.9
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 63 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 511 GDP ($ billions) 206.3
Thailand
Green08 0421.indd 204 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

215. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
205The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 1.0 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 15 GDP ($ millions) 356
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
840 1,856 649
26.9 42.4 30.4
3.6 3.5 3.1
2.0 1.1 2.0
23 51 45
.. .. 24.0
.. .. ..
588 547 544
53.7 28.4 23.9
1.3 0.1 0.6
12.6 12.1 9.9
..
..
..
..
..
.. 3.3 3.8
.. 1,182 486
.. 15.5 41.7
.. 1,492 391
.. 81.9 72.4
.. 15.6 24.8
0.08 0.90 0.53
0.2 3.3 0.9
.. 97.7 55.7
.. 73 74
.. 14 8
.. 5,022 3,077
.. 11.1 18.9
.. 74 89
58 79 75
56 70 69
77 92 88
36 51 38
33 36 28
66 72 60
14.0
..
55 29 112
104.5 47.2 30.5
3.3 10.3 9.0
.. 2.1 3.4
.. 7.1 9.4
.. 0.9 1.3
.. 0.0 0.6
.. 1.2 1.0
.. 1.3 0.7
.. 28.5 11.9
Timor-Leste
Green08 0421.indd 205 4/22/08 11:37:00 AM

216. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
206 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 6.4 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 54 GDP ($ billions) 2.2
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
350 829 649
40.8 35.8 30.4
4.9 4.1 3.1
3.0 2.6 2.0
67 44 45
0.3 3.5 24.0
82 .. ..
150 351 544
7.1 26.5 23.9
3.8 0.7 0.6
11.9 11.3 9.9
740
33
3,085
10
0.4
2.3 2.7 3.8
320 681 486
79.4 56.3 41.7
94 542 391
60.4 76.1 72.4
39.6 20.1 24.8
0.5 0.6 0.5
0.4 0.9 0.9
207.3 46.3 55.7
36 60 74
.. .. 8
1,843 5,093 3,077
1.5 3.1 18.9
45 87 89
52 56 75
36 42 69
80 80 88
35 37 38
15 28 28
71 53 60
9.0
31.1
108 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
7.8 10.7 9.0
2.5 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.3 2.3 1.3
2.8 0.4 0.6
0.6 0.6 1.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Togo
Green08 0421.indd 206 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

217. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
207The Little Green Data Book 2008
2,250 1,856 2,038
24.3 42.4 47.3
0.8 3.5 3.0
0.3 1.1 1.1
42 51 42
.. .. 26.3
.. .. 2,057
503 547 531
5.6 28.4 26.5
0.0 0.1 0.1
8.6 12.1 12.8
51
17
463
4
0.6
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
0.2 0.9 0.8
1.2 3.3 3.4
52.4 97.7 71.1
.. 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
100 79 81
100 70 71
100 92 93
96 51 55
96 36 39
98 72 76
..
..
24 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
10.3 10.3 10.4
3.7 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (thousands) 100 Land area (sq. km) 720 GDP ($ millions) 223
Tonga
Green08 0421.indd 207 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

218. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
208 2008 The Little Green Data Book
12,500 36,608
12.5 77.6
2.9 1.1
0.5 0.7
26 36
3.3 11.0
8,913 1,188
1,550 325
44.1 29.5
0.3 –0.1
4.7 13.0
551
38
2,259
1
2.4
1.6 6.0
9,599 5,498
0.2 3.2
5,038 9,760
99.7 62.5
0.0 11.5
1.7 0.4
24.7 13.2
92.4 22.4
107 27
.. 467
2,871 9,579
8.2 10.2
6 42
91 99
88 98
92 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
38 7
.. 19.9
12.1 13.0
4.0 4.7
71.7 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
1.6 0.3
0.2 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 1.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 5.1 GDP ($ billions) 18.1
Trinidad and Tobago
Green08 0421.indd 208 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

219. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
209The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 10 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 155 GDP ($ billions) 30.3
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
2,970 2,507 2,038
65.7 57.5 47.3
2.0 2.6 3.0
1.4 2.0 1.1
63 22 42
7.4 33.8 26.3
644 1,050 2,057
128 672 531
6.8 2.4 26.5
–3.4 –0.4 0.1
1.5 3.4 12.8
438
52
2,196
0
0.5
7.6 4.7 3.6
843 1,270 1,216
13.3 1.1 12.8
1,194 1,358 1,502
98.6 92.5 78.6
1.1 7.4 16.8
0.4 0.7 0.8
2.3 3.9 3.4
72.5 101.1 71.1
32 77 69
83 34 21
419 757 5,769
62.9 105.0 7.3
82 89 75
93 89 81
82 81 71
99 96 93
85 76 55
65 58 39
96 92 76
9.0
5.8
23 42 36
26.9 .. 41.4
11.4 10.9 10.4
6.7 4.6 2.5
7.4 40.0 11.1
0.4 0.3 1.1
0.1 0.1 0.0
0.6 1.1 1.2
0.3 0.6 1.1
13.4 .. 18.9
Tunisia
Green08 0421.indd 209 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

220. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
210 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 73 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 770 GDP ($ billions) 402.7
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
5,400 4,815 5,913
67.8 63.8 75.0
2.5 0.2 1.4
1.6 0.1 0.9
54 28 30
19.6 10.9 9.0
852 400 672
99 129 112
13.2 38.3 38.8
–0.3 –0.0 0.2
2.6 7.0 10.9
581
121
8,650
3
6.0
6.6 3.3 4.6
1,182 2,826 2,248
6.3 2.2 6.5
1,898 3,633 3,131
75.4 66.1 61.9
24.4 17.5 27.8
0.4 0.8 0.6
3.2 7.1 5.6
54.6 –30.2 –7.7
43 29 33
80 152 140
3,150 11,473 17,199
16.5 7.5 4.0
74 59 54
96 92 93
93 80 78
98 99 98
88 85 81
72 70 60
96 93 89
29.0
29.7
26 26 26
16.6 22.6 22.3
11.7 10.3 11.4
3.5 4.1 4.4
0.4 18.4 14.4
0.1 1.1 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 1.1 0.7
1.2 0.5 0.4
6.2 –4.9 –2.2
Turkey
Green08 0421.indd 210 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

221. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
211The Little Green Data Book 2008
650 4,815 2,038
46.6 63.8 47.3
2.0 0.2 3.0
1.8 0.1 1.1
70 28 42
79.5 10.9 26.3
.. 400 2,057
113 129 531
8.8 38.3 26.5
0.0 –0.0 0.1
4.2 7.0 12.8
421
44
..
3
2.0
.. 3.3 3.6
3,381 2,826 1,216
0.0 2.2 12.8
1,731 3,633 1,502
100.0 66.1 78.6
0.0 17.5 16.8
.. 0.8 0.8
8.7 7.1 3.4
30.4 –30.2 71.1
56 29 69
.. 152 21
290 11,473 5,769
1,760.7 7.5 7.3
98 59 75
72 92 81
54 80 71
93 99 93
62 85 55
50 70 39
77 93 76
1.0
3.2
51 26 36
.. 22.6 41.4
11.0 10.3 10.4
.. 4.1 2.5
.. 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
.. 0.0 0.0
2.9 1.1 1.2
1.0 0.5 1.1
.. –4.9 18.9
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 4.9 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 470 GDP ($ billions) 10.5
Turkmenistan
Green08 0421.indd 211 4/22/08 11:37:01 AM

222. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
212 2008 The Little Green Data Book
300 829 649
12.7 35.8 30.4
4.1 4.1 3.1
3.2 2.6 2.0
64 44 45
0.1 3.5 24.0
11 .. ..
469 351 544
18.4 26.5 23.9
2.0 0.7 0.6
32.6 11.3 9.9
1,375
131
4,900
38
3.3
.. 2.7 3.8
.. 681 486
.. 56.3 41.7
.. 542 391
.. 76.1 72.4
.. 20.1 24.8
0.08 0.57 0.53
0.07 0.92 0.90
124.3 46.3 55.7
12 60 74
.. .. 8
1,347 5,093 3,077
0.8 3.1 18.9
40 87 89
60 56 75
56 42 69
87 80 88
43 37 38
41 28 28
54 53 60
22.0
19.6
134 157 112
14.7 19.4 30.5
7.7 10.7 9.0
4.0 3.8 3.4
0.0 18.7 9.4
0.0 2.3 1.3
4.5 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
.. 0.4 0.7
6.3 –10.0 11.9
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 30 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 197 GDP ($ billions) 9.4
Uganda
Green08 0421.indd 212 4/22/08 11:37:02 AM

223. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
213The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 47 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 579 GDP ($ billions) 106.5
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Lower
middle-
income
groupv
1,940 4,815 2,038
68.0 63.8 47.3
–0.5 0.2 3.0
–0.6 0.1 1.1
71 28 42
6.6 10.9 26.3
186 400 2,057
47 129 531
16.5 38.3 26.5
–0.2 –0.0 0.1
3.3 7.0 12.8
445
58
5,100
1
0.4
1.8 3.3 3.6
3,041 2,826 1,216
0.2 2.2 12.8
3,246 3,633 1,502
45.6 66.1 78.6
6.7 17.5 16.8
1.3 0.8 0.8
6.9 7.1 3.4
–51.8 –30.2 71.1
23 29 69
118 152 21
1,127 11,473 5,769
70.7 7.5 7.3
52 59 75
96 92 81
91 80 71
99 99 93
96 85 55
93 70 39
98 93 76
..
..
24 26 36
23.2 22.6 41.4
10.6 10.3 10.4
4.4 4.1 2.5
9.7 18.4 11.1
0.0 1.1 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
2.8 1.1 1.2
0.5 0.5 1.1
4.1 –4.9 18.9
Ukraine
Green08 0421.indd 213 4/22/08 11:37:02 AM

224. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
214 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Population (millions) 4.2 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 84 GDP ($ billions) 129.7
26,210 36,608
76.7 77.6
5.3 1.1
5.5 0.7
7 36
29.9 11.0
2,322 1,188
1,494 325
3.7 29.5
–1.6 –0.1
0.2 13.0
298
27
..
..
0.2
2.9 6.0
11,436 5,498
0.0 3.2
13,708 9,760
100.0 62.5
0.0 11.5
1.2 0.4
37.8 13.2
172.7 22.4
135 27
228 467
49 9,579
1,150.0 10.2
68 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
98 100
95 ..
98 100
..
..
8 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
United Arab Emirates
Green08 0421.indd 214 4/22/08 11:37:02 AM

225. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
215The Little Green Data Book 2008
40,560 36,608
89.8 77.6
0.4 1.1
0.3 0.7
70 36
3.0 11.0
2,898 1,188
108 325
11.8 29.5
–0.6 –0.1
25.0 13.0
660
38
1,623
13
2.1
8.1 6.0
3,884 5,498
1.7 3.2
6,253 9,760
74.2 62.5
1.2 11.5
0.3 0.4
9.8 13.2
1.3 22.4
16 27
457 467
2,408 9,579
6.6 10.2
3 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
6 7
14.2 19.9
10.2 13.0
5.3 4.7
2.2 1.5
0.0 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3
0.0 0.3
6.9 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (millions) 61 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 242 GDP ($ billions)2,377.0
United Kingdom
Green08 0421.indd 215 4/22/08 11:37:02 AM

226. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
216 2008 The Little Green Data Book
44,710 36,608
81.1 77.6
1.6 1.1
1.1 0.7
45 36
12.5 11.0
1,105 1,188
33 325
33.1 29.5
–0.1 –0.1
16.3 13.0
1,356
937
19,473
242
90.3
5.3 6.0
7,893 5,498
3.2 3.2
13,648 9,760
72.1 62.5
6.4 11.5
0.5 0.4
20.6 13.2
25.5 22.4
22 27
461 467
9,443 9,579
17.1 10.2
41 42
100 99
100 98
100 100
100 100
100 ..
100 100
..
..
8 7
14.1 19.9
12.2 13.0
4.8 4.7
1.8 1.5
0.1 0.2
0.0 0.0
0.3 0.3
0.3 0.3
4.1 9.3
Population (millions) 299 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 9,162 GDP ($ billions)13,163.9
Country
data
High-
income
group
United States
Green08 0421.indd 216 4/22/08 11:37:02 AM

227. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
217The Little Green Data Book 2008
5,310 4,785 5,913
92.1 77.7 75.0
0.6 2.1 1.4
0.4 1.5 0.9
85 36 30
14.9 12.5 9.0
1,356 1,003 672
19 241 112
8.6 45.4 38.8
–3.5 0.5 0.2
0.4 19.7 10.9
532
66
2,278
1
1.4
10.6 7.0 4.6
875 1,198 2,248
15.4 14.8 6.5
2,007 1,715 3,131
12.5 37.0 61.9
87.0 57.6 27.8
0.2 0.3 0.6
1.7 2.5 5.6
40.0 29.6 –7.7
161 37 33
151 115 140
17,848 24,471 17,199
5.3 2.0 4.0
96 71 54
100 91 93
100 73 78
100 96 98
100 77 81
99 49 60
100 86 89
..
..
12 26 26
14.3 22.4 22.3
12.1 12.1 11.4
2.6 4.4 4.4
0.0 9.1 14.4
0.0 3.0 2.0
0.2 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.4 0.7
1.9 0.4 0.4
2.6 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 3.3 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 175 GDP ($ billions) 19.3
Uruguay
Green08 0421.indd 217 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

228. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
218 2008 The Little Green Data Book
610 4,815 649
36.7 63.8 30.4
1.1 0.2 3.1
1.6 0.1 2.0
66 28 45
84.9 10.9 24.0
.. 400 ..
352 129 544
7.7 38.3 23.9
–0.5 –0.0 0.6
4.8 7.0 9.9
434
33
4,800
15
1.2
1.1 3.3 3.8
1,798 2,826 486
0.0 2.2 41.7
1,659 3,633 391
87.2 66.1 72.4
12.8 17.5 24.8
2.8 0.8 0.5
5.3 7.1 0.9
6.6 –30.2 55.7
61 29 74
.. 152 8
623 11,473 3,077
357.9 7.5 18.9
93 59 89
82 92 75
75 80 69
95 99 88
67 85 38
61 70 28
78 93 60
..
5.3
43 26 112
36.0 22.6 30.5
8.7 10.3 9.0
9.4 4.1 3.4
.. 18.4 9.4
0.0 1.1 1.3
0.0 0.0 0.6
6.3 1.1 1.0
0.9 0.5 0.7
.. –4.9 11.9
Population (millions) 27 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 425 GDP ($ billions) 17.2
Country
data
Europe
Central
Asia
group
Low-
income
group
Uzbekistan
Green08 0421.indd 218 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

229. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
219The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (thousands) 221 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 12 GDP ($ billions) 388
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,690 1,856 2,038
23.9 42.4 47.3
4.0 3.5 3.0
2.4 1.1 1.1
12 51 42
.. .. 26.3
.. .. 2,057
824 547 531
36.1 28.4 26.5
0.0 0.1 0.1
1.5 12.1 12.8
130
25
870
10
2.2
.. 3.3 3.6
.. 1,182 1,216
.. 15.5 12.8
.. 1,492 1,502
.. 81.9 78.6
.. 15.6 16.8
0.1 0.9 0.8
0.4 3.3 3.4
33.3 97.7 71.1
20 73 69
.. 14 21
.. 5,022 5,769
.. 11.1 7.3
.. 74 75
60 79 81
52 70 71
86 92 93
50 51 55
42 36 39
78 72 76
..
..
26 29 36
.. 47.2 41.4
10.9 10.3 10.4
5.9 2.1 2.5
0.0 7.1 11.1
0.0 0.9 1.1
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 1.2 1.2
.. 1.3 1.1
.. 28.5 18.9
Vanuatu
Green08 0421.indd 219 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

230. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
220 2008 The Little Green Data Book
6,070 4,785 5,913
93.7 77.7 75.0
2.6 2.1 1.4
2.0 1.5 0.9
25 36 30
16.9 12.5 9.0
1,655 1,003 672
66 241 112
54.1 45.4 38.8
0.6 0.5 0.2
73.1 19.7 10.9
1,745
166
21,073
68
26.8
4.3 7.0 4.6
2,293 1,198 2,248
0.9 14.8 6.5
2,848 1,715 3,131
26.1 37.0 61.9
73.9 57.6 27.8
0.7 0.3 0.6
6.6 2.5 5.6
47.0 29.6 –7.7
11 37 33
94 115 140
27,185 24,471 17,199
1.2 2.0 4.0
47 71 54
83 91 93
70 73 78
85 96 98
68 77 81
48 49 60
71 86 89
9.0
..
21 26 26
39.8 22.4 22.3
12.0 12.1 11.4
4.4 4.4 4.4
39.8 9.1 14.4
1.1 3.0 2.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.0 0.4 0.4
–9.5 1.8 –2.2
Country
data
Latin
America
Caribbean
group
Upper
middle-
income
group
Population (millions) 27 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 882 GDP ($ billions) 181.9
Venezuela, RB
Green08 0421.indd 220 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

231. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
221The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 84 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 310 GDP ($ billions) 61.0
Country
data
East Asia
Pacific
group
Low-
income
group
700 1,856 649
26.9 42.4 30.4
3.3 3.5 3.1
1.5 1.1 2.0
31 51 45
33.7 .. 24.0
3,007 .. ..
927 547 544
41.7 28.4 23.9
–2.2 0.1 0.6
4.4 12.1 9.9
1,116
152
10,500
146
11.7
3.5 3.3 3.8
617 1,182 486
46.7 15.5 41.7
573 1,492 391
59.9 81.9 72.4
40.1 15.6 24.8
0.6 0.9 0.5
1.2 3.3 0.9
361.0 97.7 55.7
61 73 74
.. 14 8
4,410 5,022 3,077
19.5 11.1 18.9
68 74 89
85 79 75
80 70 69
99 92 88
61 51 38
50 36 28
92 72 60
20.0
11.3
17 29 112
37.7 47.2 30.5
9.0 10.3 9.0
2.8 2.1 3.4
17.9 7.1 9.4
0.1 0.9 1.3
0.4 0.0 0.6
1.1 1.2 1.0
0.6 1.3 0.7
11.6 28.5 11.9
Vietnam
Green08 0421.indd 221 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

232. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
222 2008 The Little Green Data Book
.. 36,608
94.4 77.6
0.7 1.1
0.3 0.7
17 36
.. 11.0
.. 1,188
315 325
28.6 29.5
1.2 –0.1
0.3 13.0
234
22
..
11
0.3
.. 6.0
.. 5,498
.. 3.2
.. 9,760
.. 62.5
.. 11.5
.. 0.4
124.3 13.2
60.2 22.4
39 27
.. 467
.. 9,579
.. 10.2
.. 42
.. 99
.. 98
.. 100
.. 100
.. ..
.. 100
..
..
.. 7
.. 19.9
.. 13.0
.. 4.7
.. 1.5
.. 0.2
.. 0.0
.. 0.3
.. 0.3
.. 9.3
Country
data
High-
income
group
Population (thousands) 109 Land area (sq. km) 350 GDP ($ billions) ..
Virgin Islands (U.S.)
Green08 0421.indd 222 4/22/08 11:37:03 AM

233. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
223The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 3.8 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 6.0 GDP ($ billions) 4.1
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Lower
middle-
income
group
1,230 2,507 2,038
71.7 57.5 47.3
4.4 2.6 3.0
4.1 2.0 1.1
62 22 42
6.8 33.8 26.3
.. 1,050 2,057
962 672 531
1.5 2.4 26.5
0.0 –0.4 0.1
.. 3.4 12.8
..
..
..
..
..
.. 4.7 3.6
.. 1,270 1,216
.. 1.1 12.8
.. 1,358 1,502
.. 92.5 78.6
.. 7.4 16.8
.. 0.7 0.8
.. 3.9 3.4
.. 101.1 71.1
.. 77 69
29 34 21
.. 757 5,769
.. 105.0 7.3
.. 89 75
92 89 81
88 81 71
94 96 93
73 76 55
61 58 39
78 92 76
17.0
..
22 42 36
10.0 .. 41.4
9.1 10.9 10.4
.. 4.6 2.5
0.0 40.0 11.1
0.0 0.3 1.1
.. 0.1 0.0
.. 1.1 1.2
.. 0.6 1.1
.. .. 18.9
West Bank and Gaza
Green08 0421.indd 223 4/22/08 11:37:04 AM

234. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
224 2008 The Little Green Data Book
760 2,507 649
27.7 57.5 30.4
5.3 2.6 3.1
3.6 2.0 2.0
34 22 45
33.0 33.8 24.0
18 1,050 ..
1,012 672 544
1.0 2.4 23.9
0.0 –0.4 0.6
0.0 3.4 9.9
459
47
1,650
159
3.4
6.9 4.7 3.8
319 1,270 486
1.1 1.1 41.7
174 1,358 391
100.0 92.5 72.4
0.0 7.4 24.8
0.5 0.7 0.5
1.0 3.9 0.9
120.1 101.1 55.7
82 77 74
19 34 8
194 757 3,077
161.7 105.0 18.9
95 89 89
67 89 75
65 81 69
71 96 88
43 76 38
28 58 28
86 92 60
24.0
27.5
100 42 112
.. .. 30.5
9.8 10.9 9.0
.. 4.6 3.4
42.8 40.0 9.4
0.0 0.3 1.3
0.0 0.1 0.6
0.7 1.1 1.0
0.9 0.6 0.7
.. .. 11.9
Population (millions) 22 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 528 GDP ($ billions) 19.1
Country
data
Middle
East
N. Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Yemen, Rep.
Green08 0421.indd 224 4/22/08 11:37:04 AM

235. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $ GDP)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
225The Little Green Data Book 2008
Population (millions) 12 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 743 GDP ($ billions) 10.7
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
630 829 649
35.1 35.8 30.4
1.6 4.1 3.1
2.3 2.6 2.0
35 44 45
2.9 3.5 24.0
.. .. ..
142 351 544
57.1 26.5 23.9
1.0 0.7 0.6
42.0 11.3 9.9
1,025
38
4,747
8
5.0
1.9 2.7 3.8
621 681 486
78.7 56.3 41.7
721 542 391
0.6 76.1 72.4
99.4 20.1 24.8
0.2 0.6 0.5
0.2 0.9 0.9
–6.4 46.3 55.7
44 60 74
.. .. 8
6,987 5,093 3,077
2.2 3.1 18.9
76 87 89
58 56 75
40 42 69
90 80 88
55 37 38
52 28 28
59 53 60
15.0
21.2
182 157 112
25.3 19.4 30.5
10.1 10.7 9.0
2.2 3.8 3.4
0.1 18.7 9.4
31.0 2.3 1.3
0.0 0.4 0.6
0.2 0.6 1.0
0.7 0.4 0.7
–14.4 –10.0 11.9
Zambia
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236. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($)
Urban population (% of total)
Urban population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Population growth (average annual %, 1990–2006)
Agriculture
Agricultural land (% of land area)
Irrigated land (% of cropland)
Fertilizer consumption (100 grams/ha of arable land)
Population density, rural (people/sq. km of arable land)
Forests and biodiversity
Forest area (% of land area)
Deforestation (average annual %, 1990–2005)
Nationally protected area (% of land area)
Animal species, total known
Animal species, threatened
Higher plant species, total known
Higher plant species, threatened
GEF benefits index for biodiversity (0–100, median is 1.8)
Energy
GDP per unit of energy use (2005 PPP $/kg oil equivalent)
Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent)
Energy from biomass products and waste (% of total)
Electric power consumption per capita (kWh)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel (% of total)
Electricity generated by hydropower (% of total)
Emissions and pollution
CO2 emissions per unit of GDP (kg/2005 PPP $)
CO2 emissions per capita (metric tons)
CO2 emissions growth (%, 1990–2004)
Particulate matter (urban-pop.-weighted avg., µg/cu. m)
Passenger cars (per 1,000 people)
Water and sanitation
Internal freshwater resources per capita (cu. m)
Freshwater withdrawal
Total (% of internal resources)
Agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)
Access to improved water source (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Access to improved sanitation (% of total population)
Rural (% of rural population)
Urban (% of urban population)
Environment and health
Acute resp. infection prevalence (% of children under 5)
Diarrhea prevalence (% of children under 5)
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births)
National accounting aggregates
Gross savings (% of GNI)
Consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)
Education expenditure (% of GNI)
Energy depletion (% of GNI)
Mineral depletion (% of GNI)
Net forest depletion (% of GNI)
CO2 damage (% of GNI)
Particulate emission damage (% of GNI)
Adjusted net savings (% of GNI)
226 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Country
data
Sub-
Saharan
Africa
group
Low-
income
group
Population (millions) 13 Land area (1,000 sq. km) 387 GDP ($ billions) 3.4
340 829 649
36.4 35.8 30.4
2.9 4.1 3.1
1.5 2.6 2.0
40 44 45
5.2 3.5 24.0
339 .. ..
261 351 544
45.3 26.5 23.9
1.6 0.7 0.6
14.9 11.3 9.9
883
35
4,440
17
2.1
0.2 2.7 3.8
741 681 486
61.9 56.3 41.7
953 542 391
43.2 76.1 72.4
56.8 20.1 24.8
4.3 0.6 0.5
0.8 0.9 0.9
–36.6 46.3 55.7
27 60 74
45 .. 8
938 5,093 3,077
34.2 3.1 18.9
79 87 89
81 56 75
72 42 69
98 80 88
53 37 38
47 28 28
63 53 60
15.8
13.9
105 157 112
.. 19.4 30.5
.. 10.7 9.0
6.9 3.8 3.4
.. 18.7 9.4
.. 2.3 1.3
.. 0.4 0.6
.. 0.6 1.0
0.1 0.4 0.7
.. –10.0 11.9
Zimbabwe
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237. 227The Little Green Data Book 2008
Access to improved sanitation is the percentage of population with
adequate access to excreta disposal facilities (private or shared, but not
public) that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with
excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to
flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be
correctly constructed and properly maintained. (World Health Organization;
data are for 2004)
Access to improved water source is the percentage of the population
with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved
source, such as a piped water into a dwelling, plot, or yard; public tap or
standpipe; tubewell or borehole; protected dug well or spring; or rainwater
collection. Unimproved sources include an unprotected dug well or spring,
cart with small tank or drum, bottled water, and tanker trucks. Reasonable
access to an adequate amount means the availability of at least 20 liters a
person a day from a source within 1 kilometer of the dwelling. (World Health
Organization; data are for 2004)
Acute respiratory infection prevalence is the percentage of children
under age five with acute respiratory infection in the two weeks prior to the
survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for the most recent year
available during 1998–2005)
Adjusted net savings equal gross savings minus consumption of fixed capi-
tal, plus education expenditures, minus energy depletion, mineral depletion,
net forest depletion, and particulate emission and carbon dioxide damage.
(World Bank; data are for 2006)
Agricultural land is arable land, land under permanent crops, and perma-
nent pastures. Arable land includes land defined by the Food and Agriculture
Organization as land under temporary crops (double-cropped areas are
counted once), temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under
market or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned
as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded. Land under permanent crops
is land cultivated with crops that occupy the land for long periods and need
not be replanted after each harvest, such as cocoa, coffee, and rubber. This
category includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines
but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. Permanent pasture
is land used for five or more years for forage, including natural and cultivated
crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005)
Animal species, threatened, include the number of birds and mammal
species classified by the World Conservation Union as endangered, vul-
nerable, rare, indeterminate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World
Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are
for 2004)
