16 23 com med 20th
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This document discusses various statistical and epidemiological concepts: - Confidence intervals narrow as sample size increases and are calculated using standard deviation. - Independent t-tests compare two means, z-tests are for small samples, and paired t-tests compare two related samples. - Notification of diseases is a legal duty for doctors and relates to secondary prevention. - Special surveillance is done for dengue fever, pneumococcal pneumonia, and hepatitis A. - Population pyramids describe the age-sex relationship of a population affected by birth rates.
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The document discusses the effects of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on the body. PEM causes decreases in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and hormone levels. Specifically, it leads to reduced glycogen storage; lower cholesterol, albumin, transferrin, blood urea, essential amino acids, urinary creatinine; and deficiencies in vitamins A, K, zinc, copper and iron. Hormonally, PEM impairs insulin levels while increasing glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone. PEM is assessed using indicators like the creatinine height index, which is lower in kwashiorkor and marasmus and returns to normal after recovery.
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NSIT QC Meet February 2015
General Quiz, held at the weekly QC meet in NSIT.
--
The title is a reference to the Harry Potter series; roughly translates to "Never Tickle a sleeping quizzer".
Biochemical changes in PEM
The document discusses the effects of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) on the body. PEM causes decreases in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, and hormone levels. Specifically, it leads to reduced glycogen storage; lower cholesterol, albumin, transferrin, blood urea, essential amino acids, urinary creatinine; and deficiencies in vitamins A, K, zinc, copper and iron. Hormonally, PEM impairs insulin levels while increasing glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone. PEM is assessed using indicators like the creatinine height index, which is lower in kwashiorkor and marasmus and returns to normal after recovery.
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3) His participation timestamping a parliamentary speech video to its transcript.
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Pathological changes in pem
1. PEM causes widespread pathological changes throughout the body, particularly affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, muscles, skin, heart, central nervous system, and immune system.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract, the mucosa becomes atrophic and villi are infiltrated with plasma cells in both the small and large intestines.
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1. PEM causes widespread pathological changes throughout the body, particularly affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, muscles, skin, heart, central nervous system, and immune system.
2. In the gastrointestinal tract, the mucosa becomes atrophic and villi are infiltrated with plasma cells in both the small and large intestines.
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Prevention and follow up of malnutrition
Malnutrition requires prevention, treatment, and long-term follow up. Children should be followed up to 2-5 years after discharge to monitor growth, development, and prevent long term issues. Treatment may fail if feed is improperly prepared, inadequate, or not taken properly. Multilevel actions are needed including nutrition education, breastfeeding promotion, improved family diets, and coordinated programs at family, community, national, and international levels.
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Etialogy and pathogenesis
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This document discusses various anthropometric parameters used to assess nutritional status in children, including weight-for-age, height-for-age, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), chest circumference to head circumference ratio, skin fold thickness, weight-for-height index, and body mass index. It provides classifications of malnutrition based on these metrics, such as grades of PEM (protein energy malnutrition) defined by weight-for-age percentiles. Measurement techniques are also outlined, like Shakir's tape and Bangle's test for MUAC, and Tanner's chart for skin fold thickness. The anthropometric criteria can help identify nutritional problems and monitor a child's growth.
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16 23 com med 20th
- 1. 16. Confidence interval (a) (b) (c) Confidence intervalnarrowswhensamplesize increases (d) Is calculatedbyusingstandarddeviation (e) 17. True or false regardingstatistical tests (a) An independentttestisdone to compare the two means (b) Z testis of choice whensample size issmall (c) (d) Pairedt testcan be usedto compare two samples (e) 18. Notificationof adisease (a) Is forall communicable disease (b) (c) isrelatedtosecondaryprevention (d) done withtreatmentof the patient (e) isa legal dutyof a doctor 19. Regardingcommunicablediseases (a) air conditionsare the source of leptospirosis (b) (c) (d) TB is a source epidemic (e) Haemophilusinfluenzaisanotifiable disease 20. Special surveillance are done for (a) (b) dengue fever (c) pneumococcal pneumonia (d) (e) hepatitisA 21. (a) isthe age sex relationshipof apopulation (b) affected bybirthrates (c) (d) not affectedbychange inmortality (e) barrel shapedinmiddle income countries
- 2. 22. (a) Describesthe mortalityof apopulation (b) Uses a hypothetical cohortof new borns (c) (d) (e) Techniquesare notapplicable innonmedical setting 23. In calculatingthe followingmortalityrateslive birthsisthe denominator (a) Perinatal mortalityrate (b)