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Integrating Water Features
     into your Design:
    Achieving a Natural Look




               Presented by
David Duensing, Associate Member ASLA, NAPP
            Chris Brown, ASLA
Interaction opportunities with water




Introduction:
Defining the Features Purpose
Getting
         up Close
           and
         Personal




Introduction:
Defining the Features Purpose
Koi ponds
                                  allow for
                                feeding and
                                  viewing



Minimize rock,
sharp corners
and plants
Introduction:
Defining the Features Purpose
“Living” water
                                       vs.
                                “Sterile” water




Introduction:
Defining the Features Purpose
Estate Garden with Reflections




Introduction:
Intimate to Majestic
Private Botanic Garden With a View




Introduction:
Intimate to Majestic
“Pond-Less” Waterfall




Introduction:
Intimate to Majestic
Displays of Color




Introduction:
Intimate to Majestic
Formal Water Features




Introduction:
Styles
Introduction:
Styles
“Natural–Like” Mountain Trout Pond




Introduction:
Styles
Snow Melt
                Mountain Stream
                     and
                  Trout Pond




Introduction:
Styles
Japanese Water Gardens


Traditionally
Very
Detail
Oriented


Introduction:
Styles
Commercial Project Prior to Landscaping




Introduction:
Styles
Size Basins and Streams




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Sizing Basins and Streams
Cisterns
                as
            Reservoirs
Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Sizing Basins and Streams
Liner Edge Detail




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Improper Edge Techniques
Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Liner Edging
Concrete
                                         Perimeter with
                                         18” of Excess
                                             Liner



     Liner Secured
       Vertically


Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Liner Edging
Design and Use of Rock

        Improper                         Proper




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Application of Rock
View From Roadside




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Making Water Visible
View from Restaurant Patio




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Making the Water Visible
Close Up View




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Making the Water Visible
Avoid Excessive Rock
     Around Edges




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Necklace Effect
Communication,
                                       Design
                                        and
                                      Execution




Most Common Design and Build Mistakes:
Aesthetic Clarification
Selecting and Sizing Equipment




                       •Mechanical Filtration
                        •Biological Filtration
                               •Pumps
Understanding Quality:          •Pipe
Guidelines                  •Sterilization
Equipment Packages




Understanding Quality:
Proper Equipment Sizing
Upsize
       filtration
            to
        reduce
      frequency
     maintenance




Understanding Quality:
Properly Sizing Equipment
EPDM Lining Installation




Understanding Quality:
Durable, UV Resistant, “Fish Safe”
Design Fundamentals:




Design Fundamentals
Scale and Placement
Working with the Elements




Design Fundamentals
Orienting the Work and the Views
Develop Views and Destinations




Design Fundamentals
Developing Views and Destinations
Make the Water Easily Visible




Design Fundamentals
Visual and Audible Options
The Sounds of Falling Water




Design Fundamentals
Visual and Audible Options
Easy and Secure Access




Design Fundamentals
Interaction Opportunities
Koi pond with
                            supported granite
                                slab walk




 Greenwich, CT
      2004

Design Fundamentals
Interaction Opportunities
Design Fundamentals
Interaction Opportunities
Solid Perimeter and Destinations



                            Ponds




Design Fundamentals
Interaction Opportunities
4E2   Private
                                  Viewing
                                    Area




        Beach
        Access

Design Fundamentals
Interaction Opportunities
Rock Formations and Water Courses




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Structure to Chaos




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
4K3




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Waterfalls
                         &
                      Streams




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Waterfalls Require “Randomness”




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Landscape In and Around the
                Water Feature




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Rock Formations
 Inside and Outside of the Water Feature




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Bring Sound and Motion to a Garden




Design Fundamentals
Replicating Nature
Sub-Structure
                            Considerations

                            National Wildlife
                            Federation, DC
                                  2001


•    Frost
•    Unstable Soils
•    Seismic Activity
•    Back Fill
•    Bearing Loads

    Construction
    Materials and Methods
Construction
Materials and Methods
Fiber Reinforced Concrete




Construction
Materials and Methods
Indoor
                        Game Fish
                          Pond




      Poured
     Concrete
   Sub-Structure
Construction
Materials and Methods
Pond Lining Materials

• Rubber
   – EPDM, sheets
   – EPDM, liquid
• Plastic
   – PVC
   – Vinyl
• Concrete
• Clay


 Construction
 Materials and Methods
Completed Pond
      All Materials Secured and Hidden from View




Construction
Materials and Methods
Lifting and Setting Rock


Nylon straps
are very
strong and
help protect
the rock
during
installation

Construction
Materials and Methods
Geotextile
                        padding under the
                        rock adds
                        protection to liner




Lifting link
and chains are
often used on
massive boulders
Construction
Materials and Methods
Rocks Formations:
                   More Authentic Emerging
                    from the Soil or Water




Construction
Materials and Methods
Rock as Garden
          Elements




Construction
Materials and Methods
Protect the moss
                        and lichen during
                        transport and
                        installation




Construction
Materials and Methods
Aquatic
          Plants
 • Provide Filtration

 • Habitat for Aquatic Life

 • Helps Transition from
   Landscape to Water

 • Helps Tie Hardscape to
   the Water Feature

Construction
Materials and Methods
Construction
Materials and Methods
Construction
Materials and Methods
Waterfalls
                                     do not need to
                                     be large to be
                                       heard and
                                        enjoyed


       •Volume
       •Pitch
       •Direction
Acoustic and Visual Elements
Controlling What is Seen and Heard
Making the Water
                                           Stand Out



                                     •   Reflect Light
                                     •   Textured Weirs
                                     •   Irregular Weir Edges
                                     •   Separating the Water
                                         from the Rock



Acoustic and Visual Elements
Controlling What is Seen and Heard
Authenticity
                                        in the
                                     Rock Wock




Acoustic and Visual Elements
Controlling What is Seen and Heard
Acoustic and Visual Elements
Controlling What is Seen and Heard
Cost Drivers




Site Conditions
Client Goals
Design
Cost Drivers
Elements Influencing Cost
Site
                            Accessibility
                               And
                             Conditions



•Trees
•Unstable Soils
•Springs
•Material Storage
Cost Drivers
Elements Influencing Cost
Complexity of Design and Automation




Cost Drivers
Elements Influencing Cost
Baseline Specifications

               •   Mechanical Components
               •   Materials
               •   Aesthetics
               •   Contractor
               •   Site Conditions



Specifications
Meet Client’s Goals
VFD’s
                    Variable Frequency Device

• Control pump motor
  speed

• Reduces electrical
  consumption and
  operating costs

• Reduces wear on pumps
  and plumbing

• Allows for variable flows
  during different times of
  the day or night
  Specifications
  Meet Client’s Goals
Qualifying
                        a
             Water Feature Contractor
Determine:
   – Years experience building water features
   – Scope and scale of experience
   – Visit contractors projects and talk with clients
   – Review portfolio and define contractors actual
     participation in work shown
   – Contractors understanding of your particular concerns
     and needs
Specifications
Meet Client’s Goals
Integrating Water Features
     into your Design:
  Achieving a Natural Look




    Questions & Answers
Copyrighted Materials

    This presentation is protected by US and
  International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of the presentation
  without written permission of the speaker is
                    prohibited.


 © The American Society of Landscape Architects

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