Animal species, total, refer to mammals (excluding whales and porpoises)
and birds included within a country’s breeding or wintering ranges. (World
Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data are
for 2004)
Glossary
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238. 228 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Glossary
Carbon dioxide (CO2) damage is estimated at $20 per ton of carbon (the
unit damage in 1995 U.S. dollars) times the number of tons of carbon emit-
ted. (World Bank estimates; data are for 2006)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions growth is the cumulative percentage
change in emissions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the
manufacture of cement. Emissions include carbon dioxide produced during
consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. (Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center; data are for 1990–2004)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions
divided by midyear population. (Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
World Bank, and United Nations; data are for 2004)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit of GDP are carbon dioxide
emissions in kilograms per unit of GDP in 2005 purchasing power parity
(PPP) terms. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international
dollars using PPP rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing
power over GDP that a U.S. dollar has in the United States. (Carbon Dioxide
Information Analysis Center and World Bank; data are for 2004)
Consumption of fixed capital is the replacement value of capital used
up in the process of production. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to
2006 from the most recent year available)
Deforestation is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other
uses, including shifting cultivation, permanent agriculture, ranching, settle-
ments, and infrastructure development. Deforested areas do not include
areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fuelwood
gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. Negative numbers indicate an
increase in forest areas. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for
1990–2005)
Diarrhea prevalence is the percentage of children under age five who had
diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey. (United Nations Children’s Fund;
data are for the most recent year available during 1998–2005)
Education expenditure is public current operating expenditures in edu-
cation, including wages and salaries and excluding capital investments in
buildings and equipment. (United Nations; data are extrapolated to 2006
from the most recent year available)
Electricity generated using fossil fuel is use of coal, oil, and gas as
a percentage of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International
Energy Agency; data are for 2005)
Electricity generated by hydropower is use of hydropower as a percent-
age of total inputs to the generation of electricity. (International Energy
Agency; data are for 2005)
Electric power consumption per capita is the production of power plants
and combined heat and power plants, minus transmission, distribution, and
transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants plus imports
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239. 229The Little Green Data Book 2008
minus exports divided by midyear population. (International Energy Agency;
data are for 2005)
Energy depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the physical
quantities of energy extracted. It covers crude oil, natural gas, and coal.
(The wide range of data sources and methods used to estimate resource
depletion are described in World Bank 2006; data are for 2006)
Energy from biomass products and waste is energy from solid biomass,
liquid biomass, biogas, industrial waste, and municipal waste as a percentage
of total energy use. (International Energy Agency; data are for 2005)
Energy use per capita refers to apparent consumption, which is equal
to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports
and fuels supplied to ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.
(International Energy Agency; data are for 2005)
Fertilizer consumption is the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of
arable land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous, potash, and phosphate
fertilizers (including ground rock phosphate). The time reference for fertil-
izer consumption is the crop year, July through June. (Food and Agriculture
Organization; data are for 2005)
Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees, whether produc-
tive or not. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005)
Freshwaterwithdrawal,agriculture,iswithdrawalsforirrigationandlivestock
production as a percentage of total freshwater withdrawal. (World Resources
Institute; data are for various years; for details see World Development
Indicators 2008, Primary data documentation)
Freshwater withdrawal, total, is total water withdrawal, excluding evapora-
tion losses from storage basins and including water from desalination plants
in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed
100 percent of internal renewable resources because river flows from other
countries are not included, because extraction from nonrenewable aquifers
or desalination plants is considerable, or because there is significant water
reuse. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Resources Institute;
data are for various years; for details see World Development Indicators
2008, Primary data documentation.)
GDP is gross domestic product and measures the total output of goods
and services for final use occurring within the domestic territory of a given
country, regardless of the allocation to domestic and foreign claims. GDP
at purchaser values (market prices) is the sum of gross value added by all
resident and nonresident producers in the economy plus any taxes and
minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated
without deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and
degradation of natural resources. (World Bank, Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are for 2006)
GDP per unit of energy use is 2005 gross domestic product (GDP) in
purchasing power parity (PPP) terms per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy
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240. 230 2008 The Little Green Data Book
Glossary
use. PPP GDP is GDP converted to international dollars using PPP rates. An
international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP that a U.S.
