Copper Accumulation in Leucaena leucocephala by Mycorrhizae Glomus Sp. Zac–19...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The Jose Antonio Alzate dam is the main man-made reservoir along the Lerma River in central Mexico. The water in this dam is heavily contaminated with organic and inorganic residues including copper and other heavy metals. For many years, people living in the vicinity of the dam use sediments as fertilizers, resulting in heavy soil contamination. This study focuses on the use of native Leucadena leucocephala, a small, fast-growing mimosid tree cultivated under greenhouse conditions in an attempt to reduce the levels of copper. The plant was inoculated with a fungus of the Glomus sp. Zac-19 species that in a symbiotic manner increases the decontaminating properties of L. leucocephala. The study was carried out in three stages, starting with sequential extractions to assess the geochemical distribution of copper. Next, L. leucocephala was grown under controlled conditions using a factorial statistical model adding two known doses of Cu2+ and a third plantlet grown under normal conditions to be used as control. The plant growth was followed at random during 30, 60, 90 and 180 days to assess the level of copper bioaccumulation in leaves, stem and in the whole plant. The bioaccumulation index was evaluated using the initial six fractions, with fraction five revealing a direct relationship between the levels of copper in plant and sediment. Due to the relation of fraction V with humic material, it was finally considered for the calculation of the bioaccumulation index. Copper accumulation in stems was greater than in leaves and the metal concentration decreased with time. The percentage of arbuscules, vesicles and complete colonization was affected by high doses of Cu2+,inhibiting the growth of stem and leaves of L. leucocephala. These results suggest that the plant can be useful for the biological removal of copper in contaminated sediments or soils.
We Linku2 wedding and getting married information, articles and businesses on the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast Auckland including tips on wedding gifts, booking a church, wedding traditions around the world and lots more
Water & Ocean Pollutions Sustainably managing a Renewable Resource kenesh_81
Water Pollution Sustainably managing a Renewable Resource
OUTLINE of chapter 21.
Surface Water Pollution
Groundwater Pollution
Ocean Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Spotlight on Sustainable Development
Cleaning Up the Great Lakes
Why water is important ?
The majority of the cells in our body are made up of water.
Water is the primary component of our saliva, sweat, and tears.
It makes up a big portion of our blood and lymph systems.
It transports food and oxygen to different cells and carries wastes out of our bodies.
It controls our blood pressure by balancing our bodies’ electrolytes.
It helps the kidneys flush out toxic substances.
It moistens our mouth, nasal passages, and eyes.
It helps regulate our body temperature. It keeps us cool when the weather is hot and it insulates our bodies from cold weather.
It serves as a shock absorber or cushion for our organs.
It serves as a lubricant for our joints so we can move comfortably.
It provides us with many minerals that our body needs.
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects organisms. Like many other problems, it is global in scope, but the types of pollution vary according to a country's level of development.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
1. Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc.
2. Anthropogenic Sources:
Industrial sources
Domestic Sources
Agricultural Sources
Mining Sources
Physical Pollutant (thermal and radioactive sustainable).
Water pollution comes from either a POINT or a NONPOINT SOURCE.
Waste water characterization:
1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological
1. Physical Characteristics:
Colour
Odour
Turbidity
Temperature
Solids
2. Chemical characteristic:
PH
Alkalinity
Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals,
nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Pollution Spill, South Florida
POLLUTANTS FOUND IN RUNOFF
Organic and Inorganic Nutrients
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS—NITRATES AND PHOSPHATES
Inorganic nutrients stimulate excess plant growth, which impairs navigation and swimming and disrupts the aquatic environment. When the plants die, they decompose, causing oxygen levels to decline precipitously—an effect that can be harmful to a host of organisms.
EUTROPHICATION AND NATURAL SUCCESSION
The accumulation of nutrients in lakes, from both natural and human sources, is called natural and cultural eutrophication, respectively. Combined with the deposition of sediment from human activities, cultural eutrophication causes lakes to age prematurely.
Natural eutrophication
Natural eutrophication is usually a fairly slow and gradual process, occurring over a period of many centuries. It occurs naturally when for some reason, production and consumption within the lake do not cancel each other out and the lake slowly becomes over fert
Aplicando técnicas más propias de coaching grupal que de una ponencia, Jesús Huertas ayudó a conducir a los asistentes en un viaje desde los Recursos Humanos del presente a los RRHH 2.0, donde el área y sus funciones se redefinen para convertirse en un departamento esencial de la compañía. Nuevas tareas como orientar a directivos y mandos intermedios en la dirección de equipos, marcar objetivos alineados con la estrategia y la realidad empresarial, realizar una descripción clara de puestos de trabajo, o liderar cambios mediante un plan de comunicación interno parecen ser determinantes en este camino hacia el futuro.
Copper Accumulation in Leucaena leucocephala by Mycorrhizae Glomus Sp. Zac–19...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The Jose Antonio Alzate dam is the main man-made reservoir along the Lerma River in central Mexico. The water in this dam is heavily contaminated with organic and inorganic residues including copper and other heavy metals. For many years, people living in the vicinity of the dam use sediments as fertilizers, resulting in heavy soil contamination. This study focuses on the use of native Leucadena leucocephala, a small, fast-growing mimosid tree cultivated under greenhouse conditions in an attempt to reduce the levels of copper. The plant was inoculated with a fungus of the Glomus sp. Zac-19 species that in a symbiotic manner increases the decontaminating properties of L. leucocephala. The study was carried out in three stages, starting with sequential extractions to assess the geochemical distribution of copper. Next, L. leucocephala was grown under controlled conditions using a factorial statistical model adding two known doses of Cu2+ and a third plantlet grown under normal conditions to be used as control. The plant growth was followed at random during 30, 60, 90 and 180 days to assess the level of copper bioaccumulation in leaves, stem and in the whole plant. The bioaccumulation index was evaluated using the initial six fractions, with fraction five revealing a direct relationship between the levels of copper in plant and sediment. Due to the relation of fraction V with humic material, it was finally considered for the calculation of the bioaccumulation index. Copper accumulation in stems was greater than in leaves and the metal concentration decreased with time. The percentage of arbuscules, vesicles and complete colonization was affected by high doses of Cu2+,inhibiting the growth of stem and leaves of L. leucocephala. These results suggest that the plant can be useful for the biological removal of copper in contaminated sediments or soils.
