ESV - TECHNICAL CONFERENCEON THE ENHANCED SAFETY OF VEHICLES 2019; Paper No.19-0277-O Improving the Effectiveness of Active Safety Systems to Significantly Reduce Accidents with Vulnerable Road Users

1. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Ilona CIESLIK, Applus IDIADA
On behalf of PROSPECT partners
The 26th Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), 11th June 2019
Improving the effectiveness of active safety Systems to
significantly reduce accidents with Vulnerable Road Users
-PROactive Safety for PEdestrians and CyclisTs-

2. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Index
01_ Market needs & Current requirements
02_ Project Overview & Timeline
03_ Research Activities & Results
04_ Impact
Content
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Project Overview & Timeline
PROSPECT aims to significantly improve the effectiveness of active VRU
safety systems compared to those currently on the market by:
• Expanding the scope of urban scenarios addressed,
• Improving the overall AEB/AES system performance,
• Proposing extensive validation methodologies.
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The emphasis is on two groups with large shares of fatalities: cyclists and pedestrians.

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Problem vs. Solution
In 2017, 21% of road fatalities on EU roads were
pedestrians and 8% cyclists [1]
Until a few years ago collision avoidance
system was an exotic and rare auto feature
…An idea was to call for safer vehicle
standards such as mandatory fitment of AEB …
Starting in 2022, according to the EU
legislation, new cars sold in Europe will be
fitted with AEBs which detect VRUs
• [1] The European Commission - Fact Sheet, 2017 road safety statistics: What is behind the figures?
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The European New Car Assessment Programme
Before legal requirements for the use of AEBs entry into force…
Independent consumer testing organization in Europe
With the objective of encouraging safer vehicle choices
Defining vehicle safety roadmaps and evaluation protocols
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Euro NCAP roadmap for active safety
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• [2] Euro NCAP, Roadmap 2020-2025 www.euroncap.com/en/for-engineers/protocols/vulnerable-road-user-vru-protection/

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Study of relevant VRU scenarios
In-depth accident analyses of European data
Naturalistic urban observations with large number of VRUs
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Accident Study Use Cases
1
Test Cases
2 3
Result: It revealed important accident types not yet covered by
active safety systems

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Development challenges
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Quick actuation
needed
Intention – will
VRU stop?
Large sensor
coverage
during turn

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Development of demo-vehicles (VUT)
Video and radar systems
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Video 1
Video 3
Semantic stixel representation & box proposalsObstacle detection with radar systems
Video 2
Result: The systems address well-known barriers of current AEB: limited sensors FoV, fuzzy
path prediction, unreliable intent recognition and slow reaction times for the actuation

10. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Realistic pedestrian and cyclist dummies
VRU prototypes mounted on fully self-
driving platform for complex test
scenarios
Higher degrees of freedom (head
rotation, torso angle, pedaling, side
leaning, etc.)
Allow better object classification and
prediction of intended VRU
movement by demo-cars
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Video 5
Pedestrian dummy full stop and rotate head towards
approaching car
Pedaling cyclist dummy with rotating wheels
Video 4

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Human Factors and HMI Studies
To understand the characteristics and capabilities of people
and their interactions with PROSPECT technology and systems
To ensure safe, effective and engaging performance
Applicable at each stage of
the project and across
multiple partners
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12. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Human Factors and HMI Studies
User Needs and
Requirements
Informing
Design
Evaluating Control
Strategies
Determining
Acceptance
Assessing Driver
Behaviour
Focus Groups Simulator Studies Test Track/Video
Drivers’ Reactions (VTI/Volvo)
Cyclist Cues and
Characteristics (Uni. of
Nottingham)
False Alarms (Uni. of Nottingham)
Comfort Boundaries (TME/Audi)
Cyclist Conspicuity (Audi) Acceptance (IFSTTAR)
Drivers’ Reactions (VTI/Volvo)
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Acceptability of PROSPECT Systems
Knowledge on users’ perception of the systems and likelihood to purchase
Crucial for the success ↔ systems must be trusted and useful!
Acceptance methodology based on existing questionnaires with experiments
Intention
to use
Willingness
to buy
Trust
Acceptability
Usefulness
Satisfaction
Acceptability assessment Criticality of the situation
Criticality
Frequency
Predictability
Controllability Fear
Stress
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Acceptability of PROSPECT Systems
Main results
• High likelihood of acceptance
• Participants most positive
towards the warning function
• More ready to use the systems in
urban areas
Willingness to buy influenced by factors
• Time at which the warning occurs
• Increased after participants presented with
‘critical’ situations
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Challenges for physical testing
Intention detection
• Realistic VRU behavior
• Head and arm movement
Intersection driving
• Realistic layout
• Natural driving style using robots
Transferability to real life
• Not better to test in real situations?
Proper actuation
• Braking, steering and/or braking?
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Consumer testing and tools
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Result: a) State-of-the-art testing tools b) Assessment of PROSPECT prototypes
c) Proposal of test methodology to Euro NCAP, ISO..

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Test track results
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OUTPUT: Accident avoidance by combined steering and/or braking
6-7 use
cases per
demonstrator
They address ~80%
of cyclist accidents
defined as critical in
PROSPECT
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Autonomous evasive steering examples
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Video 6 PROSPECT actuations on the test track

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Safety benefit assessment
Real-world benefit of
PROSPECT systems
Traffic safety: saved lives / serious
injuries and monetary benefit
Counterfactual simulations using
models for PROSPECT sensors
and algorithms on car-to-VRU
crashes in GIDAS Pre-Crash
Matrices
The simulation updated with test
results based on Bayesian
inference
Video 7 Counterfactual simulations - braking
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20. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Reduction of casualties annually in EU-28
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Pedestrians Cyclists Total
Fatalitiy reduction
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
Pedestrians Cyclists Total
Reduction of seriously injured
* Maximum societal benefit of PROSPECT systems, assuming 100% market penetration and 100% user acceptance
Save 79-95 lives in 2025 and 280-336 lives in 2030;
Avoid 439-697 serious injuries in 2025 and 1558-2474 in 2030
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Socio-economic impact of systems (monetary terms)
* Unit costs of injuries taken from ASSESS project, updated for 2018 prices: www.assess-project.eu/
The estimated annual socio-economic benefit for EU-28 exceeds
1000 mln € from 2030 onwards
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Summary
The PROSPECT project developed advanced AEB / AES systems:
• Better protection of pedestrians and cyclists
• Intersection crash avoidance functions
• Functions taking VRU intention into account
• Evaluation of improvements and benefits of additional steering for NCAP
New testing methods developed and used for intersection
• More complex scenarios
• Natural driving style using robots, intersection geometry
• Novel VRU dummies with high degree of freedom, able to ´look´ and ´wave´
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23. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
PROSPECT videos & publications
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Public deliverables available on the project website www.prospect-
project.eu/ and CORDIS
Project publications available on website, ZENODO and Research Gate
PROSPECT videos:
www.youtube.com/watch?v=kS0oTaRKzN8www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMK6L-oNF0g

24. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Acknowledgements
9 EU countries
17 partners
– 5 car manufacturers
– 3 suppliers
– 5 research centres
– 4 universities
This project has received funding from the European
Commission’s Innovation and Networks Executive Agency, under
the frame of Horizon 2020 programme, with GA nº 634149
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25. PUBLIC INTERNAL CONFIDENTIAL SECRET
Thank you
For further information:
Ilona Cieslik, PROSPECT Project Coordinador
R&D Project Manager at IDIADA (ADAS)
ilona.cieslik@idiada.com
www.linkedin.com/in/ilonacieslik/
PROSPECT website:
www.project-prospect.eu
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