dollar has in the United States. (International Energy Agency and World
Bank; data are for 2005)
GEF benefits index for biodiversity is a composite index of relative bio-
diversity potential for each country developed by the Global Environment
Facility, based on the species represented in each country, their threat
status, and the diversity of habitat types in each country. The index shown
in the tables has been normalized so that values run from 0 (no biodiversity
potential) to 100 (maximum biodiversity potential) (World Bank; estimates
are for 2005)
GNI per capita is gross national income (GNI) divided by midyear population.
GNI is gross domestic product plus net receipts of primary income (employee
compensation and property income) from abroad. GNI per capita is in cur-
rent U.S. dollars, converted using the World Bank Atlas method (see World
Development Indicators 2008, Statistical methods). (World Bank, Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are
for 2006)
Gross savings are the difference between gross national income and public
and private consumption plus net current transfers. (World Bank, Organization
for Economic Co-operation and Development, and United Nations; data are
for 2006)
Higher plant species, threatened, are the number of species classified
by the World Conservation Union as endangered, vulnerable, rare, indetermi-
nate, out of danger, or insufficiently known. (World Conservation Monitoring
Centre and World Conservation Union; data are for 2004)
Higher plant species, total known, are native vascular plant species.
(World Conservation Monitoring Centre and World Conservation Union; data
are for 2004)
Internal freshwater resources per capita are internal renewable resources,
which include flows of rivers and groundwater from rainfall in the country
but excludes river flows from other countries, divided by midyear population.
(Food and Agriculture Organization, World Resources Institute, and World
Bank; estimates are for 2005)
Irrigated land is area purposely provided with water, including land irrigated
by controlled flooding. Cropland refers to arable land and land used for per-
manent crops. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2005)
Land area is a country’s total land area, excluding area under inland water
bodies, national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones.
In most cases the definition of inland water bodies includes major rivers and
lakes. (Food and Agriculture Organization; data are for 2006)
Mineral depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the physical
quantities of minerals extracted. It covers bauxite, copper, iron, lead, nickel,
phosphate, tin, gold, silver, and zinc. (The wide range of data sources and
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241. 231The Little Green Data Book 2008
methods used to estimate resource depletion are described in World Bank
2006; data are for 2006)
Nationally protected area is totally or partially protected areas of at least
1,000 hectares that are designated as national parks, natural monuments,
nature reserves or wildlife sanctuaries; protected landscapes and seascapes;
and scientific reserves. It includes World Conservation Union–protected
area categories I–VI. (World Conservation Monitoring Centre; data are for
the most recent year available)
Net forest depletion is the product of unit resource rents and the excess
of roundwood harvest over natural growth. If growth exceeds harvest, this
figure is zero. (Food and Agriculture Organization and World Bank estimates
of natural growth; data are for 2006)
Particulate emission damage is calculated as the willingness to pay to
reduce the risk of illness and death attributable to particulate emissions.
(World Bank estimates; data are for 2005)
Particulate matter is fine suspended particulates of less than 10 microns
in diameter that are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract
and causing damage. The indicator is the population-weighted average of all
cities in the country with a population greater than 100,000. (World Bank
estimates; data are for 2005)
Passenger cars are road motor vehicles, other than two-wheelers, intended
for the carriage of passengers and designed to seat no more than nine people
including the driver. (International Road Federation; data are for 2005)
Population includes all residents who are present regardless of legal status
or citizenship except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of
asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country
of origin. (United Nations; data are midyear estimates for 2006)
Population density, rural, is rural population divided by arable land area.
Rural population is estimated as the difference between the total population
and urban population. (See urban population; data are for 2006)
Population growth is the exponential change in population for the period
indicated. (United Nations; data are for 1990–2006)
Under-five mortality rate is the probability that a newborn baby will die
before reaching age five if subject to current age-specific mortality rates.
(United Nations and United Nations Children’s Fund; data are for 2005)
Urban population is the share of the midyear population living in areas
defined as urban in each country (United Nations; data are for 2006)
Urban population growth is the exponential change in urban population for
the period indicated. (United Nations; data are for 1990–2006)
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242. 232 2008 The Little Green Data Book
References
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Wheeler. 2007. “Country Stakes in Climate Negotiations: Two Dimensions
of Vulnerability.” Policy Research Working Paper 4300. World Bank,
Washington, D.C.
Cline, W. 2007. Global Warming and Agriculture: Impact Estimates by Country.
Washington, D.C.: Center for Global Development.
Dasgupta, Susmita, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner, David Wheeler, and
David Jianping Yan. 2007. “The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing
Countries: A Comparative Analysis.” Policy Research Working Paper 4136.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.
IEA (International Energy Agency). 2007. World Energy Outlook 2007. Paris.
McMichael, A. J., D. Campbell-Lendrum, S. Kovats, S. Edwards, P. Wilkinson,
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World Bank. 2006. Where Is the Wealth of Nations? Washington, D.C.: World
Bank.
WRI (World Resources Institute). 2008. Climate Analysis Indicators Tool,
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