We Linku2 wedding and getting married information, articles and businesses on the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast Auckland including tips on wedding gifts, booking a church, wedding traditions around the world and lots more
Water & Ocean Pollutions Sustainably managing a Renewable Resource kenesh_81
Water Pollution Sustainably managing a Renewable Resource
OUTLINE of chapter 21.
Surface Water Pollution
Groundwater Pollution
Ocean Pollution
Water Pollution Control
Spotlight on Sustainable Development
Cleaning Up the Great Lakes
Why water is important ?
The majority of the cells in our body are made up of water.
Water is the primary component of our saliva, sweat, and tears.
It makes up a big portion of our blood and lymph systems.
It transports food and oxygen to different cells and carries wastes out of our bodies.
It controls our blood pressure by balancing our bodies’ electrolytes.
It helps the kidneys flush out toxic substances.
It moistens our mouth, nasal passages, and eyes.
It helps regulate our body temperature. It keeps us cool when the weather is hot and it insulates our bodies from cold weather.
It serves as a shock absorber or cushion for our organs.
It serves as a lubricant for our joints so we can move comfortably.
It provides us with many minerals that our body needs.
SURFACE WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is any physical or chemical change in water that adversely affects organisms. Like many other problems, it is global in scope, but the types of pollution vary according to a country's level of development.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION:
1. Natural Sources: Rain, Snowfall, Leaching, river, etc.
2. Anthropogenic Sources:
Industrial sources
Domestic Sources
Agricultural Sources
Mining Sources
Physical Pollutant (thermal and radioactive sustainable).
Water pollution comes from either a POINT or a NONPOINT SOURCE.
Waste water characterization:
1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological
1. Physical Characteristics:
Colour
Odour
Turbidity
Temperature
Solids
2. Chemical characteristic:
PH
Alkalinity
Inorganic constituents like chlorides, heavy metals,
nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Pollution Spill, South Florida
POLLUTANTS FOUND IN RUNOFF
Organic and Inorganic Nutrients
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS—NITRATES AND PHOSPHATES
Inorganic nutrients stimulate excess plant growth, which impairs navigation and swimming and disrupts the aquatic environment. When the plants die, they decompose, causing oxygen levels to decline precipitously—an effect that can be harmful to a host of organisms.
EUTROPHICATION AND NATURAL SUCCESSION
The accumulation of nutrients in lakes, from both natural and human sources, is called natural and cultural eutrophication, respectively. Combined with the deposition of sediment from human activities, cultural eutrophication causes lakes to age prematurely.
Natural eutrophication
Natural eutrophication is usually a fairly slow and gradual process, occurring over a period of many centuries. It occurs naturally when for some reason, production and consumption within the lake do not cancel each other out and the lake slowly becomes over fert
Aplicando técnicas más propias de coaching grupal que de una ponencia, Jesús Huertas ayudó a conducir a los asistentes en un viaje desde los Recursos Humanos del presente a los RRHH 2.0, donde el área y sus funciones se redefinen para convertirse en un departamento esencial de la compañía. Nuevas tareas como orientar a directivos y mandos intermedios en la dirección de equipos, marcar objetivos alineados con la estrategia y la realidad empresarial, realizar una descripción clara de puestos de trabajo, o liderar cambios mediante un plan de comunicación interno parecen ser determinantes en este camino hacia el futuro.
4. 생각에 대한 개념
생각이란 무엇인가?
생각이란 넓은 의미로는 의식 활동과 그 내용 모두를 지칭한다. 그러므로 느끼고
상상하고 의욕하는 것도 하고의 일종이라 할 수 있다.
여러의미들
사람이 머리를 써서 사물을 헤아리고 판단하는 작용.
어떤 사람이나 일 따위에 대한 기억.
어떤 일을 하고 싶어 하거나 관심을 가짐. 또는 그런 일.
하고자하는 부분
12. 주로 인체와 어떤 사물을 결합하여 만든 작품이 많다.
초현실주의 그림을 보는 것 같다.
13. 비틀즈의 Abbey Road
팝 역사에서 가장 유명한 사진이며 음악뿐만이 아니라 앨범 자켓 사진에까지 영감을 주었던
최고의 록밴드이다.
앨범 중에 가장 큰 인기를 끈 것은 1969년 9월에 발매한 앨범 Abbey Boad의 커버사진이다.
이 커버사진은 세계에서 가장 많이 카피 된 이미지로 알려져 있다.
15. 작품 오마주
나는 머리대신 과일이나 다른사물로 대체되어 있는 작품을 보면 무엇을 생각하는
것처럼 보인다.
머리 속에 그 사물의 생각이 가득 채워져서 머리대신 그 사물이 있는 것을 표현한 것
이 아닐까라는 생각이 들었다.
나도 길을 걸으며 생각 하는 것을 좋아하기 때문에 이것을 표현하기 위하여 이 작품
들을 기반으로 한 무언가를 만들고 싶었다.
