The document outlines factors influencing labor productivity and standards, including management quality and worker health. It discusses various International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions and recommendations aimed at protecting worker rights, such as those related to forced labor, equal remuneration, and child labor. Additionally, it addresses standards for wages and social security in labor practices, emphasizing the need for safety measures and appropriate compensation in employment.

1. LABOUR: Productivity &
Standards
Productivity & Standards

2. Introduction
 Factors affecting productivity of labour
 Management quality
 supervision, monitoring and evaluation
 Smooth supply of appropriate, good quality tools and equipment
 Incentive payment method
 Health and nutrition status of workers
 The lower the state of nutrition the longer it takes to complete task

3. Labour standards
 Labour standards
 Developed by ILO in the form of conventions and recommendation. Conventions when ratified
become binding. Recommendations are non-binding guidelines intended to orient national policy
and practice
 Intended to create awareness of worker rights and to stop worker exploitation
 Forced Labour
 Forced Labour Convention 1930 (No 29)
 Abolition of Forced Labour, 1957 (No 105)
 Def:
 “Forced labour “ All work which is exacted under the menace of a penalty and for which a person has not offered
him/herself voluntarily
 Except for minor communal services, certain civic obligations and emergency works
 Equality of opportunity and treatment
 Equal remuneration convention, 1951 (No 100)
 Principle of equal pay for men and women for work of equal value
 Discrimination convention, 1958 (111)
 Principle of hiring and access to vocational training devoid of exclusion, distinction or preference based on race,
colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin

4. Labour standards - cont
 Freedom of Association
 Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organize convention, 1948 (No
87)
 Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining convention, 1949 (98)
 Rural Workers Organization convention, 1975 (No 141)
 Principle of freedom to exercise by workers and employers the right to organize
for furthering and defending their interest;
 protection of the right of workers who are exercising the right to organize;
 promotion of voluntary collective bargaining;
 freedom of association of rural workers;
 etc

5. Labour Standards - cont
 Child Labour
 Minumum Age Convention, 1973 (No 138)
 The minimum age for admission to employment shall not be less than the age of completion of
compulsory schooling (not less than 15 yrs)
 For any work likely to jeopardize the health, safety or morals of young persons (it is set at 18 yrs)
 Wages
 Labour Clauses Convention, 1949 (No 94)
 Contracts involving public funds to ensure that workers wages, hours of work and other work
conditions are not less favourable than those established for work of the same character
 Protection of Wages Convention, 1949 (No 95)
 The protection of workers from excessively low wages by the requirement to establish a system of
minimum wages
 ILO and World Food Programme (WFP) agree on Food ration ≤ 50%
 In setting wages for LB road projects
 Ensure that this does not extract workers from traditional economic activities
 Wages do not distort the economic feasibility of LBM
 High enough to attract workers and ensure satisfactory productivity

6. Labour standards - cont
 Social security
 Social Security Convention, 1952 (No 102)
 Aims to set minimum levels of security benefits (medical care, sickness, old-age,
employment injury, family, maternity, invalidity and survival)
 In LB road works the more relevant include medical care, sickness and employment injury
 In case of private sector execution, an insurance cover is to be provided to cover any accident
or injury
 Preventive measures to include
 information about hazards,
 safety training of supervisory staff,
 provision of protective clothing,
 use of good quality hand tools and equipment
